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남인국 ( In Guk Nam ) 역사교육학회 2014 역사교육논집 Vol.53 No.-
Kim Gu-yong (Cheokyangjae; pen name) was a great-great grandson of Kim Bang-gyeong, the Duke of Chungryeol, of the Andong Kim clan. His family belonged to fifteen aristocratic lineages of the “chancellery” announced in November 1308 and forged marital relations with these families. Since the reign of King Chungryeol, Kim studied Neo-Confucianism and passed the civil service examination (gwageo) in 1355. Appointed to an instructor at Seonggyungwan (National Confucian Academy), he contributed to the raising of the future Neo-Confucian literati. His life is presented as a chronological record in the text. and his political activity may be divided into two parts (that in the reign of King Gongmin and that in the reign of King U). In the reign of King Gongmin, he shared same political positions with the people with whom he kept company through Neo-Confucianism and the civil service examinations. Unlike his younger brother Kim Jae-an, however, he did not participate in the conspiracy to eliminate Sin Don. Also, unlike Jeong Gu and Yi Jon-o, he did not blame Sin Don. Despite his younger brother`s death, he continued to serve in the officialdom while Sin Don held the reins of power, which demonstrates that he took a moderate course in the contemporary political affairs. Other instructors at Seonggyungwan such as Jeong Mong-ju, Jeong Do-jeon, Bak Sang-chung, and Bak Ui-jung are said to take the same position. In August 1372, he was dispatched to the Ming as a secretary of Seong Won-gyu, the Goryeo envoy to the Chinese empire. From the first reign year of King U, Kim Gu-yong participated actively in political affairs, holding firm to his convictions. The beginning was his opposition to the rehabilitation of Goryeo`s relationship with the Northern Yuan which the Yi In-im regime pursued. The Northern Yuan was expelled from China proper by the newly rising Ming empire. Together with other colleagues, he was purged from the government and retired into Yeoheung, Gyeonggi province, until he was reinstated as jwasaui daebu in the bureaucracy. Although he headed the Seonggyungwan after his reinstatement, he was not a remarkable political figure in the government any longer. In January 1384, as Goryeo`s envoy to the Ming, he was dispatched to the Chinese empire that had declined the Korean kingdom`s paying tribute to it. At the time, the Ming had doubts that Goryeo might spy on it and continue to maintain its relationship with the Northern Yuan. He died of illness on his way to the place of exile in southern China by the order of Ming Taizu because of the “subject`s private friendship” and more probably Goryeo`s not sending 5,000 horses as tributes. After his death, the problem of sending horses to the Ming still remained a pending issue between Goryeo and the Chinese empire. Because Goryeo did not send all of the 5,000 horses, its envoys to the Ming were often detained in China and later returned to the Korean kingdom. The fact that only Kim Gu-yong was severely punished demonstrates that the very time when he was dispatched to the Ming meant a climax in conflict between the two countries. Kim Gu-yong enjoyed the companionship with the people who passed the civil service examination in the same year when Kim did, served as instructors at the Seonggyungwan with him, and shared the same political line in the political incident of the first reign year of King U. Some people did not keep company with him, which suggests that at the time there existed similar difference as that between today`s classmates and friends. Most of the people with whom Kim enjoyed the companionship were those who were ten years older or younger than he. This demonstrates that along with political lines, age was also the standard of his companionship. It is open to question that his anthology did not include any mention on his nine brothers-in-law among those who were related to him through familial and marital ties. This is left as an unsolved question for the future.