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보리 도정이 Fusarium 곰팡이독소 저감에 미치는 효과
백슬기,이미정,나주영,임수빈,최정혜,최장남,장자영,양정욱,이데레사,Seul Gi Baek,Mi-Jeong Lee,Ju-Young Nah,Soo Bin Yim,Jung-Hye Choi,Jang Nam Choi,Ja Yeong Jang,Jung-Wook Yang,Theresa Lee 한국식물병리학회 2023 식물병연구 Vol.29 No.4
곡류의 도정은 곰팡이독소의 분포에 영향을 줄 수 있다. 보리에서의 도정효과를 조사하기 위해 트리코테씬과 제랄레논 독소에 오염된 겉보리 7점과 쌀보리 4점을 일반적으로 사용하는 도정 비율에 따라 도정하였다. 두 종류의 보리는 데옥시니발레놀과 아세틸 유도체(98.1-2,197.8 ㎍/kg), 니발레놀과 아세틸 유도체(468.5-3,965.1 ㎍/kg), 제랄레논(4.1-274.2 ㎍/kg) 등에 동시에 오염되어 있었다. 겉보리를 67%로 도정한 결과 데옥시니발레놀은 90.9%, 니발레놀은 87.7%, 제랄레논은 93.2%가 각각 감소하였다. 70%로 도정한 쌀보리의 경우는 데옥시니발레놀 88.6%, 니발레놀 80.2%, 제랄레논 70.1%이 각각 감소하였다. 두 보리 모두 데옥시니발레놀과 니발레놀의 아세틸 유도체는 100% 감소하였다. 그러나 보리겨는 도정 전 보리에 비해 곰팡이독소가 크게 증가하였다. 겉보리의 겨에서는 데옥시니발레놀, 니발레놀, 제랄레논이 각각 평균 357%, 252%, 169% 증가하였다. 이와 유사하게 쌀보리의 겨에서는 데옥시니발레놀, 니발레놀, 제랄레논이 각각 337%, 239%, 554% 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 보리 낟알의 외피에 존재하는 곰팡이독소가 도정 과정을 통해 효과적으로 제거될 수 있음을 나타낸다. 그러나 도정을 통해 곰팡이독소가 낟알에서 겨로 집적됨에 따라 보리겨를 인축에 활용하기 위해서는 사전에 독소의 오염 수준을 확인할 필요가 있음을 보여준다. Milling can affect the distribution of mycotoxins in small grains. To investigate the effects on barley, seven hulled barley and three naked barley samples naturally contaminated with trichothecenes and zearalenone were obtained and milled at commonly used rates. Both barleys were simultaneously contaminated with deoxynivalenol and its acetyl derivatives (98.1-2,197.8 ㎍/kg), nivalenol and its acetyl derivative (468.5-3,965.1 ㎍/kg), and zearalenone (4.1-274.2 ㎍/kg). Milling hulled barleys at a rate of 67% reduced the mycotoxins in the grain by 90.9% for deoxynivalenol, 87.7% for nivalenol, and 93.2% for zearalenone. The reduction in naked barleys (milled at a rate of 70%) was slightly lower than in hulled barleys, with 88.6% for deoxynivalenol, 80.2% for nivalenol, and 70.1% for zearalenone. In both barleys, the acetyl derivatives of deoxynivalenol and nivalenol were reduced by 100%. However, barley bran had significantly higher mycotoxin concentrations than the pre-milled grains: bran from hulled barley had a 357% increase in deoxynivalenol, 252% increase in nivalenol, and 169% increase in zearalenone. Similarly, bran from naked barley had a 337% increase in deoxynivalenol, 239% increase in nivalenol, and 554% increase in zearalenone. These results show that mycotoxins present in the outer layers of barley grain can be effectively removed through the milling process. As milling redistributes mycotoxins from the grain into the bran, however, it shows that advance monitoring of barley bran is recommended when using barley bran for human or animal consumption.
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저장 땅콩에서 분리된 Aspergillus flavus의 다양성 및 독소생성능
최정혜 ( Jung-hye Choi ),나주영 ( Ju-young Nah ),이미정 ( Mi-jeong Lee ),임수빈 ( Su-bin Lim ),이데레사 ( Theresa Lee ),김점순 ( Jeomsoon Kim ) 한국균학회 2021 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.49 No.3
Peanuts in storage were estimated for mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxins. Peanut samples collected from storages in Gochang were mainly contaminated with Fusarium (17.2±28.0%), Penicillium (12.4±28.0%), and Aspergillus (8.0±7.6%). Other genera, including Talaromyces, Rhizopus, Rhizoctonia, Trichocladium, Clonostachys, Mucor, Chaetomium, Trametes, Epicoccum, and Humicola, were also found. Although aflatoxins were not detected in the peanut samples, 29 strains of Aspergillus flavus were identified using molecular marker genes. Among them, 17 selected isolates produced aflatoxins in solid culture media ranging from 0.61-187.82 μg/kg. All of them could produce both aflatoxin B<sub>1</sub> and B<sub>2</sub> and some (n=5) produced additional G<sub>1</sub>, G<sub>2</sub>, or both. This study is the first report that A. flavus stains obtained from Korean stored peanut are aflatoxigenic.
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귀리 흑변 종자에서 분리된 Pyrenophora avenae의 특성
최정혜 ( Jung-hye Choi ),김점순 ( Jeomsoon Kim ),함현희 ( Hyeonheui Ham ),이데레사 ( Theresa Lee ),나주영 ( Ju-young Nah ),최효원 ( Hyo-won Choi ),이영기 ( Young Kee Lee ),홍성기 ( Sung Kee Hong ) 한국균학회 2018 韓國菌學會誌 Vol.46 No.4
In January 2017, discolored black oat seeds were found in the storage depot of a farmhouse in Jeongeup. Pyrenophora sp. was detected in 45% of the oat seeds surveyed. All Pyrenophora isolates obtained from the seeds were identified as Pyrenophora avenae based on the sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) rDNA regions and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH) gene and validated by morphological and cultural characterization. A phylogenetic tree constructed using the ITS and GPDH sequences showed that the Korean isolates of P. avenae comprise of four genetically distinct groups. Pathogenicity test validated that the fungus is an infectious agent responsible for discolored black seeds and leaf blotch in oat plants. This is the first study report that P. avenae causes leaf blotch disease of oat in Korea.
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