혈맹에 쐐기 박기: 최근 북한이 한국인의 대미 인식에 미친 영향

김진웅 ( Jin Wung Kim ) 역사교육학회 2004 역사교육논집 Vol.33 No.-

This study analyzes the influence of North Korea on South Korean views of America since February 1998. More specifically, this study examines profoundly changing South Korean image of the northern neighbor, including the generation gap in South Korean views of the North and the United States, its influence on their views of the U.S. military presence, the ROK-U.S. alliance, and Washington`s North Korea policy. From late February 1998, the Kim Dae-jung administration pursued the sunshine policy to actively engage Pyongyang. Kim`s persevered sunshine policy and succeeding Roh Moo-hyun administration`s policy of peace and prosperity with North Korea have profoundly transformed South Korean perceptions of North Korea and the United States--even more than its target, North Korea--in important and often unexpected ways. Like other important social issues, the South Korean image of North Korea shows a considerable generation gap. Young Koreans, having grown up in an era in which school textbooks no longer portrayed North Koreans as devils with horns and tails, have voiced strong sympathy for North Korea and have questioned the wisdom of their grandparents and sometimes their parents in continuing to support close ties with the United States. The U.S. forces Korea (USFK) has been very successful in fulfilling its original mission of deterring another North Korean aggression. The very success has made the U.S. military presence less useful to South Korea. In particular, Seoul`s continuing engagement policy toward Pyongyang has had the unintended consequence of making U.S. troops seem less important for South Korea`s security. As fears of a military threat from the North have rapidly receded, more and more South Koreans have increasingly been critical of the U.S. military presence. Recently, the Seoul-Washington alliance has soured to a considerable and worrisome extent. The tension between South Korea and the United States would lead both sides to reconsider the merits of their military alliance. The North Korean nuclear issue might prove to be a touchstone in changing the alliance that is faced with the greatest challenge in its 50-plus-year history.

최근 주한 미군에 대한 한국인들의 인식

김진웅 ( Jin Wung Kim ) 역사교육학회 2004 역사교육논집 Vol.32 No.-

This study analyzes South Korean views of the United States Forces Korea (USFK) in recent years. It also examines important factors that influence Korean perceptions of the USFK. Generally speaking, the South Korean stance on the U.S. military presence is complex; it is a mixture of national pride and realism. Many South Koreans resent the unnatural effects of the American military presence and are ashamed to rely on foreign troops for their national security. At the same time, South Koreans are so accustomed to American protection that they tend to regard any changes as a dangerous betrayal of the ties between South Korea and the United States. South Koreans` ambivalent views of the U.S. military presence have manifested in a preference for a phased reduction of American troops or for their presence so far as circumstances permit, instead of immediate withdrawal or permanent presence. Also, a wide generation gap is found between the conservative, older generation and the progressive, younger generation concerning the American military presence. Since the mid-1980s, the international and regional context of South Korean-U.S. relations has undergone great and possibly fundamental changes. These changes have encouraged new stirrings of nationalism among South Koreans. As it has grown in economic wealth and worked toward military self-sufficiency, South Korea has chafed in its role as a junior partner of the United States and is seeking greater independence within the alliance. The most important factor to influence South Korean views of the USFK has been the presence of hostile North Korea beyond the DMZ. North Korea constitutes a threat to South Korea`s survival. Pyongyang`s provocation of the Korean War and its continued threat to invade the south have justified the U.S. military presence and made the American withdrawal a taboo subject. As in the past, the perceptions of North Korea will directly influence South Korean views of U.S. forces.

論文(논문) : 미국에서 히스패닉 계의 정치적 정체성과 그 함의

김진웅 ( Jin Wung Kim ) 대구사학회 2013 대구사학 Vol.113 No.-

This study analyzes whether the Hispanic population in the United States has politically pan-ethnic group identity as “a sleeping giant” in U.S. politics, what beliefs about the role of government they have, and how their political identity reveals itself in U.S. politics. The main observations can be summed up as follows. Recently, Hispanics in the United States, the most rapidly growing segment in the U.S. electorate, have increasingly established a sense of group identity, which has even transcend differences in their nativity, generations, or national-origin group. In other words, Hispanics or Latinos in the United States have a politically significant pan-ethnic identity and demonstrate their awareness of commonality that could serve as a mobilizing factor and facilitate political coherence and collective action. Generally speaking, Hispanics` underlying ideology appears to be solidly progressive or liberal, despite somewhat conservative views on “social issues,” such as gay rights and abortion. On virtually every issue of public policy, Hispanics are significantly to the left of whites. They are enthusiastic about an active, growing, and problem-solving government. Because of their progressive ideology, Hispanics have given a preponderance of their votes to Democrats at both the state and national level. The Democratic ticket has taken between 65 and 70 percent of the two-party vote in national elections since the 1980s.

논문(論文) : 제2차 세계대전 후 폴란드와 한국에서의 정부 수립과정 비교

김진웅 ( Jin Wung Kim ) 대구사학회 2010 대구사학 Vol.100 No.-

미군정 기 국내정치에 있어서 경찰의 역할

김진웅 ( Jin Wung Kim ) 대구사학회 2009 대구사학 Vol.97 No.-

BROADBAND DIGITAL CROSS CONNECTION SYSTEM에 관한 연구

김진웅(JIN WUNG KIM) 한국정보과학회 1996 한국정보과학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.23 No.2B

현재 개발중인 동기식 전송장치인 BDCS (BOARDBAND CROSS CONNECTION SYSTEM)의 설계개념과 세부기능에 대하여 설명한다. 이 BDCS 시스템은 AU3 단위의 신호분배기능과 ADD-DROP을 통한 전송신호의 네트워킹이 용이하도록 설계되었다. 이 시스템은 STM1, STM4 동기 신호와 DS3의 비동기 신호를 수용한다. 여기에서 시스템의 전체 설계와 제어구조및 내부 구성에 대해 제안한다.

일본 내 조선인 ‘아나-볼’ 대립 원인 재검토, 1923년 초 舊 黑濤會 주도세력의 분열과 충돌

김진웅(Kim Jin-Wung) 고려사학회 2021 한국사학보 Vol.- No.83

이 연구는 일제하 조선인 아나키스트와 공산주의자들이 반목을 거듭해 온 까닭을 해명해 보고자 한 것이다. 이를 위해 1920년대 초 도쿄의 사상연구단체 黑濤會 핵심회원들의 활동과 이들이 분열하고, 대립하는 과정을 추적했다. 기왕의 연구들은 흑도회 분열의 주된 원인으로 노동조합 통일 방식을 둘러싼 일본 사회주의자들의 논쟁에 영향을 받았다는 것과 조선인 공산주의자와의 빈부 격차가 아나키스트들의 반감을 불러일으켰다는 것을 꼽아왔다. 그러나 본 연구 결과 이는 상호 충돌의 직접적인 원인이 아니었음을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구는 양 계열이 서로 다투게 된 시점을 1923년 초로 비정하였다. 그리고 그 동인을 합법 정치운동을 둘러싼 견해차와 공산주의자들에게 덧씌워진 ‘사기공산당’이라는 오해를 꼽았다. 이 무렵 공산주의자들은 일본 정치 현안의 적극적인 개입과 무산계급의 의회 진출을 긍정하기 시작했는데, 당시 아나키스트들의 눈에 이는 친일파들의 참정권 청원 운동, 장덕수 등이 주장한 ‘개량주의’ 노선으로 비쳤다. 이에 박열을 위시한 아나키즘 세력은 옛 동료 공산주의자들을 적으로 규정하고 반대 투쟁을 전개했다. 이 대립은 양자의 운동 방침이 이후에도 고수된 바 오랫동안 이어졌다. 이 점에서 1923년의 분열은 식민지 아나키스트와 공산주의자 충돌의 기원으로서 매우 의미 있는 사건이었다고 할 수 있다. This study is to explain the reason why Korean anarchists and communists had constant hostility toward each other under Japanese rule. To do this, the study traced activities of core members of Gokudokai, an ideology-research organization in the early 1920s and the process of dividing and confronting it. Studies in the past have pointed out that the main causes of the division of Gokudokai was influenced by Anarchist-Bolseviki Debate of Japanese socialists, and that the gap between the rich and the poor of Korean communists provoked antipathy of anarchists. However, the results of this study confirmed that it was not the direct cause of mutual clash. This study determined the time when two classes were in quarrel with each other as early 1923. And the study considered its motive as the difference in opinion on legal political campaigns and misunderstanding of ‘Fraud Communist Party’ applied to communists. Around this time, communists started to affirm the active involvement of Japanese political issues and entries into parliament of the proletariats. From the perspective of anarchists at that time, it was seen as movement of petitioning for political rights of pro-Japanese groups and the line of ‘reformism’ argued by Jang Deok-Su, So, anarchism forces including Park Yeol regulated communists, their old colleagues, as their enemy and struggled against them. This confrontation continued until the late 1920s. At this point, the division between the two in 1923 can be a very meaningful event as the origin of conflict occurred between colony anarchists and communists.

조공제도에 대한 서구학계의 해석 검토

김진웅 ( Jin Wung Kim ) 역사교육학회 2013 역사교육논집 Vol.50 No.-

This study intends to analyze a variety of interpretations presented by Western scholarship on the tribute system in historical East Asia. It classifies a number of explanations on the historical institution as two distinctive schools and examines their logic, characteristics, and limitations. The first school based on John K. Fairbank`s paradigm views the tribute system as the only medium for China`s relations and diplomacy with its neighboring states in the premodern era. The “Fairbank model” conceives of an East Asian world order of tributary relations centered on China. This model posits that Chinese rulers initiated tributary relations because of the value of the prestige that foreign tribute would bring to their rule in China. Foreign rulers participated in tributary politics because of the value of the benefits of trade with China. The Fairbank paradigm is problematic for a number of reasons. It is internally flawed and incapable of interpreting major events and underlying dynamics in East Asian international politics. The second school suggested primarily by scholars of international relations understands the tribute system as one institution of historical East Asian international relations. The actual international system of premodern East Asian politics was much broader than the tribute system. Other institutions, such as war and even the balance of power politics, can be found in international relations in historical East Asia. In other words, the tribute system was only part of the whole picture of historical East Asian international politics. Despite its logical validity and persuasive powers, the interpretation also reveals its own inherent flaws. History is subject to multiple interpretations and perspectives. It is clear that the “tribute system” constitutes the fundamental institution to explain the premodern East Asian world order. At the same time, we must make efforts to move beyond the “tribute system” paradigm to better understand historical East Asian international politics.

논문 : 1990년대 초 한국인들의 대미 인식에 영향을 미친 요인들

김진웅 ( Jin Wung Kim ) 역사교육학회 2015 역사교육논집 Vol.55 No.-

This study analyzes the factors that influenced South Korean views of the United States in the early 1990s and their historical implications for subsequent South Korean perceptions of the traditional ally. The main observations can be summed up as follows. In the early 1990s, many South Koreans shared new stirrings of national pride arising from their country`s remarkable achievements in many fields. The increase in South Korean national pride profoundly influenced their perception of the United States. South Koreans resented the role of "apprentice nation" and "little brother" that their nation had played following the Korean War and prompted South Korea and the United States to readjust their alliance relationship to reflect the changed status of the former nation. The enhanced national pride of the early 1990s was further strengthened to the extent that South Korean perception of the United States underwent fundamental changes in the 2000s. This is the historical implications that the increased South Korean national pride has for subsequent perceptions of the United States. The collapse of the Cold War in the early 1990s considerably influenced South Korean perceptions of the United States and the ROK-U.S. alliance. Specifically, it had profound impacts on South Korean views of the U.S. military presence in their nation. "Post-Cold War mentality" that formed in the early 1990s further evolved into "alliance fatigue" in the 2000s. This is the historical implications that the coming of the post-Cold War era has for subsequent South Korean perceptions of the United States. Historically, the North Korean military threat has most influenced South Korean perception of the United States. It has justified the ROK-U.S. alliance and the presence of U.S. forces in South Korea. With the emergence of the North Korean nuclear crisis in the spring of 1993, many South Koreans were seriously concerned about Washington`s North Korea policy. Thereafter, it functioned as an important source of so-called "South-South conflict" between the "conservatives" and the "progressives" in South Korean society. This is the historical implications that the North Korean nuclear crisis of the early 1990s has for subsequent South Korean views of the United States.

논문(論文) : 미국 내 "히스패닉 계"의 인종적 정체성 연구

김진웅 ( Jin Wung Kim ) 대구사학회 2014 대구사학 Vol.117 No.-

This study analyzes ethnic identity of the Hispanics in the United States from two perspectives: how they are viewed by themselves and the outsiders. The main observations can be summed up as follows. Many Hispanics/Latinos refuse to place themselves in the five standard U.S. racial categories based primarily on skin color and instead identify their race as “some other race” or volunteer “Hispanic/Latino.” They indicate that they feel themselves to be an ethnic group with distinct Spanish cultural heritage. Many Hispanics adopt “situational identities” depending on the circumstances. They most often identify themselves in terms of their or their parents`` country of origin, including “Mexican,” “Cuban,” or “Dominican,” followed by pan-ethnic terms of “Hispanic” or “Latino,” and then “American” on first reference. Although the terms “Hispanic” and “Latino” can be used interchangeably, the former is preferred over the latter. Who can be defined as a “Hispanic” or “Latino”? A simple answer is that anyone who says they are. The U.S. Census Bureau uses this simple approach. Demographically and culturally, however, a Hispanic or Latino is categorized not as a member of a racial group based primarily on phenotypic appearances but as a member of a culturally oriented ethnic group that traces its roots to more than 20 Latin American nations. In other words, Hispanics are defined as a distinct ethnic group who share a cultural heritage or a social identity associated with Latin American countries. Therefore, Hispanics in the United States may be characterized by Spanish as a significant and often dominant language and strong belief in Catholicism.