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정세화,이동원,김미숙 [외] 이화여자대학교 한국여성연구소 1988 여성학논집 Vol.5 No.-
One of the major implications of women's movements seems to lie in the fact that it tends to promote women's consciousness-raising and, thus, heighten social status of women in general. It would be very much the case when discussion centers around the emergence of Korean women's moments in modern sense. Due to the socio-political atmospheres of the late 19th century Korean society, its basic characteristics owe to strong tones of patriotic nationalism under the slogan of "learning is might enough to deal with the imperialistic foreign powers of the time." As such, ever since the introduction of women's enlightenment moments of the time, Korean women's movements have provided for the advancement of egalitarian society. However, assessing the effectiveness of programs that are practiced by the existing women's organizations in Korea, it deserves mention in that most programs are for the adult female members, assuming it would only be applicable to those adults. In this regard, it can be said that the Korean Girl Scout organization has worked a unique role to make up such voids in women's movements - most programs developed and exercised by the Girl Scout are reserved for those young girls. For instance, special activities like social services, field campaigns, and international gatherings would definitely work a profound impact in the formation of gender-role stereotypes of the youth. The present study tries to examine the Korean Girl Scout movement being the case of women's movement organization. Discussion will cover such topics as: historical reviews of Korean Girl Scout movement, principal organizational goals and its practice in real life, and internal dynamics of members between "staffs" and the ordinary members themselves-on perceptions of the movement, evaluation of leaderships, and the future orientations of the Girl Scout, etc. Various research methods are employed. Book reviews, in-depth interviews, questionnaires, and participant observations are utilized, when the respective measurement is required. Major findings of the study can be summarized as follows: (1) Numbers of Girl Scout membership have declined since 1980, while revealing its utmost pick up to mid-70s. In terms of regional distributions of the members, both Seoul and Kyung-Nam branches are the most prosperous. Whereas commemoration ceremonies and camping works are considered most impressive programs, membership trainings and field works are the lowest. About 70 percent of the members show their length of activities in Girl Scout less than one year. Most members are involved in the activities based on self-decision in order to have social services, club memberships, or self-actualizations. They are satisfied with most of the programs, especially when participating in the social service programs. (2) As for the staff members, about half of the leaders in the headquarters are newly appointed. Whereas majority of the 'field' staffs are young in their 20s, or 30s), other leaders are considered old (most of them are in their 40s, 50s, or 60s). Half of the leaders are involved in the activities for less than 5years. They are recruited by either colleagues' or office seniors' recommendations. Reasons to participate in the movement are to have self-actualized or to have opportunity for social services. All in all, leaders are satisfied with the Girl Scout activities mainly because they can see their youth members progressing and developing. (3) Several issues for the better organizational managements seem to be related. Prevalence of aspirational differences between leaders and members tends to cause psychological burdens. Other problematics such as lack of free communication networks, tensions due to cohort differences, authoritarian leadership styles, and financial difficulties would hinder Girl Scout movement more promising and popular to all. Based on the research findings, two major suggestions might be in order. First, underlying rationales of the Girl Scout movement should be reoriented. A special emphasis on the creation of self-supportive 'androgynous individuals' would be the case (in this regard, an intensive program targeted for those pre-school-aged members would be the most effective.) As a way to achieve the strategic reformulation, reliance on the interdisciplinary program (for example, coordination with the university) will be one possibility. Secondly, an organizational management should be sufficiently considered. Provisions (tangible and intangible) for the 'field leaders' being the key leader group in the Girl Scout movement should be afforded enough to keep their participations voluntary continuous.
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