근린 체육활동시설이 운동시간과 주관적 건강 수준에 미치는 영향 분석

기동환(Ki, Donghwan),이수기(Lee, Sugie) 대한국토·도시계획학회 2018 國土計劃 Vol.53 No.6

The purpose of this study is to examine the impacts of neighborhood sports activity facilities on the exercise time and subjective health level using the National Sport Participation Survey data(2013-2015) in Seoul, Korea. We conducted path analysis including exercise time, subjective health level and various environmental factors. From the survey data, we extracted individuals characteristics including subjective health and exercise time. In addition, we calculated physical environment variables of neighborhood units. The results of this study are as follow. First, most of moderating variables such as gender, age, income and job showed expected relationships with exercise time or subjective health level. Second, the perceived level regarding neighborhood sports facilities such as public sports facilities had a strong positive association with exercise time and subjective health level. Third, the area of public sports facility, neighborhood park and the number of schools had positive effects on the exercise time and subjective health level. Lastly, land use mix and the number of intersections showed a positive effects on exercise time. To sum up, the results indicated that public sports facility, neighborhood park and perceived environment on neighborhood sports facility are critical factors of residents’ exercise time and subjective health level.

Google Street View와 딥러닝을 활용한 서울시 녹지 형평성 분석 : NDVI와 가로이미지 기반 녹지 산출방법과의 비교를 중심으로

기동환(Ki, Donghwan),김선재(Kim, Sunjae),이수기(Lee, Sugie) 대한국토·도시계획학회 2021 國土計劃 Vol.56 No.4

Urban green has various benefits, including promoting physical activity, improving residents’ health, and mitigating urban heat islands. Hence, urban green is considered essential for urban residents, but green inequity issues are being raised. Although several studies have analyzed green equity with the traditional measurement method, the conventional approach is limited in its inability to reflect the actual degree of the green exposure of residents. To fill this gap, this study aims to identify the actual green equity using the Green View Index (GVI), which can represent actual green exposure. This study utilized Google Street View (GSV) and computer vision techniques to measure the GVI. The normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and geographic information system (GIS) based green area variables, which are traditional green area variables, were used to compare these distributions with GVI. Furthermore, this study identified the degree of green equity through the relationship between the distribution of green variables and the vulnerable groups. In terms of statistical model, the spatial lag and spatial error models were used to control the spatial autocorrelation. The results of this study are as follows. First, there were significant distributional differences between traditional green variables and GVI. Specifically, traditional green variables were high in the periphery of Seoul. GVI, however, was shown as cold-spots in these areas and highly concentrated in Gangnam, Seocho, and Songpa-gu. Second, the GVI model showed a lack of street greenery where numerous vulnerable people live, unlike traditional green variable models. Specifically, low-income people tend to live in neighborhoods with less street vegetation. Therefore, the government should implement green supply policies for these target neighborhoods. Regarding the methodological perspective, the results indicate that the degree of green inequality may vary depending on the green measurement methods. Moreover, plans for the supply of green should be based on GVI that can represent the actual degree of the exposure of residents.

서울시 다문화 수용 인식의 공간적 분포와 영향 요인 분석

사경은(Sa, Kyungeun),기동환(Ki, Donghwan),이수기(Lee, Sugie) 한국도시설계학회 2019 도시설계 : 한국도시설계학회지 Vol.20 No.3

본 연구는 ‘2013 서울서베이’ 자료를 활용하여 서울시 내 행정동별 다문화 인식의 공간적 분포와 이에 대한 영향 요인을 분석하고, 내국인의 다문화 수용 인식 제고를 위한 시사점을 제시하였다. 본 연구의 주요 결과와 시사점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 다수준 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과, 근린 수준 설명력이 가구 수준 설명력보다 높은 것으로 확인 되었다. 이는 다문화 수용 인식에 있어 개인 및 가구 특성뿐만 아니라, 거주지역의 근린환경 측면이 함께 고려되어야 함을 시사한다. 둘째, 다문화 수용 인식에 있어 경합하는 두 이론인 접촉이론과 집단 갈등이론 중 단편적으로는 집단 갈등이론이 부합하는 것으로 나타났으나, 장기적인 관점에서는 접촉이론이 부합하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 두 이론을 규명하는데 있어 두 집단 간의 단편적인 접촉뿐만 아니라 접촉의 기간 또한 고려해야함을 시사한다. 셋째, 양질의 인지적 근린환경은 내국인의 다문화 수용 인식에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 내국인의 다문화 수용을 제고하기 위해 근린의 지속적인 관리와 치안 확보가 중요함을 시사한다. 마지막으로, 사회적 혼합과 관련있는 주택유형 혼합도와 건조환경의 개방성이나 폐쇄성을 의미하는 근린환경 특성변수가 다문화 수용 인식에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 근린단위에서 다양한 주거유형을 혼합하고 폐쇄적인 단지계획을 지양하는 것이 다문화 수용 인식에 긍정적인 기여를 할 수 있음을 시사한다. This study analyzed the factors that influence the spatial distribution of multi-cultural acceptability using the data obtained from the 2013 Seoul survey. The results and implications of this study are as follow. First, a multi-level logistic regression has shown that the explanatory power of neighborhood-level was higher than the household level. This result suggests that the characteristics of individual and household as well as the neighborhood environments should be considered for analyzing multi-cultural acceptability issues. Second, among the two competing theories of multi-cultural acceptability such as ‘group conflict theory’ and ‘intergroup contact theory’, this study supports the group conflict theory from a short-term perspective. However, from a long-term perspective, intergroup contact theory gives a better explanation. This finding indicates that both temporary contact and long-term contact between the two groups should be taken into account in examining the two theories. Third, the high quality of the perceived environment has a positive impact on the perceived multi-cultural acceptability of local people. These results suggest that continuous management and the public order in a neighborhood are important in the perceived multi-cultural acceptability. Finally, this study shows that the mix of housing type and the structure of built environment at the neighborhood level affected the perceived multi-cultural acceptability. This finding means that housing mix and opened form of neighborhood built environment can make positive contributions to the perceived multi-cultural acceptability.

COVID-19 확산에 따른 통행 수단 선택 변화 분석 : 서울시 사례를 중심으로

김진만(Kim, Jinman),기동환(Ki, Donghwan),이수기(Lee, Sugie) 대한국토·도시계획학회 2021 國土計劃 Vol.56 No.3

The transition to a non-contact society after the outbreak of COVID-19 is having a substantial impact on people’s lifestyles and travel behavior. This study aimed to analyze the changes in travel mode choice caused by the spread of COVID-19. Specifically, it investigated how the spread of the virus affected the ridership of public transportation, personal vehicles, and shared bicycles. In addition, the impact of COVID-19 was examined by dividing ridership into weekdays and weekends. The analysis showed that there were significant changes in the ridership of transportation modes by the diffusion stage of COVID-19. In particular, in the case of public transit such as subways and buses, the decrease in usage was found to be significant compared to other modes. On the contrary, the usage of personal vehicles and shared bicycles either barely decreased or even increased. Considering that telecommuting was partially implemented due to COVID-19, it can be assumed that individuals who took public transportation switched their mode to car or bicycle. The results of this study could be useful in understanding people’s travel behavior regarding mode choice during a spreading epidemic, such as COVID-19. Also, this study could be used to establish public transportation policies and mobility improvement strategies during the pandemic condition.

경계요소법을 이용한 한국인 머리관련 전달함수의 특성 해석

이두호(Dooho Lee),안태수(Tae-Soo Ahn),기동환(Donghwan Ki) 대한기계학회 2010 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.34 No.8

머리관련 전달함수는 음원으로부터 이도의 입구까지 소리의 전달함수로 인간이 소리의 위치를 판단하는데 중요한 역할을 하는 함수이다. HRTF 는 개인간의 편차가 크게 나는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 논문에서는 한국인의 평균두형에 관해서 HRTF 를 해석하는 경계요소해석 모델을 개발하고 해석 결과와 실험결과와의 비교를 통해서 모델을 검증하였다. 또한 특정 성인에 대하여 CT 촬영을 통하여 두형, 귓바퀴 및 이도의 형상을 획득하여 이를 바탕으로 이도 내의 음향응답을 전 가청주파수에서 해석할 수 있는 모델을 개발하고 실험과의 비교를 통하여 모델을 검증하였다. 개발된 모델을 이용, 경계요소 해석을 수행하고 한국인 HRTF 의 특성에 영향을 미치는 인자를 살펴보았다. Head-related transfer function (HRTF) is an acoustic transfer function from a sound source to the ear canal entrance position. HRTFs are very important information in the construction of virtual sound fields. HRTFs also vary for different individuals. In this study, characteristics of HRTF for an average Korean are investigated numerically by comparing with the HRTF for a standard Knowles Electronics Manikin for Acoustic Research (KEMAR). A boundary element (BE) model for an adult Korean is developed using the computerized tomography (CT) data in order to investigate the variation in HRTFs for different individuals. The boundary conditions of the BE model are identified by comparing the numerical results with the experimental results. The numerical model shows that accurate HRTFs can be calculated efficiently over full audible frequency range for individuals.

경계요소법을 이용한 한국인 머리관련 전달함수의 특성 해석

이두호(Dooho Lee),안태수(Tae-Soo Ahn),기동환(Donghwan Ki) 대한기계학회 2010 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2010 No.3

머리관련 전달함수는 음원으로부터 이도의 입구까지 소리의 전달함수로 인간이 소리의 위치를 판단하는 데 중요한 역할을 하는 함수이다. HRTF는 개인간의 편차가 크게 나는 것으로 알려져 있다. 본 논문에서는 한국인의 평균두형에 관해서 HRTF를 해석하는 경계요소해석 모델을 개발하고 해석 결과와 실험결과와의 비교를 통해서 모델을 검증하였다. 또한 특정 성인에 대하여 CT 촬영을 통하여 두형, 귓바퀴 및 이도의 형상을 획득하여 이를 바탕으로 이도 내의 음향응답을 전 가청주파수에서 해석할 수 있는 모델을 개발하고 실험과의 비교를 통하여 모델을 검증하였다. 개발된 모델을 이용, 경계요소 해석을 수행하고 한국인 HRTF의 특성에 영향을 미치는 인자를 살펴보았다. Head-related transfer function(HRTF) is an acoustic transfer function from a sound source to ear entrance position, and is very important to construct virtual sound field in many areas. HRTFs of a human vary individually. In this study, characteristics of HRTF with averaged Korean head shape are investigated numerically by comparing with a standard KEMAR dummy model. A boundary element (BE) model for an adult Korean is developed from CT data in order to explore individual variation of HRTFs. Comparing numerical results with those of experiment, the BE model is validated. The numerical model shows that individual accurate HRTFs can be calculated efficiently over full audible frequency range.

서울시 가로경관 이미지에 대한 주관적 인지에 영향을 미치는 가로환경 요인 분석 : Deep Learning 의미론적 분할과 YOLOv3 객체 검출기법을 적용하여

유승재(Lieu, Seungjae),하정원(Ha, Jungwon),김혜준(Kim, Hyejoon),기동환(Ki, Donghwan),이수기(Lee, Sugie) 대한국토·도시계획학회 2021 國土計劃 Vol.56 No.2

This study aims to demonstrate the relation between streetscape features and six different individual perceptions, which includes pedestrian satisfaction. Two deep learning techniques—semantic segmentation and object detection—were applied on Google Street View imagery; these techniques captured the streetscape factors from a pedestrian perspective and subsequently extracted various visual elements. In this study, independent variables include not only eight segmented object categories and two features detected from the streetscape images of community roads in Seoul but also factors relevant to the built environment and individual characteristics. In addition, human perceptions were measured through an online survey based on a 5-point Likert scale from 1 (“very dissatisfied”) to 5 (“very satisfied”) (n = 240). Subsequently, by using a multilevel ordered logistic regression model, we examined the factors’ discrete impacts on six different perceptual indicators: vitality, safety, beauty, boring, depression, and overall pedestrian satisfaction. The main results of this study are as follows. Among the segmented objects, sky, vegetation, wall, sidewalk, and pavement have important ramifications as perceptual indicators. In such a case, sky, vegetation, sidewalk, and pavement positively affect overall pedestrian satisfaction, vitality, safety, and beauty; however, the wall has an adverse impact on them. Moreover, the number of pedestrians and vehicles detected from the YOLOv3 algorithm is significantly associated with most perceptual indicators. Pedestrian volume is positively correlated with overall pedestrian satisfaction, vitality, and safety, whereas the effect of the number of vehicles is the opposite. Overall, though this study, we proposed policy implications to improve the walking environment.