국내산 다시마, 미역포자엽, 톳, 모자반 정제 fucoidan의 구성당 결합 특성

구재근,Koo Jae-Geun 한국수산과학회 1997 한국수산과학회지 Vol.30 No.1

국내산 주요 갈조류인 미역, 다시마, 톳, 모자반 정제 fucoidan의 기본 결합 구조 및 황산기 결합 위치를 확인하기 위하여 정제 fucoidan및 이를 methanolysis하여 얻은 고분자 획분을 각각 methylation 및 FT-IR 측정을 하였다. 다시마, 톳, 모자반, 미역포자엽 정제 fucoidan의 주 결합은 $(1\rightarrow3)$ linked fucose였으며 미역포자엽에는 $(1\rightarrow3)$ linked galactose도 상당량 존재하였다. 황산기의 대부분은 fucose와 galactose의 C-4의 위치에 결합되어 있는 것으로 추정된다. Primary structure of purified fucoidans was analysed by methanolysis, methylation and HT-IR measurement. Basic linkage in the fucoidans of Laminaria religiosa, sporophylls of Undaria pinnatifida, Hizikia fusiforme and Sargassum fuivellum from Korea was $(1\rightarrow3)$ linkage of fucose, but a considerable amount of $(1\rightarrow3)$ linked galactose was also found in case of the purified fucoidan from sporophylls of U. pinnatifida. Ester sulfate was substituted mainly to C-4 position of fucose and galactose.

국내산 다시마, 미역포자엽, 톳, 모자반 fucoidan의 리올리지 특성

구재근,조길석,박진희,KOO Jae-Geun,JO Kil-Suk,PARK Jin-Hee 한국수산과학회 1997 한국수산과학회지 Vol.30 No.3

국내산 미역포자엽, 다시마, 톳, 모자반에서 추출한 부분 정제 fucoidan의 유동특성을 측정하였다. 겉보기 점도는 모자반, 다시마, 톳, 미역포자엽 순으로 높았으며 특히 전단속도 1,500 1/s에서 미역포자엽의 용액 $(5\%)$의 겉보기 점도는 2.2mPa.s로 매우 낮았다. 전시료 모두 유동지수 1이하의 의가소성 유체의 성질을 나타내었으며 시료의 농도가 증가함에 따라 의가소성이 증가하였다. 온도에 따른 활성화 에너지는 전단속도 1,500 1/s에서 톳 $8.269\times10^6$, 다시마 $7.498\times10^6$, 미역포자엽 $7.141\times10^6$, 모자반 $6.677\times10^6\;J/kg.mol$로 낮아 온도 의존성이 적었다. 또한 설탕 첨가시는 부분 정제 fucoidan의 점도가 증가한 반면에 소금 첨가시는 변화가 없었다. Rheological properties of partially purified fucoidans of Laminaria religiosa, sporophylls of Undaria pinnatifida, Hizikia fusiforme, and Sargassum fulvellum in Korea were investigated, The fucoidans produced aqueous solutions of low apparent viscosity with pseudoplastic flow behavior. The viscosity of $5\%$ solution of the fucoidan from sporophylls of U. pinnatifida was 2.2 mPa.s. The activaton energies of L. religiosa, sporophylls of U. pinnatifida, H. fusiforme and S. fulvellum were $8.269\times10^6,\;7.498\times10^6,\;7.141\times10^6,\;and\;6.677\times10^6\;J/Kg.mol$ at 1,500 1/s of shear rate, respectively. The viscosity of the fucoidan solution was increased by the addition of sugar, but that was not changed by addition of NaCl.

알칼리 처리 porphyran의 이화학적 특성

구재근,박진희,KOO Jae-Geun,PARK Jin-Hee 한국수산과학회 1999 한국수산과학회지 Vol.32 No.3

국내산 양식김을 이용한 겔 제조를 위한 기초 자료를 얻기 위하여 채취 장소 및 시기에 따라 crude porphyran 및 porphyran을 제조한 후 알칼리 처리하여 수율, 화학적 및 겔 특성을 조사하였다. 알칼리 처리 crude porphyran과 porphyran의 수율은 각각 $4.9\~10.9\%$와 $4.0\~6.7\%$였으며 채취 시기별로는 부안 김은 2월 산이, 위도 김은 1월 산이 수율이 가장 높았다. 겔 강도는 알칼리처리 crude porphyran의 경우 부안김은 2월 산이 $790 g/cm^2$, 위도김은 $740 g/cm^2$로 가장 높았다. 알칼리 처리에 의해 총당은 증가하고 단백질과 황산기는 감소하였다. 알칼리 처리 crude porphyran과 알칼리처리 porphyran의 3,6-anhydro galactose 함량은 각각 $42.6\~46.6\%$와 $40.8\~45.0\%$로 galactose : 3,6-anhydro galactose의 mole 비가 1.0 : 0.8$\~$1.1였다. GC와 FT-IR 분석 결과 알칼리 처리에 따라 3,6-anhydro galactose peak($932cm^{-1}$)가 증가하고 6-sulfate galactose ($815 cm^{-1}$)와 총 황산기 peak ($1250 cm^{-1}$)가 감소함을 알 수 있어 황산기의 대부분이 3,6-anhydro galactose의 전구 물질인 6-sulfate-galactose로 존재함을 알 수 있다. The chemical and gelling properties of porphyran from Porphra yezoensis collected from Buan and Wido in Korea at different months of the year were studied. Crude porphyran was prepared by hot-water extraction and further purified by cetylpyridinium chloride precipitation, Crude porphyran and porphyran were modified by alkali treatment to eliminate sulfate. The yields of alkali-modified crude porphyran (AMCP) and porphyran(AMP) were between $4.9\~10.9\%$ and $4.0\~6.7\%$ of the dried algae weight and were maximum in February for Buan and January for Wido, respectively. Gel strength of AMCP were highest in February ($790g/cm^2$) for Buan and January ($740 g/cm^2$) for Wido. Alkali modification increased 3,6-anhydro galactose content and the molar ratio of galactose and 3,6-anhydrogalactose of AMCP and AMP showed 1 : 0,8$\~$1.1. GLC and FT-IR measurement of AMP showed that most of sulfate residues were combined to C-6 of galactose, Thus, results of this study suggest that crude porphyran extracted from Porphra yezoensis produces an agar of a reasonably good quality after alkali treatment.

미역 포자엽 fucoidan의 중금속 흡착 특성

구재근,KOO Jae-Geun 한국수산과학회 2001 한국수산과학회지 Vol.34 No.5

Screening tests of different fucoidan fractions from Sporophylls of Undazia pinnatifida, Laminaria religiosa, Hizikia fusiforme and Sagassum fulvellum revealed that the highest biosorptive Pb and Cd uptake fraction was Undaria finnatifida Fr-3.0 prepared by dissolving the precipitated complex (crude fucoidan and cetylpyridinum chloride) with 3.0 M $CaCl_2$ solution, The Pb and Cd uptake by Undaria finnatifida Fr-3.0 was quantitatively evaluated using sorption isotherms and Langmuir sorption model. The Pb and Cd uptake by Undaria finnatifida Fr-3.0 increased with increasing pH values at high equilibrium residual concentration. The highest experimentally observed Pb and Cd uptake value in the sorption isotherm for pH 5.5 were 94 mg/g (at $C_f=164\;mg/L$) and 64 mg/g (at $C_f=197\;mg/L$) respectively, and $q_{max}$ of Pb and Cd calculated by Langmuir sorption model were 178 mg/g and 122 mg/g, respectively. In the low equilibrium concentration range, up to 20 mg/L, the Pb uptake remained unchanged in the presence of Cd, but decreased at higher equilibrium concentration range. 국내에서 다량 생산되는 갈조류인 미역포자엽, 다시마, 톳, 모자반으로부터 fucoidan을 추출, 분획하여 Pb와 Cd의 흡착 특성을 조사하였다. 4종의 갈조류에서 추출한 fucoidan의 분획물 모두 Pb의 흡착량이 Cd보다 높았으며, 시료간에는 미역포자엽 분획물 (Fr-3.0)이 Pb와 Cd 모두 흡착력이 상대적으로 우수하였다. pH와 농도 변화에 따른 홉착력의 변화는 $C_f$ (잔류농도)가 50mg/L까지는 pH 간 차이가 없었으나, 농로가 증가함에 따라 pH 5.5 처리구가 다른 처리구에 비하여 흡착량이 증가하였다. 실험을 통하여 얻은 Pb 와 Cd의 최대 흡착량은 pH 5.5에서 각각 94mg/g ($C_f$164mg/L), 64mg/g ($C_f$197mg/L)였으며 Langmuir sorption model을 통해 구한 최대 흡착량은 pH 5.5에서 각각 178mg/g, 122mg/g이었다. Cd 공존시 Pb 흘착량은 $C_f$가 낮을 범위에서는 변화가 없었으나 $C_f$가 증가함에 따라 공존 이온의 흡착 방해로 인하여 감소하였다.

국내산 미역포자엽, 다시마, 톳, 모자반 fucoidan의 항혈액응고 특성

구재근,최용석,곽중기,KOO Jae-Geun,CHOI Yong-Seok,KWAK Jung-Ki 한국수산과학회 2001 한국수산과학회지 Vol.34 No.5

국내 연안에서 생산되고 있는 갈조류인 미역포자엽, 다시마, 톳, 모자반을 묽은 염산 (pH 2.0)으로 $65^{\circ}C$에서 추출한 crude fucoidan을 CPC처리하여 침전시킨 후 $CaCl_2$ 농도 (1.0M, 1.5M, 3.0M)를 증가시키면서 분획하였다. APTT 활성으로 비교한 결과 분획물의 항 혈액응고 활성은 황산기의 함량이 증가할수록 증가하였으며, 분획물 시료중 미역포자엽을 3.0M $CaCl_2$로 분획한 것이 가장 활성이 우수하였다. 이 획분을 다시 pronase와 laminase로 수식한 결과 각각 단백질과 glucose가 감소하였으나 수식 전에 비하여 APTT 활성이 증가하였다. Pronase와 laminase로 수식한 fucoidan의 fucose : galactose : mannose : sulfate : uronic acid의 $mole\%$는 1 : 1.3:0.03:2.7:0.08이였으며, 효소 처리에 따른 미역 포자엽의 주 결합구조는 변화가 없었다. The anticoagulant activities of fucoidan fractions extracted from Sporophylls of Undaria pinnatifida, Laminaria religiosa, Hizikia fusiforme and Sargassum fulvellum were studied to assess the relationship between chemical characteristics and the activities. Crude fucoidans extracted with diluted HCl solution (pH 2.0) at $65^{\circ}C$ were precipitated with cetylpyridinum chloride and then fractionated by dissolving the precipitated complex with increasing $CaCl_2$, concentrations (1.0 M, 1.5 M, 3.0 M). The anticoagulant activities of the fractions with respect to activated partial thromboplastin (APTT) increased with increase in their sulfate content and Undaria finnatifida Fr-3.0 fraction, prepared by dissolving with 3.0 M $CaCl_2$ solution, exhibited the highest activity. The Undaria finnatifida Fr-3.0 fraction was further modified with pronase and laminase. The pronase and laminase treatment decreased protein and glucose content and the APTT activity was higher than that or parent Undaria finnatifida Fr-3.0 fraction. The pronase and laminase modified Undaria finnatifida Fr-3.0 was composed of fucose, galactose, mannose, sulfate, uronic acid in the approximately molar ratio of 1.00 : 1.30: 0.03 : 2.70 : 0.08.

톳과 모자반 fucoidan의 화학적 특성

구재근,조길석,도정룡,박진희,양차범,KOO Jae-Geun,JO Kil_Suk,DO Jeong-Ryong,PARK Jin-Hee,YANG Cha-Bum 한국수산과학회 1995 한국수산과학회지 Vol.28 No.5

톳과 모자반으로 부터 fucoidan을 추출, 정제하여 그 성질을 분석, 검토하였다. Fucoidan의 추출 조건은 pH 2.0의 산성 추출액으로 $65^{\circ}C$에서 1시간씩 3회 추출을 하고 cethylpyridinum chloride를 사용하여 부분 정제하였다. 부분 정제 fucoidan의 수율은 톳 $2.51\%$, 모자반 $1.56\%$였다. DEAE-Sephadex A-25 이온 교환 칼럼으로 부분 정제 fucoidan을 분획한 결과 톳, 모자반 모두 3종의 획분으로 분획되었고, 각 획분은 전기 영동상에서 2종 이상의 band가 검출되어 불균일함을 알 수 있었다. 분획한 주획분을 다시 알콜 분별 침전법으로 재분획한 결과 톳은 에타놀농도 $60-70\%$에서 침전된 획분 (P-70)이, 모자반은 에타놀농도 $60-65\%$에서 침전된 획분 (P-65)이 cellulose acetate 전기 영동 및 젤 여과 크로마토그라프상에서 각각 균일성을 나타내었다. 균일하게 정제 된 톳과 모자반 fucoidan의 fucose : galactose : 황산기의 mole 조성비는 각각 1:0.66:2.74와 1:0.24:1.46였으며, 분자량은 톳은 26,000, 모자반은 105,000이었다. Fucoidans were isolated from Hizikia fusiformis and Sargassum fulvellum and characterized on their chemical properties. Crude fucoidans were extracted at $65^{\circ}C$ for 1hr with acid solution of pH 2.0, and cetylpyridinum chloride was used for partial purification. The yields of partially purified fucoidans were $2.51\%$ for H. fusiformis, and $65\%$ for S. fulvellum, respectively. The partially purified fucoidans were separated into 3 fractions by DEAE-Sephadex A-25 ion exchange column chromatography and the major fractions were refractionated with fractional preripitation with ethanol. $60-70\%$ ethanol precipitated fraction(P-70) of H. fusiformis and $60-65\%$ ethanol precipitated fraction(P-65) of S. fulvellum turned out to be homogeneous by cellulose acetate electrophoresis and gel filtration chromatography. The molar ratios of fucose, galactose, and sulfate In the purified fucoidans were 1 : 0.66 2.74 for H. fusiformis and 1 : 0.24. 1.46 for 5. fulvellum. The averaged molecular weights of the purified fucoidans from H. fusiformis and S. fulvellum were 26,000 and 105,000, respectively.

Blood-anticoagulant activities of the purified fucoidans of Laminaria religiosa, sporophylls of Undaria pinnatifida, Hijikia fusiforme and Sargassum fulvellum

구재근(Jae-Geun. Koo),이근우(Keum-woo Lee) 군산대학교 수산과학연구소 2004 군산대학교 수산과학연구소 연구논문집 Vol.4 No.-

국내산 갈조류로부터 생리 기능성이 우수한 식이섬유 소재를 개발하기 위한 기초 자료를 얻 기 위해 다시마, 미역 (엽상체와 포자엽), 톳, 모자반으로부터 fucoidan의 항혈액응고 작용 특성을 조사하였다. 다시마, 미역포자엽, 톳 모자반 정제 fucoidan의 항혈액응고력을 측정한 결과 A PTT{Activated pa π ial thromboplasin time) 측정값이 다시마 , 돗 , 모자반 , 미역 포자엽 순으로 높았으며, 특히 다시마의 APTT 값이 높아 18ug/ml에서 70초로 heparine의 약 15% 활성을 나타내었다. 또한 다시마, 톳, 모자반 정제 fucoidan의 항혈액응고력은 황산기의 함량이 많을 수록 증가하였으며 일정 농도이상에서는 APTT 값이 급격히 증가하는 농도 의존성올 나타내었다. This research was done to investigate functional properties of fucoidans from manne brown algae in Korea. Blood-anticoagulant activities of purified fucoidans prepared from Laminaria religiosa, sporophylls of Undaria pinnatlfida, Hijikia fusiforme and Sargassum fulvellum Were evaluated by use of PT(Prothrombin time) and APTT(Activated partial thromboplastin timehests. All purified fucoidans had no effects on PT results, but they prolonged clotting times in APTT test. Blood-coagulant time, which was measured by APTT test, of purified fucoidans from L, religiosa, H. fusiforme, S. fulvellum and U. pinnatifida were 70, 45, 40, and 39sec, respectively. Blood-coagulation times of fucoidans appeared to increase with increase in the molar ratio of ester sulfate to fucose and galactose of fucoidans. Blood-anticoagulant activities of purified fucoidans from L. religiosa, H. fushiforme and U. pinnatifidain sharply increased with increasing their concentration, but purified fucoidan from S. fulvellum is steadily incrcased.

꽃게 통발용 미끼로서의 고등어와 다랑어 내장의 이화학적 특성

구재근 ( Jae Geun Koo ),장호영 ( Ho Young Chang ) 한국어업기술학회 2014 수산해양기술연구 Vol.50 No.3

This study was conducted to investigate the attractant substances of different solvent fractions of mackerel and tuna viscera. Mackerel and tuna viscera were extracted with methanol and the resultant were fractionated with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water. The chemical compounds such as free amino acid, fatty acid, nucleotide related compounds contents were estimated for mackerel, tuna viscera and various fractions. These fractions were also subjected to attracting experiments in water tank to estimate attracting effects. The aqueous fractions of mackerel and tuna viscera showed the highest attraction effect on swimming crab. The major chemical compounds of the aqueous fractions were histidine, taurine, cysteine, glutamic acid, inosine monophosphate (IMP) and inosine (HxR) for mackerel and arginine, glutamic acid, aspartic aid, alanine, IMP and hypoxanthin (Hx). Results indicated that higher polarity compounds, such as amino acid and nucleotide related compounds have higher attraction activities than nonpolar substances such as neutral lipid.

가열 전처리 조건에 따른 톳 성분의 변화

구재근(Jae-Geun Koo),김건배(Geun-Bae Kim) 군산대학교 수산과학연구소 1998 水産科學硏究 Vol.- No.14

This study was conducted to find optimum pre-treatment method of Hijiki(Hijikia fushiformis) which is one of the most favorable seaweeds in Korea as food materials. Dried hijiki was too hard, tough and astringent and pre-treatment was needed to remove tannin and to improve its texture. To explore effective pre-treatment condition, dried hijiki was boiled or steamed with different times, and then their physicochemical and sensory characteristics were analyzed. The tissues of hijiki was generally stable to boiling and steaming. However, when hijiki was subjected to high press steaming(110℃) thermal breakdown appeared to occur after 10 min, resulting in decolorization and deformation. Arsenic was rapidly removed during heat treatments, 71 % at steaming for 5 min, and 63% at boiling for 30 min. Removal rate of tannin is slower than that of arsenic, 44% of tannin was removed at boiling for 10 min and 37% of tannin was removed at steaming for 3 hours. Dietary fiber and iron were generally stable to both heat treatments, iron was slightly decreased and soluble dietary fiber was slightly increased during steaming for 3 hours. Considering sensory characteristics and the contents of dietary fiber, iron, tannin, and arsenic, the most effective heating conditions were boiling for 10 minutes and steaming for 3 hours.

가시파래 산성 수용성 다당의 구성당 결합 특성

구재근(Jae-Geun KOO),최용석(Yong-Seok CHOI),하진환(Jin-Hwan HA) 군산대학교 수산과학연구소 2004 군산대학교 수산과학연구소 연구논문집 Vol.5 No.-

Green laver, Enteromorpha prolifera, is regarded as one of important materials for food processing in Korea. The acidic water-soluble polysaccharide (CPC- PS) isolated from the alga with hot water and cetylpyridium chloride was mainly constituted of rhamnose, xylose, uronic acid and sulfate. To determine the glycosyl-linkages and positions of sulfate by methylation, the CPC- PS was reduced and/or sulfated. A marked increase of glucose content in the reduced polysaccharide indicated that glucuronic acid was a major sugar in the polymer and sulfation was deduced to occur on 03 of rhamnose and 02 of xylose. According to the methylation analysis of the native, reduced, desulfated and reduced-desulfated polymers, CPC- PS mainly composed of 1,4- and 1,2,3-linked rhamnose 3-sulfate, 1,4-linked xylose 2-sulfate, l,4-linked xylose and 1,4-linked glucuronic acid. Minor 1,4-linked rhamnose and 1,4,6-linked galactose residues were also detected.