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만성신장병환자에서 apixaban과 warfarin의 안전성 비교: 체계적 문헌고찰 및 메타분석
남재현,김채영,이유경,정다움,곽혜영,정지은 한국임상약학회 2021 한국임상약학회지 Vol.31 No.2
Background: Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at a high risk of stroke-related morbidity, mortality, and bleeding. However, the overall risk/benefit of anticoagulant therapy among patients with CKD remains unclear. Methods: The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases were comprehensively searched until July 31, 2020, to investigate the safety and efficacy of apixaban in patients with stage 4 or 5 CKD, as compared with warfarin. The primary outcome was an incidence of major bleeding. Secondary outcomes included composite bleeding (major, clinically relevant, and minor bleeding), venous thromboembolism (VTE), stroke, and death. Results: In total, seven studies consisting of 10,816 patients were included. Compared with warfarin, apixaban was associated with a reduced risk of major bleeding (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.41-0.58). In terms of composite bleeding, apixaban tended to pose a significantly lower risk than warfarin (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.37-0.71). There was no difference between apixaban and warfarin with respect to the risk of stroke or death (stroke: OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.49-3.12; death: OR 0.73, 95% CI 0.45- 1.18). Conclusion: Among patients with stage 4 or 5 CKD, the use of apixaban was associated with a lower risk of bleeding compared to warfarin and was also found to pose no excess risk of thromboembolic events.
裵澈秀,남재현 관동대학교 1991 關大論文集 Vol.19 No.2
In this paper, Korean digits uttered by an unknown speaker are recognized through a speaker adaptive method which uses a mapped codebook. The mapped codebook is made by linear-combining a codebook of a standard speaker with a histoaram of vector eorroepondeneo obtained from dynamic time warping process between training words welch is vector-quantized. As a result of testing this speaker-adaptive method rout Korean digits spoken by two males and a female, the recognition rate is about two times of that unusing the speaker-adaptive method, and the number of training words can be less than that of whose digits.