環境物質의 濃度勾配가 Spirodela polyrhiza 個體群의 生長 및 生産性에 미치는 影響

宋承達,韓甲祚,金義守 慶北大學校 自然科學大學 1985 自然科學論文集 Vol.3 No.-

Effects of the concentration gradients of several environmental ions on S.polyrhiza population were investigated in respect of toxicity and tolerance, growth rate responses, chlorophyll contents. photosynthesis and respiratory activities. Heavy metal ions of Cd, Co, Cu, Cr and Hg showed strong toxicity at 1ppm level on the population growth, whereas the treatment with Pb showed tolerance at 10ppm level. B, Fe and Mn sitmulated the population growth at 0.01∼0.1ppm level, and Hiti restrained the population growth at 100ppm level. The relative growth rate of the population showed a cyclic change with 4 days interval. The maximum RGR was found with 0.01ppm level of B, Mn and Zn. The maximum chlorophyll content attained 102.2mg·g^-1 with 1 ppm Mn treatment and the minimum showed 59.4mg·g^-1 with 1ppm Cu treatment. The maximum photosynthetic rate was 0.40mg O_2·50 fronds^-1·hr^-1 with 1ppm Mn treatment , while no apparent photosynthesis was observed with 1ppm treatments of Cu, Cd and Hg. The maximum and minimum respiratory rates of 0.30 and 0.08mg O_2·50fronds^-1·hr^-1 were observed with 1ppm treatements of Hiti and Mn, respectively.

Azospirillum amazonense Y1의 窒素固定活性의 調節

宋承達,柳勝元 慶北大學校 自然科學大學 1986 自然科學論文集 Vol.4 No.-

A. amazonese Y1의 질소고정효소활성에 대하여 산소, 암모니움 그리고 MSX의 조절기작을 고찰하였다. 질소고정효소활성의 최대치는 0.2Kpa의 산소농도에서 있었고, 혐기상태나 고농도의 산소조건에서는 저해를 받아 8Kpa의 산소농도까지 점차적으로 감소하였으며, 이때 다시 저농도의 산소를 유지하면 가역적으로 높은 활성을 나타내었다. 암모니움에 의한 질소고정효소활성의 억제는 350m mole 농도까지 점차로 부분적 억제를 보였으나 산소소모량에는 영향이 없었다. 질소고정효소활성을 조절하는 GS의 저해제인 MSX는 in vitro에서 1m mole에 의해 GS를 33%로 감소시켰으나, in vivo에서는 MSX의 흡수가 잘 일어나지 않으므로 0.1m mole에 의해 92%를 유지하는 부분적 억제를 보였다. 암모니움의 처리전과 1m mole처리후의 Fe단백질은 SDS-PAGE에 의해 modification이 없는 2개의 밀접된 서브유닛트를 나타내었다. Regulation and mechanism of the nitrogenase activity of Azospirillum amazonense Y1 were investigated with various concentrations of oxygen, ammonium and MSX. The maximum nitrogenase activity was obtained with 0.2 Kpa oxygen, and a reversible inhibition of the nitrogenase activity appeared with high concentration of oxygen(8 Kpa). Ammonium caused a gradual inhibition of the nitrogenase activity up to 350 mmole of NH_4Cl, but showed little effect on oxygen consumption. The glutamine synthetase inhibitor MSX caused 67% decrease of the in vitro GS by 1m mole, but only 8% decrease of the in vivo GS. The inhibition of nitrogenase activity by ammonium was only partial, and no transition period could be observed. The in vitro nitrogenase activity of ammonium treated cells was not decreased and no evidence for a modified Fe protein subunit was found. Nitrogenase extracts were active and had a Fe protein that migrated as a close double band on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.

남조류의 생육조건과 질소고정활성의 조절 및 유전자 구성의 특징

宋承達,鄭濬 경북대학교 과학교육연구소 1990 科學敎育硏究誌 Vol.14 No.-

Cyanobacteria respond to nitrogen starvation with numberous complex changes in cell structure, metabolism and gene expression. During heterocyst development synthesis of new cell components, including a three layered envelope, and reorganization of preexisting structures may be observed. The present cyanobacterial collections from water systems of many moors, ponds, lakes, rivers, springs and rice paddies located in Kyungpook area included 73 Species from 24 Genera, 7 Families, 5 Orders of Cyanophyceae. Among the investigated species, the most dominant cyanobacteria indicating specific environmental adaptations were Chroococus spp., Microcystis spp., Merismopedium spp. and Oscillatoria spp. respectively for oligotrophic, mesotrophic and eutrophic conditions. And the important nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria were Anabaena sp., Anabaenopsis sp. and Nostoc sp. etc. The nitrogenase activities in situ were ranged in 1-5 nM C_2H_4/100 ml.hr. Using enrichment method of nitrogen fixing cyanobacteria, we analyzed the effects of various environmental factors on the nitrogenase activities of the Anabaena cultures. The nif H, nif D and nif K operon of cyanobacteria encodes the nitrogenase reductase and the two subunits of nitrogenase. In vegetative cells, nif D open reading frame is interrupted by an 11-kbp region known as the nif D elements. Upon induction of heterocyst development, the chromosomes of a population of heterocysts appear to rearrange completely.

大邱 앞산 半自然草地群落의 一次生産性과 生長解析

宋承達,南相朝 경북대학교 교육대학원 1985 논문집 Vol.17 No.-

The primary productivity and growth analyses in the course of population development in the semi-natural grassland of Mt. ApSan were investigated on the basis of the changes of successive profiles of the productive structures during the growth period in 1983. The populations of Arundinella hirta and Artemisia japonica were dominant and sudominant species, respectively. 1. The characteristics of the soil properties ranged 1.5∼1.7% for total nitrogen, 0.52∼0.93ppm for NO_3^-, 0.03∼0.06ppm for NO_2^-, 0.50∼1.85ppm for NH_4^+, 0.70∼2.60ppm for PO_4^= and 4∼6 for pH. 2. The maximum values of the plant height, the leaf area index and the standing crop of the Arundinella hirta population were 98㎝, 4.7, and 846gDM/㎡, respectively on 25th of September. 3. The changes of the water content of each organ ranged 70∼90%, 59∼75% and 51∼70% for leaves, stems and roots, respectively during the growth period. 4. The changes of F/C and T/R ratios ranged 0.17∼1.25 and 04∼4.5, indicating higher values in comparison with perenial grassland communities. 5. The maximun values of RGR, NAR and CGR were 32㎎ DM/g/day in early June, 4g DM/㎡/day and 19.1g DM/㎡/day in late September, respectively. 6. The profile changes of the productive structure showed the pattern of graminous plant type. The maximum values of net productions attained 286.8g DM/㎡/2weeks in early August and 905.8g DM/㎡/year through the growth period. 7. The time trends of the distribution ratios of net production to each organ showed the maximum values of 80%, 72%, 42%, and 54%, respectively for leaves, stems, roots and flowers. 8. The changes of turnover rates showed the maximum values of 45.8%/2weeks and 9.8%/2weeks, respectively for the inflow (Rin) the outflow (Rout) rates. 9. The maximum amount of the standing crop of the subdominant species, Artemisia japonica population, was 9.3g DM/㎡ on 25th of September. The T/R ratio and RGR of the population ranged 0.2∼1.3 and 0.8∼15㎎ DM/㎡/day, respectively.

무연탄 분말의 사과나무 생산성에 미치는 영향 (1)

宋承達,李容夏,鄭三澤,黃正儀 慶北大學校 1974 論文集 Vol.18 No.-

Effects of coal powder on the apple productivity were investigated from the plant eco-physiological point of view. 1) Light absorption by the dispersion of 10, 30 and 50g/㎡ of 54μ meshed coal powder was 42, 82 and 94% of the incident light, respectively. 2) Leaf area index of the coal treated apple tree on June (nearly maximum) was slightly larger than that of the control plant, i.e., 4.5-5.0 for Jonathan and 5.5-6.0 for Rolls Janet. Relative light intensity under this apple leaf population declined to 3.4-2.4% on June 26, 1974. 3) Application of coal powder on apple tree resulted in an increase of specific leaf area. 4) Assimilation rate measured by the half leaf method showed a decreased rate in the treated leaf. 5) Transpiration rate decreased by 9.6% on the coal powdered leaf. 6) Surplus photosynthesis of the apple leaf population was 31.1-32.7g/㎡/day from the estimation by the formula of Monsi-Saeki. 7) Growth rate of fruit diameter and shoot length showed the obstructive effect of coal treated apple tree. 8) Rate of June drop of the coal treated apple (50g/㎡) increased 11.0-15.7% as compared with that of the control plant.

식물군락의 영양단계, 수분대사 및 1차 생산성과 생태계발달에 관한 연구

송승달 慶北大學校 自然科學大學 1982 自然科學論文集 Vol.1 No.-

Utilizations of biological resources and conservation of natural ecosystem are recognized to be important projects recently and must be investigated through structure and function of communities and their interrelations with environmental factors. Development of natural productive communities can be established through the efficient utilization of matter cycling and energy flow and by the optimum adaptation to physical and chemical environments. We expect the environmental conditions at an early stage of plant succession would be a severe one, but it becomes necessary to investigate the actual effect of a particular environmental component on the life of a plant in order to confirm our expectations. With regard to nutrient gradients and water relations, such an approach was recently taken in an old-field succession. For the casual understanding of the geographical distribution of plant species the variation of primary growth characters, leaf area growth, transpiration rates, R/R ratios, distributional patterns and reproduction processes of each species through the environmental treatments of nutrient gradients made by Boysen Jensen medium of 0,1,2,3,6,10 and 20 times concentrations of the standard must be followed throughout their whole growing period. We have some useful informations concerned in eco-physiological phenomena of herbs and grasses, I.e., leguminous soybean, nonleguminous sunflower and gramineous corn plants

數種植物의 生長에 미치는 機械的 刺戟의 影響

宋承達,柳勝元 慶北大學校 自然科學大學 1987 自然科學論文集 Vol.5 No.-

An investigation was carried on the effect of mechanical stimulus on the stem elongation, leaf area growth and chlorophyll content of several annual and perennial plants. Mechanical stimulus was treated with different frequencies of 0, 10, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 times every day by touching and pressing on the stems and leaves. All the plants showed a gradual inhibition for the stem elongation, leaf area expansion and chlorophyll synthesis by the increased treatment. Herbaceous plants of Glycine max and Commelina communis, showed the most sensitivity for the treatments and died with treatment of 120 and 150 stimuli per day in the later growth period. but C. communis showed an enhancement of growth in the treatment of 10 stimuli per day. Forsythia koreana, a perennial woody plant showed more tolerance for the treatments than Vitis vinifera, a climbing plant. The main factor of the effect seemed to be ethylene synthesized during the treatment of mechanical stimulus.

보리근권으로부터 질소고정균 Azospirillum spp.의 분리 및 생육특성분석

송승달,박노윤 慶北大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.49 No.-

To identify the existence of N_2-fixing bacteria that fix nitrogen associatively and micro-aerobically in the rhizosphere of barley plant, we isolated two Azospirillum spp. strains by use of semisolid NFb medium from barely roots, measured growth characteristics with various carbon sources, nitrogen sources, pH gradients and salt treatments and compared with those of known strains of A. lipoferum 708 and A. anazonense Y1. The growth of A. lipoferum Kpl was inhibited in the medium containing sucrose than glucose as carbon sources, A lipoferum 708 showed similar growth for each of malate, glucose, fructose or sucrose containing medium. A. amazonense Kbl showed growth differences characteristically in order of malate, glucose, fructose and sucrose with 5mM NH_4Cl added minimal medium. A. lipoferum Kpl and A. lipoferum 708 showed slight differences of growth when NH_4Cl and KNO-3 were added, but the growth of A. amazonense Kbl was inhibited with 1mM KNO-3 in minimal medium. A. lipoferum Kpl showed different growth among gradients in order of pH 6, 6.8, and 8 when malate was used as carbon source, but showed similar growth curve with pH 6, 6.8 and 8 as A. lipoferum 708 when glucose was used as carbon source. A. amazonense Kb1 showed a sharp decrease to growth in order of pH 6, 6.8, and 8 when malate was used in stead of glucose as carbon source. A. lipoferum Kp1 showed a well growth even by a 250mM NaCl treatment. A. lipoferum 708 and A. amazonense Kbl showed growth inhibitions by 100 and 250mM NaCl treatments.

해바라기의 初期成長過程에 미치는 光條件 및 營養段階의 影響

宋承達,徐惠愛 慶北大學校 1986 論文集 Vol.41 No.-

To elucidate the mechanism of the early development of plant community, the important factors on the primary productivity and growth characteristics of Helianthus annuus L. "Taiyo" were investigated with treatments of nutrient gradients of 0, 1, 3, 10 and 20 fold concentrations of the standard Boysen-Jensen medium under natural light and shading conditions. The maximum growth of plant height, leaf area and dry-matter standing crop was obtained in the medium of 3 fold B. J. concentration. The C/F ratio showed the smallest value on 18th day after sowing, the LA/R and T/R ratios in the shading condition increased 2-3 times as high as those in the natural light, indicating the reduced growth rate of root system. The distributional ratios of dry-matter to each organ showed different patterns in natural light and shading- conditions, and reduced in the root system with higher nutrient gradients. The maximum values of RGR and NAR were 0.241 g·dw·g^-1·day^-1 and 15·6×10 exp (-3)㎎·dw·dm^-2·day^-1 with the treatment of B. J. 10 gradient, respectively during 11-18 and 18-25 days after sowing. But the values under shading condition were as those under natural light. The assimilation of total nitrogen quantity showed the maximum with the treatments of B. J. 3 and B. J. 10 gradients under natural light and shading conditions, respectively. The C/N ratio decreased from 30 in the control stand to 13 in the stands with higher nutrient gradients, and it decreased to 10 in the shading condition. The changes of C/F (3.5-8.4) and T/R (5-70) ratios of total nitrogen quantity showed extremely high values along the gradient treatments in comparing with those of dry-matter. The RGR and NAR of total nitrogen quantity showed similar patterns with those of dry-matter along the gradient treatments.

Anabaena PCC 7120의 窒素固定活性에 미치는 環境要因의 影響

宋承達,崔順德 慶北大學校 1990 論文集 Vol.50 No.-

The growth and yield of heterocyst of nitrogen fixing cyanobacterium Anabaena PCC 7120 by the minimal medium of Allen and Arnon(l/8) were twice higher than those by the medium of BG 11 under optimum environmental conditions. The induction of the heterocyst after 24 hours of cultivation of vegetative cells with the starvation of nitrogen sources resulted in the initiation of the nitrogenase activity. The optimum nitrogenase activity was obtained in the nitrogen free minimal cultures with anaerobic, pH8, 35℃, 7000lux and 120rpm conditions. A significant inhibition was appeared by the aeration, low pH, low temperatures and dark conditions. The addition of NH^+_4, NO^-_3 and NaCl inhibited the nitrogenase activity of Anabaena PCC 7120 and the concentrations for 50% inhibition of the activities were 0.04, 0.20 and 50mM, respectively. The treatments of several toxic heavy metals inhibited significantly the nitrogenase activity by the range of 0.1∼0.6ppm levels and the toxicity was in the order of Co^++>Cd^++>Hg^++>Zn^++>Pb^++.