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(Brian J . Whelan),(Michael R . Norton),(Jonathan Clark) 한국수처리학회 1996 한국수처리학회지 Vol.4 No.4
Goverments have traditionally fulfilled their responsibilities for the provision of basic community needs by the financing and management of the infrastructure which provides it. In recent year, a new approach has been adopted for the provision of such facilities adopting the Build, Operate, transfer(BOT)concept. This paper describes, the BOT concept, typical structure and management of the process. It then deals with the essemtials of risk, the proper allocation of which is the key to successm and outline the application of BOT concepts to the implementation of Water/Wastwater Treatment Plants. Finally, it summarises the effestiveness of those undertaken to date and suggests lessons for the future.
Jason Ah Chin,Mauricio Garcia,Jeffrey Cote,Ellen Mulcahy,Jonathan Clarke,Ahmed Elshaer 한국풍공학회 2022 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.34 No.3
The resiliency of electricity transmission and distribution lines towards natural and man-made hazards is critical to the operation of cities and businesses. The extension of these lines throughout the country increases their risk of extreme loading conditions. This paper investigates a unique extreme loading condition of a 100-year old distribution line segment that passes across a river and got entangled with a boom of a ship. The study adopts the Applied Elements Method (AEM) for simulating 54 cases of the highly deformable structural behaviour of the tower. The most significant effects on the tower’s structural integrity were found to occur when applying the load with components in all three of the cartesian directions (i.e., X, Y and Z) with the full capacities of the four cables. The studied extreme loading condition was determined to be within the tower’s structural capacity, attributed to the shear failure of the anchor bolts, which acted as a sacrificing element that fails to protect the transfer of tensioning load to the supporting tower.
Stem cells act through multiple mechanisms to benefit mice with neurodegenerative metabolic disease
Lee, Jean-Pyo,Jeyakumar, Mylvaganam,Gonzalez, Rodolfo,Takahashi, Hiroto,Lee, Pei-Jen,Baek, Rena C,Clark, Dan,Rose, Heather,Fu, Gerald,Clarke, Jonathan,McKercher, Scott,Meerloo, Jennifer,Muller, Franz- Nature Publishing Group 2007 Nature medicine Vol.13 No.4
Intracranial transplantation of neural stem cells (NSCs) delayed disease onset, preserved motor function, reduced pathology and prolonged survival in a mouse model of Sandhoff disease, a lethal gangliosidosis. Although donor-derived neurons were electrophysiologically active within chimeric regions, the small degree of neuronal replacement alone could not account for the improvement. NSCs also increased brain β-hexosaminidase levels, reduced ganglioside storage and diminished activated microgliosis. Additionally, when oral glycosphingolipid biosynthesis inhibitors (β-hexosaminidase substrate inhibitors) were combined with NSC transplantation, substantial synergy resulted. Efficacy extended to human NSCs, both to those isolated directly from the central nervous system (CNS) and to those derived secondarily from embryonic stem cells. Appreciating that NSCs exhibit a broad repertoire of potentially therapeutic actions, of which neuronal replacement is but one, may help in formulating rational multimodal strategies for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.