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Funasaka, Yoko Korean Society of Photoscience 2002 Journal of Photosciences Vol.9 No.2
Epidermal cells produce a panel of antioxidants as well as cytokines after UVB irradiation, which counteract reactive oxygen species, however, how these antioxidants might regulate melanogenesis is unclear. An important constituent of the cellular antioxidant buffering system which controls the redox state of proteins is thioredoxin (TRX), a 13-kD protein that catalyzes thiol-disulfide exchange reactions, regulates activation of transcription factors, and possesses several other biological functions similar to cytokines. TRX suppressed the UVB-induced production and secretion of $\alpha$-melanocyte stimulating hormone ($\alpha$-MSH) and of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and also suppressed proopiomelanocortin (POMC) mRNA expression by normal human keratinocyte (KC)s. Further, L-cysteine, N-acetyl-cysteine, $\alpha$-tocopheryl ferulate showed suppressive effect on UVB-induced POMC mRNA expression. However, TRX released from UVB-irradiated KCs stimulated melanogenesis by up-regulating MSH receptor expression and its binding activity in melanocyte (MC)s. UVB-induced KC derived cytokines such as IL1, IL6, and ET1 upregulated MSH-receptor binding ability as well as MCl-R mRNA expression in cultured normal human MCs. MCl-R has a tendency to be upregulated by UVB-induced KC-derived cytokines as well as by direct UVB irradiation. These results suggest that antioxidants such as TRX suppresses UVB induction of POMC, but in the case of MCl-R, this gene can be mainly in the trend of upregulation by UVB-induced KC-derived factors including TRX.
Efficacy evaluation on whitening cosmetics in Japan
( Yoko Funasaka ) 대한화장품학회 2002 대한화장품학회지 Vol.28 No.3
미백제는 기미와 태양광선노출에 의한 색소침착반과 같은 색소불균형이 주로 나타나는 동양 여성들에 특히 관심이 많다. 이러한 색소침착의 불균형은 UV에 의해 더 심해지기 때문에 미백제는 멜라닌합성을 억제시키거나 UV에 의해 활성화된 signal을 억제함으로써 효과가 나타난다. Eumelanin은 UV에 의해 유도된 DNA 손상을 보호하므로 UV에 의해 유도된 DNA손상을 감소시키는 물질이 이상적인 미백제가 된다. 새롭게 합성된 항산화제인 α-tocophenyl ferulate의 효과는 UV에 의해 손상된 DNA damage에 의한 보호 효과와 멜라닌 합성을 억제시킴으로서 나타난다. Chemical peeling과 복합적으로 색소 반점을 치료하는 lightning agent의 효과에 대한 결과를 보고하였으며 색소 반점의 개선을 정량적으로 평가하는 새롭게 개발된 facial image analyzer를 소개할 것이다. Whitening agents are eagerly demanded especially by oriental women who often suffers from the pigmentary disorders such as melasma and solar lentigines. As these pigmentary disorders are exacerbated by ultraviolet (UV), the whitening agents could exert its effect not only by inhibiting melanin synthesis but also by inhibiting UV activated signals. Eumelanin protects UV-induced DNA damages so that the chemicals which could reduce UV-induced DNA damages might be the ideal lightening agents. The effect of newly synthesized antioxidants, a-tocopheryl ferulate, on protective effect for UV-induced DNA damages as well as inhibiting melanin synthesis are briefly shown. For clinical evaluation, our results of the efficacy of lightening agents on treating pigment macules in combination with chemical peeling are shown. Furthermore, newly developed facial image analyzers to quantitatively evaluate the improvement of pigment macules are introduced.