http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Production Specialization and Trade Blocs
( Deng Shing Huang ),( Yo Yi Huang ),( Ying Chih Sun ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2006 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.21 No.3
Using the clustering analysis and gravity model, this paper investigates the evolution of likely trade-bloc phenomenon for the textile industry and the automatic data processing industry for the last three decades. For the textile industry, a significant two-bloc phenomenon could be identified, one declining bloc mainly composed of the European countries, and the other rising bloc of countries around Pacific Rim. For the automatic data processing industry, only one trade bloc could be identified. However, the core countries have gradually changed from those of Europe and USA to the countries of East Asia over the period.
Technology Advantage and Home-market Effect: An Empirical Investigation
( Deng Shing Huang ),( Yo Yi Huang ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소(구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2011 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.26 No.1
According to the conventional home-market effect, free trade tends to shrink the market share for a small economy in differentiated manufacturing goods, and in the extreme leads to a complete hollowing-out of the industry in a small economy. This paper considers the technology difference between countries using the standard Helpman-Krugman model. We will show that the home-market effect can be offset and even reversed if the smaller economy is characterized by better technology. The effect of a technology advantage is composed of two parts: a direct effect from lower unit costs that leads to a higher output level of each firm, and an indirect effect through a change of survival firms after trade. Based on theoretical results we derive the gravity equation to undertake empirical tests on the hypothesis of home-market effect, and direct and indirect technology effects using the stock of each country`s patent registered in US in 2002 for six industries ranging from the most technology-intensive semiconductor industry to the most labor-intensive apparel and clothing industry. Empirical results show that the degree of home-market effect varies from industry to industry. The reversal of the home-market effect due to counteracting direct and indirect technology effects is more likely to occur in technology-intensive industries. In this regards, any technology improving policy like R&D subsidies is always justifiable especially for a small open economy and for high-tech industries to prevent from being marginalized by a large economy.
Evolution of the Textile Production Chain in East Asia from the Hub-Spoke Structure Viewpoint
Tzu-Han Yang,Deng-Shing Huang,Yo-Yi Huang 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2020 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.35 No.4
This research utilizes hub-spoke analysis to trace the evolution of the textile production chain in East Asia during the period of world textile trade liberalization. We identify two different types of hubs via the functions they perform and track their shifting paths. The results illustrate that the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)-6 is a growing base for final products, while China has successfully shifted from downstream to mid- and upstream production. Although Japan’s hubness is decreasing in both the up- and midstream sectors, it reversed these disadvantages after 2004 and has reinforced its hub status in both areas. It appears that a tri-cycle momentum system is evolving, with each power wheel having its own leading position in the vertically integrated structure. At the same time, the cooperation between China and Japan through up- and midstream product trading has weakened, while that between ASEAN and Japan has grown.
Angelica dahurica attenuates melanogenesis in B16F0 cells by repressing Wnt/β-catenin signaling
Fang Chien-Liang,Goswami Debakshee,Kuo Chia-Hua,Day Cecilia Hsuan,Lin Mei-Yi,Ho Tsung-Jung,Yang Liang-Yo,Hsieh Dennis Jine-Yuan,Lin Tzu-Kai,Huang Chih-Yang 대한독성 유전단백체 학회 2023 Molecular & cellular toxicology Vol.19 No.1
Background Melanogenesis is a complex process which is tightly regulated by several enzymes. However, abnormal melanogenesis can cause severe dermatological problems. Roots of Angelica dahurica have been used for skin care as a part of traditional Chinese medicine for many generations. However, the role of A. dahurica in melanogenesis remains unclear. Objective Previous in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that NK-1R exerts positive effects in melanogenesis via the Wnt/βcatenin signaling pathway. In this study, we investigated the effects of A. dahurica ethanol extract (ADE) on NK-1R and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, and evaluated the effect of NK-1R on melanogenesis in B16F0 cells. Results Angelica dahurica ethanol extract efficiently downregulated Neurokinin-1 receptor and Wnt/β-catenin signaling by decreasing the expression of β-catenin, MITF, LEF-1, TYR, TRP1, and TRP2 and increasing the expression of GSK3β, which resulted from the weakened expression of the Neurokinin-1 receptor inhibitor [Sar9,Met(O2 )11]-Substance P (SMSP). Furthermore, the intracellular melanin assay and cellular tyrosinase activity confirmed these findings. Conclusion This study suggests that ADE has potential to downregulate Neurokinin-1 receptor in SMSP-induced B16F0 cells, thereby repressing the Wnt/β-catenin signaling and reduces melanin production.