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Technological Progress Through Trade Liberalization in Transition Countries
( Yener Kandogan ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2004 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.19 No.4
Liberalization increases competitive pressures on domestic firms, creating incentives for reducing costs of production through technological progress. Through this channel, backward countries get a chance to narrow the technological gap with advanced countries. In this paper, the case of transition countries is analyzed. A model of oligopolistic firms` strategic decision on R&D is developed to motivate the empirical analysis. The results suggest that initial conditions on size of the gap, and openness, as well as the stage of the market reforms, in particular, rate of liberalization and structure of markets are important factors in narrowing the technology gap.
( Yener Kandogan ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 (구 세종대학교 국제경제연구소) 2008 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.23 No.1
The slow pace of multilateral negotiations has given a greater impetus to regional trade arrangements (RTA) as countries are eager to take advantage of welfare enhancing trade creation effect of trade liberalization. At the same time, this approach raises concerns as due their discriminatory nature, RTAs lead to welfare reducing trade diversion from third countries. The paper develops a modified triple-indexed gravity model to measure the trade creation and diversion effects of the preferential trade agreements in the Euro-Mediterranean region. The model is applied to different components of imports, since the welfare implications of each component is expected to be different. Using these measures, the paper proceeds to look for evidence for the Natural Trade Partners Theory using three definitions of natural partners. Results show that there is support for the theory when geographical distance or initial trade volumes are used to define naturalness only for intra-industry components. Stronger support is found when complementarity is used to identify natural partners.
Trade Creation and Diversion Effects of Europe's Regional Liberalization Agreements
Yener Kandogan 한국국제경제학회 2009 International Economic Journal Vol.23 No.4
After a short review of recent developments in gravity modeling and an overview of the liberalization agreements in Europe, this paper measures the trade creation and diversion effects of major European agreements based on the results of a correctly specified triple-indexed gravity model with bilateral fixed effects. Discussion of the resulting trade creation and diversion focuses on the role of partner and non-partner country characteristics including size and relative factor endowments, as well as date, reciprocity, industry coverage, and rate of liberalization characteristics of the agreement.