http://chineseinput.net/에서 pinyin(병음)방식으로 중국어를 변환할 수 있습니다.
변환된 중국어를 복사하여 사용하시면 됩니다.
Principles for Personalized Instruction
( William R. Watson ),( Sunnie Lee Watson ) 한국교육공학회 2017 한국교육공학회 학술대회발표자료집 Vol.2017 No.1
Personalized instruction has taken on an increased importance in modern society that has not yet been reflected in actual substantive changes to our educational systems. Current information-age societies require critical thinkers and life-long learners, educational outcomes less likely to be developed in a time-based system and therefore requiring a system of education focused on student learning and mastery of skills and knowledge (McCombs & Whisler, 1997; Reigeluth & Watson, 2008). Such transformation of education requires personalization of instruction. This paper draws from the literature to define personalization and formulate an instructional theory and principles for the instructional design of personalized learning. The paper covers learning theory that forms the basis for personalized instruction as well as existing models in the literature. It then describes the values behind personalized instruction before identifying universal principles. These principles include personalized instructional goals, personalized task environment, personalized scaffolding of instruction, personalized assessment of performance and learning, and personalized reflection.