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- 저자 : ( Usman Habib ) (검색결과 4 건)
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Ranking Sensitive Calibrating Parameters of UBC Watershed Model
Usman Ali Naeem,Habib-ur-Rehman,Hashim Nisar Hashmi,Abdul Sattar Shakir,Abdul Razzaq Ghumman,Muhammad Ali Shamim 대한토목학회 2015 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.19 No.5
Almost in all hydrological models, calibrating parameters are tuned to best match the simulated results with the observed. In the present study sensitivity analysis was carried on the fifteen calibrating parameters of University of British Columbia Watershed Model (UBCWM). The study focuses to impart information to the modelers while calibrating UBCWM. To achieve the objectives of the study, UBC Watershed Model was applied on Chitral watershed in Pakistan. UBC Watershed Model is a semi distributed Hydrological model which divides the entire watershed in several elevation bands. The model was calibrated for the year 2006 with the coefficient of efficiency as well as the coefficient of determination equal to 0.94. The numerical values of the calibrating parameters were changed by increasing 20% and then by decreasing 20% of the standard calibrated values one by one. Sensitivity of the model was evaluated by computing the Absolute Sensitivity Index for each parameter. The sensitivity analysis results showed that the P0SREPO as the most sensitive parameter with 3.31525 Absolute Sensitivity Index (ASI) whereas C0IMPA found to be least sensitive giving a value of 0.0452 as Absolute Sensitivity Index (ASI). The logical trends in the results of sensitivity analysis show the robustness of the model.
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Flow Trends in River Chitral due to Different Scenarios of Glaciated Extent
Usman Ali Naeem,Hashim Nisar Hashmi,Habib-ur-Rehman,Abdul Sattar Shakir 대한토목학회 2013 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.17 No.1
Glaciers are considerably important machinery which is necessary to keep the equilibrium of the earth. The rapid boost in the mean temperatures of the globe and abnormal precipitations are the direct warnings for glaciers to survive. Mostly the perennial rivers of the world emerge from glaciers. In an agricultural country like Pakistan the existence of the glaciers is of prime importance. The major river of the country originates from the Himalayan and Karakorum glaciated mountains. River Indus is a vital example. Moreover the mega and world renowned Tarbela dam also exists on the same river. This can be surly concluded that the future of a country is directly associated with the flows available in the rivers and hence the existence of glaciers. The rapid disintegration of the glaciers has been reported throughout the world which is obviously not a healthy sign. Therefore, a careful study is required to estimate the variations of the flows with the receding glaciers. As a case study, Chitral watershed in Pakistan has been selected. The UBC watershed model has been used to forecast the flows. The model was calibrated for the daily flows observed in 2009 at Chitral stream gauging station. The percentage contributions to the total annual flow were simulated as 23%, 31%, 1% and 45% due to glacier melt, snow melt, rain-fall runoff and groundwater, respectively for year 2009. Model results were validated for the flows of year 2006 and 2007. The further analysis was performed by assuming reduction in glaciated areas and considering the climatological conditions same as observed in year 2009. The model results show that a significant decrease in the flows of Chitral River appears due to the assumed reduction of glaciated extent.
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Novel Secure Hybrid Image Steganography Technique Based on Pattern Matching
( Ali Hamza ),( Danish Shehzad ),( Muhammad Shahzad Sarfraz ),( Usman Habib ),( Numan Shafi ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2021 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.15 No.3
The secure communication of information is a major concern over the internet. The information must be protected before transmitting over a communication channel to avoid security violations. In this paper, a new hybrid method called compressed encrypted data embedding (CEDE) is proposed. In CEDE, the secret information is first compressed with Lempel Ziv Welch (LZW) compression algorithm. Then, the compressed secret information is encrypted using the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) symmetric block cipher. In the last step, the encrypted information is embedded into an image of size 512 × 512 pixels by using image steganography. In the steganographic technique, the compressed and encrypted secret data bits are divided into pairs of two bits and pixels of the cover image are also arranged in four pairs. The four pairs of secret data are compared with the respective four pairs of each cover pixel which leads to sixteen possibilities of matching in between secret data pairs and pairs of cover pixels. The least significant bits (LSBs) of current and imminent pixels are modified according to the matching case number. The proposed technique provides double-folded security and the results show that stego image carries a high capacity of secret data with adequate peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and lower mean square error (MSE) when compared with existing methods in the literature.
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There's No Such Thing as Free Lunch but Envy among Young Facebookers
( Tassawar Iqbal ),( Muhammad Tariq Yousafzai ),( Sabeen Ali ),( Kinza Sattar ),( Muhammad Qaiser Saleem ),( Usman Habib ),( Atta Ur Rehman Khan ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2018 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.12 No.10
Facebook has quickly infused across cultures worldwide to become a common household term for diverse spectra of netizens, especially youngsters. Inherently, interactive in nature, Facebook provides a common cyber enabled platform for online interactions with social friends, living across the world. However, despite its merits, users also experience certain disadvantages, which include but are not limited to rise in feelings of social comparison, decline in self-esteem, contentment and general subjective well-being. This work aims to determine the role of Facebook in spreading envy and identify factors that trigger such emotions. Due to abductive nature of the study, we used pilot interviews and consulted relevant literature to formulate hypotheses. Further, we used deductive approach and conducted a survey. The results showed that frequent use of Facebook, particularly passive following is main predictor of envy, and social interaction is the biggest cause for development of envious feelings in Facebook users. However, insignificant variation was found while investigating relationship between envy and factors, such as pretentiousness, time spent, accomplishment, everything in life, likes on posts, popularity across genders, marital status and genre.
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