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RISS 인기검색어
- 검색키워드
- 저자 : ( Toku Takahashi ) (검색결과 3 건)
- 무료
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Review : Mechanism of Interdigestive Migrating Motor Complex
( Toku Takahashi ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회(구 대한소화관운동학회) 2012 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.18 No.3
Migrating motor complex (MMC) is well characterized by the appearance of gastrointestinal contractions in the interdigestive state. This review article discussed the mechanism of gastrointestinal MMC. Luminal administration of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) initiates duodenal phase II followed by gastrointestinal phase III with a concomitant increase of plasma motilin release in conscious dogs. Duodenal 5-HT concentration is increased during gastric phase II and phase III. Intravenous infusion of motilin increases luminal 5-HT content and induces gastrointestinal phase III. 5-HT4 antagonists significantly inhibits both of gastric and intestinal phase III, while 5-HT3 antagonists inhibited only gastric phase III. These suggest that gastrointestinal MMC cycle is mediated via the interaction between motilin and 5-HT by the positive feedback mechanism. Gastric MMC is regulated via vagus, 5-HT3/4 receptors and motilin, while intestinal MMC is regulated via intrinsic primary afferent neurons and 5-HT4 receptors. Stress is highly associated with the pathogenesis of functional dyspepsia. Acoustic stress attenuates gastric phase III without affecting intestinal phase III in conscious dogs, via reduced vagal activity and increased sympathetic activity. It has been shown that subset of functional dyspepsia patients show reduced vagal activity and impaired gastric phase III. The physiological importance of gastric MMC is a mechanical and chemical cleansing of the empty stomach in preparation for the next meal. The impaired gastric MMC may aggravate dyspeptic symptoms following a food ingestion. Thus, maintaining gastric MMC in the interdigestive state is an important factor to prevent the postprandial dyspeptic symptoms. (J Neurogastroenterol Motil 2012;18:246-257)
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Autonomic Nerve Regulation of Colonic Peristalsis in Guinea Pigs
( Irena Gribovskaja Rupp ),( Reji Babygirija ),( Toku Takahashi ),( Kirk Ludwig ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2014 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.20 No.2
Background/AimsColonic peristalsis is mainly regulated via intrinsic neurons in guinea pigs. However, autonomic regulation of colonic motility ispoorly understood. We explored a guinea pig model for the study of extrinsic nerve effects on the distal colon. MethodsGuinea pigs were sacrificed, their distal colons isolated, preserving pelvic nerves (PN) and inferior mesenteric ganglia (IMG), andplaced in a tissue bath. Fecal pellet propagation was conducted during PN and IMG stimulation at 10 Hz, 0.5 ms and 5 V. Distal colon was connected to a closed circuit system, and colonic motor responses were measured during PN and IMGstimulation. ResultsPN stimulation increased pellet velocity to 24.6 ± 0.7 mm/sec (n = 20), while IMG stimulation decreased it to 2.0 ± 0.2mm/sec (n = 12), compared to controls (13.0 ± 0.7 mm/sec, P < 0.01). In closed circuit experiments, PN stimulation increasedthe intraluminal pressure, which was abolished by atropine (10-6 M) and hexamethonium (10-4 M). PN stimulationreduced the incidence of non-coordinated contractions induced by NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME; 10-4 M). IMGstimulation attenuated intraluminal pressure increase, which was partially reversed by alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist(yohimbine; 10-6 M). ConclusionsPN and IMG input determine speed of pellet progression and peristaltic reflex of the guinea pig distal colon. The stimulatoryeffects of PN involve nicotinic, muscarinic and nitrergic pathways. The inhibitory effects of IMG stimulation involve alpha-2adrenoceptors.
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Regional Difference in Colonic Motility Response to Electrical Field Stimulation in Guinea Pig
( Jung Myun Kwak ),( Reji Babygirija ),( Irena Gribovskaja Rupp ),( Toku Takahashi ),( Shigeru Yamato ),( Kirk Ludwig ) 대한소화기기능성질환·운동학회 2013 Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility (JNM Vol.19 No.2
Background/Aims In isolated guinea-pig colon, we investigated regional differences in peristalsis evoked by intrinsic electrical nerve stimulation. Methods Four colonic segments from mid and distal colon of Hartley guinea pigs, were mounted horizontally in an organ bath. Measurement of pellet propulsion time, intraluminal pressure, electrical field stimulation (EFS; 0.5 ms, 60 V, 10 Hz), and response of pharmacological antagonists, were performed to isolated segments of colon to determine the mechanisms underlying peristaltic reflexes evoked by focal electrical nerve stimuli. Results In fecal pellet propulsion study, the velocity of pellet propulsion was significantly faster in the distal colon and decreased gradually to the proximal part of the mid colon. Intraluminal pressure recording studies showed that luminal infusion initiated normal peristaltic contractions (PCs) in 82% trials of the distal colon, compared to that of mid colon. In response to EFS, the incidence of PCs was significantly increased in the distal colon in contrast, the incidence of non-peristaltic contractions (NPCs) was significantly higher in the middle-mid colon, distal-mid colon and distal colon, compared to that of proximal-mid colon. Addition of L-NAME into the bath increased the frequency of NPCs. EFS failed to cause any PCs or NPCs contractions in the presence of hexamethonium, atropine or tetrodotoxin. Conclusions This study has revealed that electrical nerve stimulation of distal colon is the most likely region to elicit a peristaltic wave, com - pared with the mid or proximal colon. Our findings suggest that EFS-evoked PCs can be modulated by endogenous nitric oxide.
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