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Michalak, Anna M.,Anderson, Eric J.,Beletsky, Dmitry,Boland, Steven,Bosch, Nathan S.,Bridgeman, Thomas B.,Chaffin, Justin D.,Cho, Kyunghwa,Confesor, Rem,Daloğ,lu, Irem,DePinto, Joseph V.,Evans, M National Academy of Sciences 2013 PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF Vol.110 No.16
<P>In 2011, Lake Erie experienced the largest harmful algal bloom in its recorded history, with a peak intensity over three times greater than any previously observed bloom. Here we show that long-term trends in agricultural practices are consistent with increasing phosphorus loading to the western basin of the lake, and that these trends, coupled with meteorological conditions in spring 2011, produced record-breaking nutrient loads. An extended period of weak lake circulation then led to abnormally long residence times that incubated the bloom, and warm and quiescent conditions after bloom onset allowed algae to remain near the top of the water column and prevented flushing of nutrients from the system. We further find that all of these factors are consistent with expected future conditions. If a scientifically guided management plan to mitigate these impacts is not implemented, we can therefore expect this bloom to be a harbinger of future blooms in Lake Erie.</P>
An overview of mesoscale aerosol processes, comparisons, and validation studies from DRAGON networks
Holben, Brent N.,Kim, Jhoon,Sano, Itaru,Mukai, Sonoyo,Eck, Thomas F.,Giles, David M.,Schafer, Joel S.,Sinyuk, Aliaksandr,Slutsker, Ilya,Smirnov, Alexander,Sorokin, Mikhail,Anderson, Bruce E.,Che, Huiz Copernicus GmbH 2018 Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Vol.18 No.2
<P>Abstract. Over the past 24 years, the AErosol RObotic NETwork (AERONET) program has provided highly accurate remote-sensing characterization of aerosol optical and physical properties for an increasingly extensive geographic distribution including all continents and many oceanic island and coastal sites. The measurements and retrievals from the AERONET global network have addressed satellite and model validation needs very well, but there have been challenges in making comparisons to similar parameters from in situ surface and airborne measurements. Additionally, with improved spatial and temporal satellite remote sensing of aerosols, there is a need for higher spatial-resolution ground-based remote-sensing networks. An effort to address these needs resulted in a number of field campaign networks called Distributed Regional Aerosol Gridded Observation Networks (DRAGONs) that were designed to provide a database for in situ and remote-sensing comparison and analysis of local to mesoscale variability in aerosol properties. This paper describes the DRAGON deployments that will continue to contribute to the growing body of research related to meso- and microscale aerosol features and processes. The research presented in this special issue illustrates the diversity of topics that has resulted from the application of data from these networks. </P>