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        Context-Aware Handover Skipping for Train Passengers in Next Generation Wireless Networks

        Asad, Syed,Klaine, Paulo,Rais, Rao Naveed Bin,Mollel, Michael,Hussain, Sajjad,Abbasi, Qammer,Imran, Muhammad 한국통신학회 2023 Journal of communications and networks Vol.25 No.3

        5G spectral efficiency requirements foresee net-work densification as a potential solution to improve capac-ity and throughput to target next-generation wireless net-works (NGWNs). This is achieved by shrinking the footprint ofbase stations (BSs), effective frequency reuse, and dynamic useof shared resources between users. However, such a deploymentresults in unnecessary handovers (HOs) due to the cell sizedecrements, and limited sojourn time on a high train mobility. In particular, when a train speedily passes through the BS radiocoverage footprints, frequent HO rate may result in seriouscommunication interruption impacting quality of service (QoS). This paper proposes a novel context-aware HO skipping thatrelies on passenger mobility, trains trajectory, travelling timeand frequency, network load and signal to interference and noiseratio (SINR) data. We have modelled passenger traffic flows incardinal directions i.e, north, east, west, and south (NEWS),in a novel framework that employs realistic Poisson pointprocess (PPP) for real-time mobility patterns to support mo-bile networks. Spatio-temporal simulations leveraging NEWSmobility prediction model with machine learning (ML) wheresupport vector machine (SVM) shows an accuracy of 94.51%. ML-driven mobility prediction results integrate into our proposedscheme that shows comparable coverage probability, and averagethroughput to the no skipping case, while significantly reducingHO costs.

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        Hierarchical Coloured Petri Net based Random Direction Mobility Model for Wireless Communications

        ( Naeem Akhtar Khan ),( Farooq Ahmad ),( Syed Asad Hussain ),( Mudasser Naseer ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2016 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.10 No.8

        Most of the research in the area of wireless communications exclusively relies on simulations. Further, it is essential that the mobility management strategies and routing protocols should be validated under realistic conditions. Most appropriate mobility models play a pivotal role to determine, whether there is any subtle error or flaw in a proposed model. Simulators are the standard tool to evaluate the performance of mobility models however sometimes they suffer from numerous documented problems. To accomplish the widely acknowledged lack of formalization in this domain, a Coloured Petri nets (CPNs) based random direction mobility model for specification, analysis and validation is presented in this paper for wireless communications. The proposed model does not suffer from any border effect or speed decay issues. It is important to mention that capturing the mobility patterns through CPN is challenging task in this type of the research. Further, an appropriate formalism of CPNs supported to analyze the future system dynamic status. Finally the formal model is evaluated with the state space analysis to show how predefined behavioral properties can be applied. In addition, proposed model is evaluated based on generated simulations to track origins of errors during debugging.

      • Merge-and-forward: a cooperative multimedia transmissions protocol using RaptorQ codes

        Talha Gul, Muhammad,Ali, Amjad,Singh, Deepak Kumar,Imtinan, Umera,Raza, Imran,Hussain, Syed Asad,Suh, Doug Young,Lee, Jong-wook IET 2016 IET COMMUNICATIONS Vol.10 No.15

        <P>Recently, nodes cooperation has emerged as a popular means for improving the quality of multimedia delivery over fifth-generation cellular networks. However, in the conventional relaying scheme such as amplify-and-forward (AaF), there is a higher probability of duplicate packets at the receiver node which affect the decoding probability and consequently deteriorate the quality of multimedia transmission. In this study, the authors propose a cooperative multimedia transmission protocol based on a novel merge-and-forward relaying and the best relay selection (RS) schemes. Their best RS scheme is based on two important parameters: (i) two-hop link distances and (ii) minimum block error rate value. Moreover, to combat the packet loss for enhanced and reliable video delivery, they adopt application layer forward error correction scheme which is based on the most improved and advanced version of fountain codes (i.e. RaptorQ codes). They evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme under different time-sharing scenarios between the direct and best indirect transmission links in terms of decoding failure probability, decoding overhead, peak signal-to-noise ratio, and mean opinion score. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional AaF relaying scheme.</P>

      • Channel Clustering and QoS Level Identification Scheme for Multi-Channel Cognitive Radio Networks

        Ali, Amjad,Yaqoob, Ibrar,Ahmed, Ejaz,Imran, Muhammad,Kwak, Kyung Sup,Ahmad, Adnan,Hussain, Syed Asad,Ali, Zulfiqar IEEE 2018 IEEE communications magazine Vol.56 No.4

        <P>The increasing popularity of wireless services and devices necessitates high bandwidth requirements; however, spectrum resources are not only limited but also heavily underutilized. Multiple license channels that support the same levels of QoS are desirable to resolve the problems posed by the scarcity and inefficient use of spectrum resources in multi-channel cognitive radio networks (MCRNs). One reason is that multimedia services and applications have distinct, stringent QoS requirements. However, due to a lack of coordination between primary and secondary users, identifying the QoS levels supported over available licensed channels has proven to be problematic and has yet to be attempted. This article presents a novel Bayesian non-parametric channel clustering scheme, which identifies the QoS levels supported over available license channels. The proposed scheme employs the infinite Gaussian mixture model and collapsed Gibbs sampler to identify the QoS levels from the feature space of the bit rate, packet delivery ratio, and packet delay variation of licensed channels. Moreover, the real measurements of wireless data traces and comparisons with baseline clustering schemes are used to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme.</P>

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