Multimodality Treatment for Patients with Node-Positive Prostate Cancer: the Role of Radiation Therapy

Ochiai, Satoru,Nomoto, Yoshihito,Kobayashi, Shigeki,Yamashita, Yasufumi,Watanabe, Yui,Toyomasu, Yutaka,Kawamura, Tomoko,Takada, Akinori,II, Noriko,Sakuma, Hajime Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.4

Prostate cancer is the secondary most frequently diagnosed cancer in the world. Although numerous prospective randomized trial have been conducted to guide the management of patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer, few clinical trials targeting node-positive prostate cancer have been reported. Therefore, there are still controversies in the optimal management of node-positive prostate cancer. Recently, efficacy of multimodality treatment, including radiation therapy (RT), for such patients has been reported in several articles. The results indicate potential benefit of RT both in adjuvant therapy after prostatectomy and in definitive therapy for node-positive prostate cancer. The aim in this article was to summarize the current evidence for RT and evaluate the role in multimodality treatment for patients with node-positive prostate cancer.

Comparison of Mechanical Biological Treatment Operations based on Cost and Benefit in Asia

( Satoru Ochiai ),( Tomonori Ishigaki ),( Masato Yamada ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 3RINCs초록집 Vol.2015 No.-

Mechanical biological treatment (MBT) is one of the most attractive method of mixed waste treatment. This treatment consists of the mechanical separation of resource and the biological degradation of organic matter. The separation and biological treatment should be the adaptation of the regional characteristic of waste. This study aimed to develop the method to evaluate the suitabilityan operation of the MBT in Asian regions. Four scenarios based on the MBT facility in Thailand were demonstrated using cost and benefit analysis in 20 years in-service as indicator of suitability in order to figure out the practical improvement on MBT operation. As a result, attempted four scenarios need a tipping fee for continue MBT operation. Cost-Benefit Ratio (CBR)was increased by the additional composting. Additional composting process as pre-treatment of residue could contribute to reduce landfill cost and to increase the benefit from compost product. Reduction of landfill cost and increase of the construction cost and operation cost resulted in the reduction of the total cost of high treatment capacity of composting. The highest CBR could not necessarily correspond to the highest benefit. Operations of biodrying and additional composting should be adopted suitably in order to maximize the benefit as well as the balance of the cost-benefit.

Analysis of temperature profile in an open air bio-drying process of MBT in Tropical Asia

( Satoru Ochiai ),( Tomonori Ishigaki ),( Komsilp Wangyao ),( Chuchai Lornimitdee ),( Masato Yamada ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2016 한국폐기물자원순환학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.-

Roles of Valproic Acid in Improving Radiation Therapy for Glioblastoma: a Review of Literature Focusing on Clinical Evidence

Ochiai, Satoru,Nomoto, Yoshihito,Yamashita, Yasufumi,Watanabe, Yui,Toyomasu, Yutaka,Kawamura, Tomoko,Takada, Akinori,Ii, Noriko,Kobayashi, Shigeki,Sakuma, Hajime Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.2

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive type of primary brain neoplasm. The current standard therapy for GBM consists of maximal surgical resection within safe limits, followed by radiation therapy (RT) and chemotherapy with temozolomide. Despite advances in treatment, the prognosis of GBM remains poor. Epileptic seizure is one of the most common symptoms in patients with GBM. Valproic acid (VPA), a histone deacetylase inhibitor, is often used as an anti-epileptic drug in patients with brain neoplasms due to its effectiveness and low toxicity profile. Several in vivo and in vitro studies have indicated that VPA has radiosensitizing effects for gliomas and radioprotective influence on normal brain tissue or hippocampal neurons. The results of several retrospective studies have also indicated potential benefit to improve survival of patients with GBM. Moreover, the promising treatment results of a phase 2 trial of concurrent radiation therapy, temozolomide, and VPA for patients with GBM have been recently reported. The use of VPA in patients with GBM has thus recently receiving more attention. In this article, we review the role of VPA in radiation therapy for GBM, focusing on the clinical evidence.

Concept of Appropriate Treatment of Captured Wildlife in Conjunction with Waste Treatment System

( Tomonori Ishigaki ),( Satoru Ochiai ),( Masahiro Osako ),( Masato Yamada ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2016 한국폐기물자원순환학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2016 No.-

In recent years in Japan, populations of wildlife such as Japanese deer and wild boars are rapidly increasing with the expansion of their habitats, which has caused serious damage to the ecosystem, agriculture, forestry, fisheries, and the living environment. Since the substantial treatment policy of captured wildlife as not been decided, hunting plan has not been implemented in most of municipality. In order to remove the influence on natural and living environment, the comprehensive management system on captured wildlife, as well as the infected livestock or radioactively polluted animals, must be established. Captured wildlife in local municipalities have not been well managed in the context of the waste management, and there are lots of issues to be solved such as the logistics from hunting zone to public road network, transportation to waste treatment facility, capacity of the municipal incinerators, safety management of disposal. Integrated management of captured wildlife would be achieved by sophisticated cooperation of the sectors of wildlife control and waste management, and a smooth connection to the existing waste management system must be a key issue on this cross-sectional implementation of the project. The Ministry of the Environment, Japan has given the target of the reduction of the number of the hunted designated species (Japanese deer and wild boar) to be double in comparison with that in FY2012. It would be estimated approximately two million, and more than 150 thousand tonnes of dead animal should be annually treated in waste facility additionally. This is a national target, but treatment duty will be owed by local municipalities. This study is going to elucidate the structure of technical problem on receiving the captured large wildlife at the municipal waste treatment facilities, and to investigate the smooth connection to existing waste management system in local scale. Case study of the logistical simulation of the treatment of a mass of livestock that died by natural disasters in local waste management system revealed that the necessity of pretreatment as volume reduction of the dead animals for transportation and for incineration. The pretreatment at hunting-scene will contribute to reduce the total efforts and costs for transportation though there are some technological and legal limitations in Japan. Central pretreatment should be more attractive and reasonable way of volume reduction of hunted wildlife to connect to the existing municipal waste management system.

Preliminary study on breaking down of organic waste composition; A case study in Thailand

( Noppharit Sutthasil ),( Tomonori Ishigaki ),( Satoru Ochiai ),( Masato Yamada ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2019 한국폐기물자원순환학회 심포지움 Vol.2019 No.1

The municipal solid waste (MSW) in developing countries contains a large portion of organic waste about 40-60% due to the consumption behavior and lifestyle. The organic composition in MSW is one of the problems for solid waste management around the world. The presence of organic matter together with moisture negatively affects to treatment processes such as incineration, MBT, composting, landfilling, and so on. In especial, the stickiness of organic waste is a big issue to reduce the mechanical separation efficiency. Likewise, it reduces the ventilation capacity during aerobic biodegradation. To solve the problem of solid waste treatment derived from organic matter, the understanding of organic waste composition and property is necessary. However, previous researches reported about the amount of organic waste in the surface scale but the insight detail of each composition still limited. This study aims to investigate the details of composition of organic waste in tropical developing countries which is facing difficulties for appropriate handling of organic waste. The investigation was conducted in three different sites in Thailand at February 2019. The Sainoi (SN) waste disposal site is being received MSW from Nonthaburi city which the closest urban area nearby Bangkok. Two waste transfer stations are being received the MSW from different districts in Bangkok. Onnut (ON) transfer station is received the MSW from East-Bangkok and Nongkhaem (NK) transfer station is received from West-Bangkok. The targeted waste was quartered onsite to collect about 50 kg for each sample. The waste sampling was triplicated. Firstly, the waste was separated into organic and inorganic waste. After that, the organic waste was divided into 4 main categories. The “Plant related composition” consists of soft part (such as starch product, fruit meat, vegetable or leaves) and hard part (such as fruit core, fruit bunch or trim). The “Animal-related composition” consists of organic part (such as meat or cooked egg) and inorganic part (such as crab-shrimp shell or bone). The remaining 2 categories are “artificial product composition” (such as tissue paper) and “unidentified composition”. The preliminary result showed the small difference on the composition of organic waste in total waste was observed; (SN: 49.2%, ON: 54.4%, NK: 58.2%). It could be related to similar consumption behavior between the investigated urban area. The national statistical office reported the personal income in Bangkok (45,707 Baht/Cap.) was higher than that in Nonthaburi (40,860 Baht/Cap.) in the year 2015. Since the last decade, the gap of personal income between both areas becomes shorter from the distribution of residential area from Bangkok to the province nearby. The plant-related compositions were the main composition in all site. The highest percentage of plant-related composition was found in SN at 71.0%. The high amount of plant-related part in SN (mainly vegetable) might be ascribed to the high agricultural production in Nonthaburi province. In the year 2015, the Gross Provincial Product (GPP) for the agricultural section in Nonthaburi was 5,053 Million Baht while in Bangkok was 2,826 Million Baht. The plant-related composition in NK (mainly fruit) was higher than that in ON. It was explained by the abundance of fresh markets in West-Bangkok, which was accounted for 39.1% in total Bangkok. On the other hand, the high percentage of plant leaves in ON could be explained by the public park in East-Bangkok covered 44.0% of Bangkok. The animal-related composition was found in ON, NK and SN at 11.4%, 5.4% and 4.4%, respectively. This could be related to the large number of normal and curbside restaurants locate in East-Bangkok over 40%. The high composition of artificial related waste in ON could confirm the influence of the restaurant waste to the total organic waste composition. Moreover, the high percentage of inorganic animal related was due to the meat preparing process is mostly done before sale in the market. Furthermore, the organic part of animal-related is easily for degradation. A part of them could include in “unidentified” composition. The result indicated that organic waste composition related to resident consumption behavior and activities. The plant-related part is the main composition due to the food process. However, this investigation was conducted only in the single season. The different composition of waste might be shown when the season is changing. The investigation will continue conducting in different season and different location.