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Shakespeare in Germany: Critical Reception and Translation
( Rudiger Ahrens ) 한국영어영문학회 2013 영어 영문학 Vol.59 No.6
The critical reception of Shakespeare`s plays in Germany began in the 18th century by H. Schmid and Johann G. Herder, who praised him as "a poetic genius." J. W. von Goethe in his panegyric "On Shakespeare`s Day" called him "Shakespeare, my friend" and with F. Schiller gives him priority over the French classics Corneille and Racine. His first translators Tieck and Schlegel in the Romantic Period (ca 1830) underscored the "supernatural" element in his plays, above all in Hamlet, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, King Lear, Julius Caesar and Othello. In the late 19th c. Shakespeare became a school subject in German higher education and contributed to the rise of nationalistic and racist feelings. In the 70s of the last century a variety of valid approaches like the structuralistic, psycho- analytic, sociological or contextual added more insights to the "close-reading" of a Shakepeare play, also by staging his plays in a large number of German theatre houses. In 1964, after long and controversial debates the German Shakespeare Society broke up into two in the West and the East for ideological reasons, but his name remained prominent in the Theatres in both parts of the country, which were re-united in 1990 after the decline of the Soviet Empire. Translations, which gained larger audiences from the very beginning of the 18th c., were intensified by Schroder, Flatter, and Schaller, but were complimented in post-war Germany by three bilingual editions. These collective endeavors mark the strong interest in Shakespeare`s worlds among German audiences in general.