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전명석,( R. W. Lovitt ),( W. R. Bowen ) 한국화학공학회 2007 화학공학의이론과응용 Vol.10 No.2
Long-range interactions are important to understand the physicochemical phenomena of electric field in either micro-biochip or MEMS devices confined to the charged solid wall and to analyze the behavior of complex fluids dispersed by either colloids or nanoparticles. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) results were obtained for electrostatic interaction force profiles between a silicon nitride tip and a silica surface by the traditional method as well as between a spherical silica particle and a silica surface employing a colloid probe technique. Distances ranging several tens of nanometers were successfully measured under a contact mode in 1.0 mM KCl electrolyte solution at different pH values. Experimental results obtained by the colloid probe were compared with the calculations from Derjaguin approximation as well as rigorous numerical method. As the separation distance between the silica surface and silica particle is decreased, the approximation under constant potential gives greater interaction than our measured values, with its difference becoming large. AFM results in PDMS-based microfluidic channel are also presented.
Choi, J.,Choi, W.,Kim, H.,Alaud-din, A.,Cho, K.,Kim, J.,Lim, H.,Lovitt, R.,Chang, I. Royal Society of Chemistry 2014 Analytical methods Vol.6 No.4
Biofouling is a crucial issue, and it causes seawater reverse osmosis membrane to deteriorate the performance of desalination. In this study, excitation emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence spectroscopy and parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) were used to monitor the strength of biofouling on the fouled membrane which was obtained from real plant. Based on EEM and PARAFAC results of raw seawater, feed water, permeate, brine and fouled membrane, three components were identified as the major peaks: (1) microbial product-like materials at Ex/Em = 280/370 nm, (2) humic-like substances at Ex/Em = 330/420 nm, and (3) aromatic proteins at Ex/Em = 240/320 nm. Using the fluorescence intensity changes, the effects of replacing fouled RO membranes were found to be most significant at one of the components (Ex/Em = 270-300/350-380 nm) which could be considered the substances desorbed from fouled RO membrane. Compared to the data for salt rejection, this component monitoring of the brine EEM image is shown to be more sensitive than conductivity monitoring for predicting the biofouling strength during the desalination process.