Prevalence and patterns of post-COVID-19 symptoms in recovered patients of Delhi, India: a population-based study

Nidhi Bhatnagar,Mongjam Meghachandra Singh,Hitakshi Sharma,Suruchi Mishra,Gurmeet Singh,Shivani Rao,Amod Borle,Tanu Anand,Naresh Kumar,Binita Goswami,Sarika Singh,Mahima Kapoor,Sumeet Singla,Bembem Kh 질병관리청 2024 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.15 No.3

Objectives: Post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) symptoms were widely reported.However, data on post-COVID-19 conditions following infection with the Omicron variant remained scarce. This prospective study was conducted to understand the prevalence, patterns, and duration of symptoms in patients who had recovered from COVID-19.Methods: A prospective study was conducted across 11 districts of Delhi, India, among individuals who had recovered from COVID-19. Study participants were enrolled, and then returned for post-recovery follow-up at 3 months and 6 months interval.Results: The mean age of study participants was 42.07 years, with a standard deviation of 14.89 years. The majority of the participants (79.7%) reported experiencing post-COVID-19 symptoms. The most common symptoms included joint pain (36.0%), persistent dry cough (35.7%), anxiety (28.4%), and shortness of breath (27.1%). Other symptoms were persistent fatigue (21.6%), persistent headache (20.0%), forgetfulness (19.7%), and limb weakness (18.6%). The longest duration of symptom was observed to be anxiety (138.75±54.14 days), followed by fatigue (137.57±48.33 days), shortness of breath (131.89±60.21 days), and joint pain/swelling (131.59±58.76 days). At the first follow-up visit, 2.2% of participants presented with abnormal electrocardiogram readings, but no abnormalities were noticed during the second follow-up. Additionally, 4.06% of participants exhibited abnormal chest X-ray findings at the first follow-up, which decreased to 2.16% by the second visit. Conclusion: The most frequently reported post-COVID-19 symptoms were joint pain, dry cough, anxiety and shortness of breath. These clinical symptoms persisted for up to 6 months, with evidence of multi-system involvement. Consequently, findings highlighted the need for long-term follow-up during the post-COVID-19 period.

Development of Molecular Diagnostic Innovation System in India: Role of Scientific Institutions

Nidhi Singh 아시아기술혁신학회 2022 Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy Vol.11 No.1

The study attempts to examine the system-building activities of scientific institutions in developing the Molecular Diagnostic (MDs) Innovation System in India. Scientific Institutions are the precursor of any technological development with their capabilities in generating new ideas. MDs are advanced and accurate diagnostic technology with considerable scope to serve the diagnostic needs and requirements of the healthcare system. We adopted a System framework and analyzed the development of MDs in terms of the Technological Innovation System (TIS) functions, and the systematic challenges are assessed through the System Failure Framework (SFF). Based on the secondary and primary survey of prominent science base actors, the study finds that the role of government is crucial for facilitating technological development within a science base through the mobilization of resources. In India, the MDs technological development gained significant momentum over the last decade with the development of specialized human resources and dedicated research institutes. However, we do find that the innovative capabilities in attaining need-based TIS are sub-optimal owning to the specific diagnostic needs of highly burdened diseases in the society. The system analysis reveals that the TIS functions are underperforming because of the absence of a well-defined funding mechanism and goal-oriented targeted policy regime of the government. Since MDs have a transformative effect on the present healthcare system, we argue that the government has to address the system-based challenges and issues for developing a need-based technological innovation system for MDs in the country.

Socioeconomic Inequality in the Prevalence of Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco use in India

Thakur, Jarnail Singh,Prinja, Shankar,Bhatnagar, Nidhi,Rana, Saroj,Sinha, Dhirendra Narain,Singh, Poonam Khetarpal Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2013 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.14 No.11

Background: Tobacco consumption has been identified as the single biggest cause of inequality in morbidity and mortality. Understanding pattern of socioeconomic equalities in tobacco consumption in India will help in designing targeted public health control measures. Materials and Methods: Nationally representative data from the India Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) conducted in 2009-2010 was analyzed. The survey provided information on 69,030 respondents aged 15 years and above. Data were analyzed according to regions for estimating prevalence of current tobacco consumption (both smoking and smokeless) across wealth quintiles. Multiple logistic regression analysis predicted the impact of socioeconomic determinants on both forms of current tobacco consumption adjusting for other socio-demographic variables. Results: Trends of smoking and smokeless tobacco consumption across wealth quintiles were significant in different regions of India. Higher prevalence of smoking and smokeless tobacco consumption was observed in the medium wealth quintiles. Risk of tobacco consumption among the poorest compared to the richest quintile was 1.6 times higher for smoking and 3.1 times higher for smokeless forms. Declining odds ratios of both forms of tobacco consumption with rising education were visible across regions. Poverty was a strong predictor in north and south Indian region for smoking and in all regions for smokeless tobacco use. Conclusions: Poverty and poor education are strong risk factors for both forms of tobacco consumption in India. Public health policies, therefore, need to be targeted towards the poor and uneducated.

Development and Validation of a Perfect KASP Marker for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance Gene Fhb1 in Wheat

Singh, Lovepreet,Anderson, James A,Chen, Jianli,Gill, Bikram S,Tiwari, Vijay K,Rawat, Nidhi The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2019 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.35 No.3

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating wheat disease with a significant economic impact. Fhb1 is the most important large effect and stable QTL for FHB resistance. A pore-forming toxin-like (PFT) gene was recently identified as an underlying gene for Fhb1 resistance. In this study, we developed and validated a PFT-based Kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) marker for Fhb1. The KASP marker, PFT_KASP, was used to screen 298 diverse wheat breeding lines and cultivars. The KASP clustering results were compared with gelbased gene specific markers and the widely used linked STS marker, UMN10. Eight disagreements were found between PFT_KASP and UMN10 assays among the tested lines. Based on the genotyping and sequencing of genes in the Fhb1 region, these genotypes were found to be common with a previously characterized susceptible haplotype. Therefore, our results indicate that PFT_KASP is a perfect diagnostic marker for Fhb1 and would be a valuable tool for introgression and pyramiding of FHB resistance in wheat cultivars.

Adsorption and equilibrium studies of phenol and para-nitrophenol by magnetic activated carbon synthesised from cauliflower waste

Nidhi Yadav,Dhruv Narayan Maddheshiaya,Shalu Rawat,Jiwan Singh 대한환경공학회 2020 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.25 No.5

In this study, waste cauliflower leaves were used for adsorbent preparation. The waste cauliflower leaves were converted into activated carbon by pyrolysis at two different temperatures 250℃ and 500℃ with magnetic property. The prepared adsorbents were denoted as CAC-250 and CAC-500 and characterized by the use of scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The adsorbents were applied for the removal of phenol and PNP from their aqueous solutions. The adsorption of phenol was found very less by the application CAC-250, whereas by the application of CAC-500 the adsorption of both phenol and PNP was enhanced. The maximum adsorption of phenol was found 99% and that of PNP was found ~100% using CAC-500, with initial adsorbate concentration 5 ㎎/L at 25℃. The adsorption data was analysed with Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models and different kinetic models that are pseudo first order, pseudo second order, Elovich, intraparticle and pore diffusion model.

An Efficient Opportunistic Routing Protocol in Underwater Communication

Nidhi Rajpoot,Rajendra Singh Kushwah 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of u- and e- Service, Scienc Vol.8 No.6

For many years, opportunistic networks have gain fame in research and industry as a natural evolution of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). It is a more common concept of delay tolerant networks, which opens a thrilling path for connecting nodes opportunistically and communicates wirelessly and at the similar time expands the possibilities for real-life application problems. Presented ad hoc routing protocols, although robust to quickly changing network topology, suppose the being there of a connected path from source to destination. In this proposed system, we make a base station (BS1) on the upper layer of water. It is situated where signal strength is good. It will get the connection either by RSU (Road Side Unit) or by satellite. When it will get connected by RSU or satellite, sonar waves of base station amplifiers. Another base station (BS2) is situated under water at some distance from BS1 & gets radio waves by base station & its Sonar waves gets amplified.

Development and Validation of a Perfect KASP Marker for Fusarium Head Blight Resistance Gene Fhb1 in Wheat

Lovepreet Singh,James A Anderson,Jianli Chen,Bikram S Gill,Vijay K Tiwari,Nidhi Rawat 한국식물병리학회 2019 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.35 No.3

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating wheat disease with a significant economic impact. Fhb1 is the most important large effect and stable QTL for FHB resistance. A pore-forming toxin-like (PFT) gene was recently identified as an underlying gene for Fhb1 resistance. In this study, we developed and validated a PFTbased Kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) marker for Fhb1. The KASP marker, PFT_KASP, was used to screen 298 diverse wheat breeding lines and cultivars. The KASP clustering results were compared with gelbased gene specific markers and the widely used linked STS marker, UMN10. Eight disagreements were found between PFT_KASP and UMN10 assays among the tested lines. Based on the genotyping and sequencing of genes in the Fhb1 region, these genotypes were found to be common with a previously characterized susceptible haplotype. Therefore, our results indicate that PFT_ KASP is a perfect diagnostic marker for Fhb1 and would be a valuable tool for introgression and pyramiding of FHB resistance in wheat cultivars.

Menstrual hygiene management and its determinants among adolescent girls in low-income urban areas of Delhi, India: a community-based study

Suneela Garg,Nidhi Bhatnagar,Mongjam Meghachandra Singh,Saurav Basu,Amod Borle,Yamini Marimuthu,Falak Azmi,Yomri Dabi,Indu Bala 질병관리본부 2022 Osong Public Health and Research Persptectives Vol.13 No.4

Objectives: Menstrual hygiene management (MHM) in developing countries is linked to human rights, social justice, and the education and empowerment of young girls. The objective of this study was to assess menstrual hygiene practices and their determinants among adolescent girls, including school dropouts, and the effects of pad distribution programs in urban resettlement areas of Delhi, India.Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2019 to February 2020 in urban resettlement colonies and 2 villages of Delhi among 1,130 adolescent girls aged 10 to 19 years, who were interviewed face to face.Results: In total, 954 participants (84.4%) used only disposable sanitary pads, 150 (13.3%) used both sanitary pads and cloths, and 26 (2.3%) used only cloths (n=1,130). Most school-going girls utilized the scheme for pad distribution, but only two-thirds of the girls who were out of school utilized the scheme. In the adjusted analysis, girls with lower educational status, those who had dropped out of school, and those from the Muslim religious community were more likely to use cloths for MHM.Conclusion: More than 4 out of 5 adolescent girls in Delhi in low-income neighborhoods preferred sanitary pads for MHM. The government free pad scheme reached near-universal utilization among school-going girls (97%), but the subsidized pad scheme for girls who did not attend school was insufficiently utilized (75%).

Is aromatherapy associated with patient's dental anxiety levels? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Purohit, Abhishek,Singh, Abhinav,Purohit, Bharathi,Shakti, Prateek,Shah, Nidhi The Korean Dental Society of Anesthsiology 2021 Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine Vol.21 No.4

The use of aromatherapy for the reduction of anxiety levels during dental treatment procedures has been well established in the literature; however, there is limited evidence regarding its efficacy. The present meta-analysis is an attempt to assess the association between the use of aromatherapy and anxiety levels among dental patients. A comprehensive search was conducted across Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, EBSCO host, Cochrane databases, and Google Scholar for studies evaluating aromatherapy and anxiety level among dental patients. PRISMA guidelines were followed for the meta-analysis. Randomized and cluster-randomized trials comparing aromatherapy with controls were included. The random-effects model was used to assess the mean differences in anxiety levels of patients visiting dental OPD. The significance value was set at P < 0.05. Six studies were identified that met the requirements for inclusion. Aromatherapy was significantly associated with reduction in patient anxiety levels during dental treatment (pooled mean difference: -3.36 [95% CI, -3.77 - -2.95, P = 0.00001). Low heterogeneity was noted between studies (I² = 1%, P = 0.41) analyzed in the meta-analysis. High certainty of the evidence was obtained from the association between the use of aromatherapy and dental anxiety. This meta-analysis suggests that aromatherapy is effective in reducing dental anxiety. When used judiciously, the results of this work should encourage the use of aromatherapy to reduce patient anxiety levels during dental procedures

Supervised learning and frequency domain averaging‐based adaptive channel estimation scheme for filterbank multicarrier with offset quadrature amplitude modulation

Vibhutesh Kumar Singh,Nidhi Upadhyay,Mark Flanagan,Barry Cardiff 한국전자통신연구원 2021 ETRI Journal Vol.43 No.6

Filterbank multicarrier with offset quadrature amplitude modulation (FBMC‐OQAM) is an attractive alternative to the orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) modulation technique. In comparison with OFDM, the FBMC‐OQAM signal has better spectral confinement and higher spectral efficiency and tolerance to synchronization errors, primarily due to per‐subcarrier filtering using a frequency‐time localized prototype filter. However, the filtering process introduces intrinsic interference among the symbols and complicates channel estimation (CE). An efficient way to improve the CE in FBMC‐OQAM is using a technique known as windowed frequency domain averaging (FDA); however, it requires a priori knowledge of the window length parameter which is set based on the channel's frequency selectivity (FS). As the channel's FS is not fixed and not a priori known, we propose a k‐nearest neighbor‐based machine learning algorithm to classify the FS and decide on the FDA's window length. A comparative theoretical analysis of the mean‐squared error (MSE) is performed to prove the proposed CE scheme's effectiveness, validated through extensive simulations. The adaptive CE scheme is shown to yield a reduction in CE‐MSE and improved bit error rates compared with the popular preamble‐based CE schemes for FBMC‐OQAM, without a priori knowledge of channel's frequency selectivity.