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1
The Effects of Different Types of High Heels and Walking Velocity on Muscle Activation of the Paraspinal Muscles

( Joong Sook Le ),( Dong Wook Han ) 대한물리의학회 2014 대한물리의학회지 Vol.9 No.3
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  ScienceON
  
  KISS
PURPOSE : This study researched the effects of different types of high heels on the muscles surrounding the cervical spine, the thoracic spine, and the lumbar spine by analyzing muscle activation of the paraspinal muscles during walking while wearing high heels. The high heels were all of the same height: 8㎝. METHODS : The 28 subjects in this experiment were females in their 20s with a foot size of 225-230㎜. To measure the muscle activation of the paraspinal muscles, EMG electrodes were attached on the paraspinal muscles around C6, T7, and L5. The muscle activation during walking while wearing 8㎝ high wedge heels, setback heels, and french heels was measured. The measurements were performed 3 times each and the mean value of the result was used for analysis. Two kinds of velocity were used in this study. One of the velocity was 2.5 ㎧. The other was 3.5 ㎧. RESULTS : The muscle activation of paraspinal muscles increased significantly according to increase of walking velocity. But there was nosignificant difference according to the heel types. CONCLUSION : In view of the results, the height of heels and the velocity of walking are more convincing variables than the width of the heels on the muscle activation of paraspinal muscles. So wearing high heels is not recommended for those who have pain or functional problem of cervical and lumbar vertebrae.
2
Detection of unusual rotavirus genotypes G8P[8] and G12P[6] in South Korea

Le, Van Phan,Kim, Ji-Yeon,Cho, Sung-Lim,Nam, Sun-Woo,Lim, Inseok,Lee, Hee-Joong,Kim, Kijeong,Chung, Sang-In,Song, Wonkeun,Lee, Kyu Man,Rhee, Moon-Soo,Lee, Jung-Sook,Kim, Wonyong Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2008 Journal of medical virology Vol.80 No.1
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<P>Five hundred four fecal specimens, collected between 2004 and 2006 from young children with acute diarrhea, were screened for rotavirus by ELISA with VP6-specific antibody. Of these samples, 394 (78.2%) were confirmed as group A rotavirus and they underwent G- and P typing using a combination of ELISA, RT-PCR, and sequence analysis methods. The dominant circulating G serotype was G1 (35.6%) followed by G3 (26.4%), G4 (14.7%), and G2 (11.9%). There was a low prevalence of G9 (1.0%) and of unusual G type rotavirus, in particular, G12 (0.5%) and G8 (0.3%). Of the P genotype rotavirus in circulation, P[8] (53.0%) was most common followed by P[6] (15.5%), P[4] (15.2%), and P[9] (2.3%). Determination of G- and P type combinations revealed that G1P[8] strains were most prevalent (25.4%), amid G3P[8] (16.8%), G2P[4] (6.3%), and G4P[6] (6.1%) strains. Unusual or rare combinations such as G2P[6], G2P[8], G3P[4], G2P[9], G1P[9], G3P[9], G12P[6], G1P[4], G3P[6], and G8P[8] were also found. Owing to the recent emergence of G8 and G12 rotavirus, the findings from this study are important since they provide new information concerning the local and global spread of rotavirus genotypes. J. Med. Virol. 80:175–182, 2008. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.</P>