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Urban stormwater quality and treatment
Sarvanamuthu Vigneswaran,Rupak Aryal,Jaya Kandasamy,Ravi Naidu 한국화학공학회 2010 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.27 No.5
Stormwater runoff from urban and suburban areas generates numerous pollutants. The areas include residential areas, parks, commercial areas, industrial areas and road/highways. Land use and human activities largely determine the nature and level of pollutants. Among the various types of pollutants that can contribute to adverse water quality impact in receiving water bodies, of concern are suspended solids, heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nutrients. This paper provides a critical review of the characteristics and sources of urban stormwater pollutants and the manner in which the pollution occurs. Treatment systems for urban stormwater runoff and for urban stormwater harvesting are discussed.
김종호 ( Jong Ho Kim ),( Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran ),( Jaya Kandasamy ),손호경 ( Ho Kyong Shon ),김종범 ( Jong Beom Kim ) 한국공업화학회 2011 공업화학 Vol.22 No.1
물은 인간에게 가장 소중한 자원이지만 여러 유기물에 의해 오염되어 있다. 이러한 유기물은 인간과 환경에 큰 영향을 끼칠 수 있으므로 물 속 유기물의 특성 분석이 중요하다. 본 총설에서는 물 속 유기물의 자세한 분석 방법과 특성을 고찰하였다. 각 유기물의 물리적, 화학적, 생물학적면에 의거하여 전통적인 방법과 고도 특성 분석을 정리하였다. Water is the most precious resource to human being, but it is polluted by different organic compounds. Organic matter (OM) in aqeous solutions is one of the important parameters of concern for human and environmental impact, and thus, it is essential to better characterize specifically targeted organic matter in aggregated and individual level of concentrations. This review presents different analytical tools and protocols to investigate detailed properties and characterization. Physical, chemical and biological aspects of OM are envisaged in terms of traditional and advanced measurement methods.
A continuous photocatalysis system in the degradation of herbicide
비겐스워란,Nathaporn Areerachakul,Huu Hao Ngo,Jaya Kandasamy 한국화학공학회 2008 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.25 No.4
The performance of both batch and continuous photo-catalytic reactors was studied to evaluate their capabilities in removing the sulfonyl urea herbicide of metsulfuron methyl (MM). It was found in a batch reactor that the addition of a small amount of powder activated carbon (PAC) significantly increased the rate of degradation of MM. The continuous photo-catalytic system resulted in 57% of MM removal. When a small dose of activated carbon was added in the photo-catalytic system, MM removal increased to 78-86% MM removal for retention times between of 5.25-21 min (corresponding to withdrawal rates of 10-40 mLmin−1). In this study, the pseudo first order rate constants of a continuous photo-catalytic system revealed that shorter retention times were associated with lower rate constants. Solid phase micro extraction/gas chromatography (SPME/GC) results showed that high concentrations of MM were broken down to small volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by photo-catalytic oxidation. PAC adsorbed the photo-products and increased the degradation of MM.
Removal of metsulfuron methyl by Fenton reagent
Javeed Mohammed Abdul,Mahintha Kumar,Jaya Kandasamy,Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran 한국공업화학회 2012 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.18 No.1
The removal of metsulfuron methyl (MeS)—a sulfonyl urea herbicide from contaminated water was investigated by advanced oxidation process (AOP) using Fenton method. The optimum dose of Fenton reagent (Fe2+/H2O2) was 10 mg/L Fe2+ and 60 mg/L H2O2 for an initial MeS concentration ([MeS]0) range of 0–80 mg/L. The Fenton process was effective under pH 3. The degradation efficiency of MeS decreased by more than 70% at pH > 3 (pH 4.5 and 7). The initial Fe2+ concentration ([Fe2+]0) in the Fenton reagent affected the degradation efficiency, rate and kinetics. The degradation of MeS at optimum dose of Fenton reagent was more than 95% for [MeS] 0 of 0–40 mg/L and the degradation time was less than 30 min. The determination of residual MeS concentration after Fenton oxidation by UV spectrophotometry was affected by the interferences from Fenton reagent. The estimation of residual MeS concentration after Fenton oxidation by high pressure/performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) was interference free and represented the actual concentration of MeS and does not include the by-products of Fenton oxidation. The degradation kinetics of MeS was modelled by second order reactions involving 8 rate constants. The two reaction constants directly involving MeS were fitted using the experimental data and the remaining constants were selected from previously reported values. The model fit for MeS and the subsequent prediction of H2O2 were found to be within experimental error tolerances.
Ibrahim El Saliby,Yousef Okour,Jaya Kandasamy,Woong Eui Lee,김종호,Ho Kyong Shon 한국공업화학회 2012 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.18 No.3
In this study, dye and secondary effluent wastewaters were used to generate a non-hazardous sludge. Anatase TiO2 nanoparticles have been successfully synthesised from the calcination of the TiCl4flocculated sludge. A conventional hydrothermal method was adopted to produce anatase nanofibres (calcined at 600 8C) from TiO2 nanoparticles. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy investigations showed the highly crystalline nanoparticles and nanofibres after calcination. The size of nanofibres was related to the size of their nanoparticles precursors. Nanoparticles had larger surface area than nanofibres, lower pore volume and bigger pore diameter. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis revealed that impurities can be successfully removed by a subsequent hydrothermal/acid wash of nanoparticles. Nanoparticles had better overall photocatalytic activity for the degradation of organics in synthetic wastewater compared to nanofibres. On the other hand, nanofibres had a better adsorption capacity.
Javeed Mohammed Abdul,Ho Kyong Shon,Areerachakul Nathaporn,Jaya Kandasamy,Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran 한국화학공학회 2009 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.26 No.3
Landfill leachate is a toxic effluent of a decomposing landfill that is produced when rainwater percolates through the landfill leaching out contaminants and pollutants. Untreated leachate is a potential source for the contamination of soil, surface and ground water. In this study, the treatment processes such as granular activated carbon (GAC) adsorption/bio-sorption (batch), and advanced oxidation processes (AOP) viz. photocatalysis and Fenton’s process were evaluated and compared by using synthetic landfill leachate (SLL) as a contaminant. TiO2 was used as a catalyst in photocatalysis, and Fenton’s reagent (H2O2/Fe+2) was used in Fenton’s process. The degradation of SLL effluent by the three above-mentioned processes was characterized by the % TOC removal. The % TOC removed by photocatalysis, Fenton oxidation and bio-sorption (which includes adsorption and biodegradation) was 30, 60 and 85%, respectively. The bio-sorption increased with the increasing GAC dose. The optimum dose of Fenton’s reagent in advanced oxidation was 15 and 400 milli moles of Fe+2 and H2O2, respectively. The Fenton’s process showed faster degradation kinetics compared to biodegradation and photocatalysis.
Sukanyah Shanmuganathan,Tien Vinh Nguyen,W.G. Shim,Jaya Kandasamy,Andrzej Listowski,Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran 한국공업화학회 2014 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.20 No.6
Applying pre-treatments to remove dissolved organic matter from reverse osmosis (RO) feed can help toreduce organic fouling of the RO membrane. In this study the performance of granular activated carbon(GAC), a popular adsorbent, and purolite A502PS, an anion exchange resin, in removing effluent organicmatter (EfOM) from RO feed collected from a water reclamation plant located at Sydney Olympic Park,Australia were evaluated and compared through adsorption equilibrium, kinetics and fluidized bedexperiments. The maximum adsorption capacity (Qmax) of GAC calculated from the Langmuir model withRO feed was 13.4 mg/g GAC. The operational conditions of fluidized bed columns packed with GAC andpurolite A502PS strongly affected the removal of EfOM. GAC fluidized bed with a bed height of 10cm andfluidization velocity of 5.7 m/h removed more than 80% of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) during a 7 hexperiment. The average DOC removal was 60% when the bed height was reduced to 7 cm. Whencomparing GAC with purolite A502PS, more of the laterwas required to remove the same amount of DOC. The poorer performance of purolite A502PS can be explained by the competition provided by otherinorganic anions present in RO feed. A plug flow model can be used to predict the impact of the amount ofadsorbent and of the flow rate on removal of organic matter from the fluidized bed column.
Thi To Loan Hoang,비겐스워란,Huu Hao Ngo,Jaya Kandasamy,Dungananda Singh Chaudhary,Pavan Gotety,심왕근,Paul Peiris 한국화학공학회 2008 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.25 No.2
Biological filtration is an effective technique for removing organic matter from wastewater. The performance of a biofilter can be influenced by a range of operational conditions. In this study the performance of biofilters was investigated for the influence of filter media depth, influent concentrations, filtrations rates and backwashing. The results show that performance of GAC filters decreased with shallower filter bed depths. In addition, the GAC performed better at lower influent concentration and lower filtration rates. The daily backwash adopted to avoid the physical clogging of the biofilter did not have any significant effect on the organic removal efficiency of the filter. The concentration, activity and characteristics of the biomass are quantified and described. A mathematical model was developed to simulate the organic removal of the GAC biofiltration system. The performance of the GAC filter under different influent organic concentration levels, filtration rates and filter bed depths was adequately simulated by the mathematical model developed for this study.