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Cui, Ji Hao,Park, Kwideok,Park, So Ra,Min, Byoung-Hyun Mary Ann Liebert 2006 Tissue engineering Vol.12 No.1
<P>In this study we investigated the effects of LIUS on chondrogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSC). Our hypothesis is that LIUS may be a noninvasively effective stimulant to a biological system in vivo by turning on differentiation of MSCs and promotion of chondrogenesis. MSCs were isolated from the bone marrow of New Zealand white rabbits and cultured in monolayer for 2 weeks. They were then harvested and seeded into polyglycolic acid (PGA) non-woven mesh at a number of 5 x 10(6) cells. Cultured with a chondrogenic-defined media for 1 week, the PGA/MSCs constructs (n = 4) were implanted subcutaneously in the back of nude mice (n = 9, each group). The ultrasound (US) group received US stimulation at a frequency of 0.8 MHz and intensity of 200 mW/cm(2) for 10 min every day up to 4 weeks, while the control group had no US stimulation. Analyses of histological, immunohistochemical, biochemical, and mechanical characteristics were made at 1, 2, and 4 weeks post-stimulation, respectively. Total DNA contents showed no significant difference between the two groups. Total collagen and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) increased more significantly in the US-stimulated group than in the control. Histology of Safranin O/Fast green confirmed more intense and spreading extracellular matrix (ECM) at 2 and 4 weeks in the US-stimulated specimens. Mechanical tests exhibited that compressive strengths were also significantly higher in the US-stimulated cells at later times. This study strongly suggests that it may be possible for ultrasound to have some stimulatory effects in vivo on the chondrogenesis of MSCs.</P>
Cui, Chang-Hao,Kim, Sun-Chang,Im, Wan-Taek Springer International 2013 Applied microbiology and biotechnology Vol.97 No.2
<P>This study focused on the cloning, expression, and characterization of ginsenoside-transforming recombinant β-glucosidase from Actinosynnema mirum KACC 20028(T) in order to biotransform ginsenosides efficiently. The gene, termed as bglAm, encoding a β-glucosidase (BglAm) belonging to the glycoside hydrolase family 3 was cloned. bglAm consisted of 1,830 bp (609 amino acid residues) with a predicted molecular mass of 65,277 Da. This enzyme was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) using a GST-fused pGEX 4T-1 vector system. The recombinant BglAm was purified with a GSTbind agarose resin and characterized. The optimum conditions of the recombinant BglAm were pH 7.0 and 37 C. BglAm could hydrolyze the outer and inner glucose moieties at the C3 and C20 of the protopanaxadiol-type ginsenosides (i.e., Rb(1) and Rd, gypenoside XVII) to produce protopanaxadiol via gypenoside LXXV, F(2), and Rh(2)(S) with various pathways. BglAm can effectively transform the ginsenoside Rb(1) to gypenoside XVII and Rd to F(2); the K (m) values of Rb(1) and Rd were 0.69??0.06 and 0.45??0.02 mM, respectively, and the V (max) values were 16.13??0.29 and 51.56??1.35 μmol min(-1) mg(-1) of protein, respectively. Furthermore, BglAm could convert the protopanaxatriol-type ginsenoside Re and Rg(1) into Rg(2)(S) and Rh(1)(S) hydrolyzing the attached glucose moiety at the C6 and C20 positions, respectively. These various ginsenoside-hydrolyzing pathways of BglAm may assist in producing the minor ginsenosides from abundant major ginsenosides.</P>
Cui, Hao,Park, Jin-Hyung,Park, Jea-Gun The Electrochemical Society 2013 ECS journal of solid state science and technology Vol.2 No.1
<P>We investigated effect of oxidizers on chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) of ruthenium (Ru). Several commonly used oxidizers with different standard reduction potentials were used in the Ru CMP test, and their corrosion behaviors and states of surface oxidation were analyzed. We found that Ru only had a high polishing rate with slurries containing sodium periodate and sodium hypochlorite. We also observed that Ru film underwent severe pitting corrosion with these slurries, and formed a porous RuO<SUB>3</SUB>/RuO<SUB>2</SUB> oxide layer. Ru film was unable to achieve high corrosion current density as well as form a porous RuO<SUB>3</SUB>/RuO<SUB>2</SUB> oxide layer except for these two oxidizers. Both the corrosion and oxidation (formation of RuO<SUB>3</SUB>/RuO<SUB>2</SUB> layer) processes influenced the Ru polishing rate, but the oxidation process was assumed to play a more decisive role in the Ru CMP. The mechanism for the types of oxidizers in Ru corrosion and oxidation processes is discussed and explained through a diagram of the equilibrium electronic band of Ru metal electrodes and oxidizers in an aqueous solution.</P>
Cui, Jing-Hao,Cao, Qing-Ri,Choi, Yun-Jaie,Lee, Kyung-Hoon,Lee, Beom-Jin The Pharmaceutical Society of Korea 2006 Archives of Pharmacal Research Vol.29 No.8
Bifidobacteria-loaded alginate poly-l-lysine microparticles (bap microparticles) were prepared using an air atomization method and then freeze-dried. The viability of the bap microparticles was investigated as a function of the amount of the bifidobacteria cultures, and the addition of a yeast extract, cryoprotectants, antioxidants and neutralizer. The size of the bap microparticles with and without the bifidobacteria was $84.8{\pm}28.5\;{\mu}m$ ($mean{\pm}standard$ deviation) and $113.1{\pm}38.5\;{\mu}m$, respectively. The surface morphology was slightly ellipsoid and wrinkled regardless of the incorporating bifidobacteria. The viability gradually decreased with increasing freeze-drying time. Free-flowing powdered bap microparticles were obtained at least 12 h after freeze-drying the wetted slurry of bap microparticles. However, the particles tended to aggregate when either lactose or ascorbic acid was added. The addition of a yeast extract, cryoprotectants (glycerol and lactose), antioxidants ($NaHSO_3$ and ascorbic acid) and neutralizer $(Mg_3(PO_4)_2)$ resulted in a significantly higher viability of the bifidobacteria in the bap microparticles after freeze-drying (0.34-1.84 log) compared with the culture alone.
Cui, Chang-Hao,Liu, Qing-Mei,Kim, Jin-Kwang,Sung, Bong-Hyun,Kim, Song-Gun,Kim, Sun-Chang,Im, Wan-Taek American Society for Microbiology 2013 Applied and environmental microbiology Vol.79 No.19
<P>Here, we isolated and characterized a new ginsenoside-transforming β-glucosidase (BglQM) from <I>Mucilaginibacter</I> sp. strain QM49 that shows biotransformation activity for various major ginsenosides. The gene responsible for this activity, <I>bglQM</I>, consists of 2,346 bp and is predicted to encode 781 amino acid residues. This enzyme has a molecular mass of 85.6 kDa. Sequence analysis of BglQM revealed that it could be classified into glycoside hydrolase family 3. The enzyme was overexpressed in <I>Escherichia coli</I> BL21(DE3) using a maltose binding protein (MBP)-fused pMAL-c2x vector system containing the tobacco etch virus (TEV) proteolytic cleavage site. Overexpressed recombinant BglQM could efficiently transform the protopanaxatriol-type ginsenosides Re and Rg<SUB>1</SUB> into (<I>S</I>)-Rg<SUB>2</SUB> and (<I>S</I>)-Rh<SUB>1</SUB>, respectively, by hydrolyzing one glucose moiety attached to the C-20 position at pH 8.0 and 30°C. The <I>K<SUB>m</SUB></I> values for <I>p</I>-nitrophenyl-β-<SMALL>d</SMALL>-glucopyranoside, Re, and Rg<SUB>1</SUB> were 37.0 ± 0.4 μM and 3.22 ± 0.15 and 1.48 ± 0.09 mM, respectively, and the <I>V</I><SUB>max</SUB> values were 33.4 ± 0.6 μmol min<SUP>−1</SUP> mg<SUP>−1</SUP> of protein and 19.2 ± 0.2 and 28.8 ± 0.27 nmol min<SUP>−1</SUP> mg<SUP>−1</SUP> of protein, respectively. A crude protopanaxatriol-type ginsenoside mixture (PPTGM) was treated with BglQM, followed by silica column purification, to produce (<I>S</I>)-Rh<SUB>1</SUB> and (<I>S</I>)-Rg<SUB>2</SUB> at chromatographic purities of 98% ± 0.5% and 97% ± 1.2%, respectively. This is the first report of gram-scale production of (<I>S</I>)-Rh<SUB>1</SUB> and (<I>S</I>)-Rg<SUB>2</SUB> from PPTGM using a novel ginsenoside-transforming β-glucosidase of glycoside hydrolase family 3.</P>
Design of LED Luminaire for Parking Garage
Cui, Hao,Park, Si-Hyun The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2016 Journal of Electrical Engineering & Technology Vol.11 No.6
This study aims to design a zonal lumen for parking garage LED lightings of a slim appearance and 20 W/2,000 lm capacity and to fabricate a lighting luminaire accordingly. The frame is of a one-dimensional bar type with a reverse V-shaped section, with LED chips arranged along both sides. To maximize the $60^{\circ}$ to $80^{\circ}$ zonal lumen, the geometric structure was designed with the apex of the reverse V-shaped section at $40^{\circ}$ and both sides at $70^{\circ}$. As for the LED light source, focusing lenses with narrower full-width half-maximum (FWHM) in luminous intensity were used. A ray-tracing simulation method was utilized for the zonal lumen simulation of the given structure. An actual hardware of luminaire based on the simulation results was fabricated and characterized. The suggested model is meant to develop LED lightings with a proper level of zonal lumen required in parking garages.
Hao Cui,He-Chun Quan,Ri Jin,Zhehao Lin 대한토목학회 2023 KSCE JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING Vol.27 No.1
Flood susceptibility mapping is an important method for flood research. In this paper, we combine a backpropagation neural network (BPNN) with a genetic quantum algorithm (GQA) for the first time to develop flood susceptibility mapping. The area on the Chinese side of the Tumen River Basin was selected as the research object. A set of flood conditioning factors was selected based on relevant literature and an actual situation and then validated using the chi-square test and correlation analysis. Different weights were assigned using stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis. Finally, modeling and flood susceptibility mapping using GQA-BPNN. As a reference, the same work was performed with both the pure BPNN and optimized BPNN using a genetic algorithm (GA). The results show that the area under the curve, root mean squared error, Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient and percentage of bias are significantly better for the GQA-BPNN than for the BPNN and GA-BPNN and that the flood sensitivity maps constructed by the GQA-BPNN have more flood points in high flood sensitivity areas. Therefore, the GQA-BPNN method can be considered an effective method for flood susceptibility mapping.