Dietary Practices, Addictive Behavior and Bowel Habits and Risk of Early Onset Colorectal Cancer: a Case Control Study

Khan, Naveed Ali,Hussain, Mehwish,Rahman, Ata ur,Farooqui, Waqas Ahmed,Rasheed, Abdur,Memon, Amjad Siraj Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.17

Background: The abrupt rise of colorectal cancer in developing countries is raising concern in healthcare settings. Studies on assessing relationships with modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors in the Pakistani population have been limited. The present investigation was designed to examine associations of dietary practices, addictive behavior and bowel habits in developing colorectal cancer (CRC) among patients in a low-resource setup. Materials and Methods: An age-gender matched case control study was conducted from October 2011 to July 2015 in Karachi, Pakistan. Cases were from the surgical oncology department of a public sector tertiary care hospital, while their two pair-matched controls were recruited from the general population. A structured questionnaire was used which included questions related to demographic characteristics, family history, dietary patterns, addictive behavior and bowel habits. Results: A family history of cancer was associated with a 2.2 fold higher chance of developing CRC. Weight loss reduced the likelihood 7.6 times. Refraining from a high fat diet and consuming more vegetables showed protective effects for CRC. The risk of CRC was more than twice among smokers and those who consumed Asian specific addictive products as compared to those who avoid using these addictions (ORsmoking: 2.12, 95% CI: 1.08 - 4.17, ORpan: 2.92, 95% CI: 1.6 - 5.33, ORgutka: 2.13, 95% CI: 1.14 - 3.97). Use of NSAID attenuated risk of CRC up to 86% (OR: 0.14, 95% CI: 0.07 - 0.31). Conclusions: Most of the findings showed concordance with the literature elucidating protective effects of consuming vegetables and low fat diet while documenting adverse associations with family history, weight loss, constipation and hematochezia. Moreover, this study highlighted Asian specific indigenous addictive products as important factors. Further studies are needed to validate the findings produced by this research.

Synthesis, characterization and potential applications of Ag@ZnO nanocomposites with S@g-C₃N₄

Ahmad, Naveed,Javed, Mohsin,Qamar, Muhammad A.,Kiran, Umbreen,Shahid, Sammia,Akbar, Muhammad B.,Sher, Mudassar,Amjad, Adnan Techno-Press 2022 Advances in materials research Vol.11 No.3

It includes the synthesis of pristine ZnO nanoparticles and a series of Ag-doped zinc oxide nanoparticles was carried out by reflux method by varying the amount of silver (1, 3, 5, 7 and 9% by mol.). The morphology of these nanoparticles was investigated by SEM, XRD and FT-IR techniques. These techniques show that synthesized particles are homogenous spherical nanoparticles having an average particle size of about 50-100 nm along with some agglomeration. The photocatalytic activity of the ZnO nanoparticles and Ag doped ZnO nanoparticles were investigated via photodegradation of methylene blue (MB) as a standard dye. The data from the photocatalytic activity of these nanoparticles show that 7% Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles exhibit much enhanced photocatalytic activity as compared to pristine ZnO nanoparticles and other percentages of Ag-doped ZnO nanoparticles. Furthermore, 7% Ag-doped ZnO was made composites with sulfur-doped graphitic carbon nitride by physical mixing method and a series of nanocomposites were made (3.5, 7.5, 25, 50, 75% by weight). It was observed that the 25% composites exhibited better photocatalytic performance than pristine S-g-C 3 N 4 and pure 7% Ag-doped ZnO. Tauc's plot also supports the photodegradation results.

Numerical investigation of mixed convective flow of micropolar Casson fluid with Cattaneo–Christov heat flux model on an inclined vertical stretching surface

Khan Muhammad Naveed,Alhuthali Abdullah M S,Amjad Ayesha,Saqlain Muhammad,Yarmohammadi Samira,Alshammry Nizal,Elkotb Mohamed Abdelghany 한국CDE학회 2024 Journal of computational design and engineering Vol.11 No.3

It is vitally critical to understand the dynamics of the non-Newtonian fluids model from an engineering and industrial perspective. Many industrial and technical activities, such as the extrusion of polymer sheets, the manufacturing of paper, and the development of photographic films, require non-Newtonian fluids. Energy transportation has numerous industrial applications, and classical heat and mass transfer laws do not accurately anticipate thermal and solute relaxation times. This study applies the modified Ohm law to heat and mass transport, utilizing Fick’s and generalized Fourier concepts. And the primary purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics of heat and mass transport in the magnetohydrodynamics-mixed convective flow involving a micropolar Casson fluid across the vertically inclined starching surface with multiple slip effects. Moreover, the study considers additional factors like thermal radiation, heat generation, chemical reactions, and the influence of thermophoretic to analyze both energy and nanoparticle concentration aspects comprehensively. To simplify the flow analysis, the original flow model is transformed into a couple of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by employing relevant similarity transformations. These ODEs establish a system that is solved numerically by using the Bvp4c solver through MATLAB. It is worth noticing that a more substantial estimation of the thermal and concentration relaxation parameters decays the fluid temperature and nanoparticle concentration, respectively, and the growth of the material parameter reduces the drag force, which consequently augmenting the fluid velocity. Furthermore, the enhancement occurs in the skin friction due to greater estimation of the micropolar parameter, while the Casson fluid parameter causes the opposite trend.

Levels of Depression and Anxiety Post-Mastectomy in Breast Cancer Patients at a Public Sector Hospital in Karachi

Khan, Sara,Khan, Naveed Ali,Rehman, Ata Ur,Khan, Iqra,Samo, Khursheed A,Memon, Amjad Siraj Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2016 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.17 No.3

Background: There is a noticeable change in the approach with which women nowadays seek help for diseases like breast cancer, primarily due to awareness campaigns, but what happens after surgical procedures is of great significance too. This study focused on the several psychological connotations attached to mastectomy and how the patients cope. Objective: To understand the pattern of anxiety and level of depression among Pakistani patients undergoing mastectomy. Materials and Methods: The sample size consisted of 88 patients who had undergone mastectomy at the different surgical units of the Civil Hospital, Karachi, from January 2012-December 2014; The questionnaire was administered before they were discharged i.e. within 3 days of surgical procedures. The patients were asked if they were willing to participate in this study, those who agreed signed the consent form and then we preceded by asking questions with a standardized tool. A self made questionnaire was constructed keeping in mind the nature and specification of the disease, which consisted of 20 questions related to anxiety and depression, focusing on a mixture of psychological and physiological symptoms. Results: There were a total of 88 patients out of which 36 (41%) were aged 51 to 60 years, 24 (27.2%) of the patients were in the age category of 41 to 50 years, 17 aged 61 and above (19.3%) and only 11 (12.5%) 30-40 years of age, the youngest of all the age categories. The pattern of depression and anxiety was found to be similar among all age categories, severe depression and anxiety predominating over moderate level of such symptoms, with only relatively few patients sufering mild or no depression symptoms. Conclusions: It was concluded that going through mastectomy leads to moderate to severe levels of depression and anxiety, primarily because the females feel incomplete and insecure after losing a part of themselves.

Wage Convergence across European Regions : Do International Borders Matter?

( Amber Naz ),( Nisar Ahmad ),( Amjad Naveed ) 세종대학교 경제통합연구소 2017 Journal of Economic Integration Vol.32 No.1

This study focuses on wage convergence among the member states of the European Union by addressing three important questions. First, is there average wage convergence in European Union regions? Second, if there is wage convergence, are regional wage levels converging to a single, steady state level (unconditional convergence) or to their own steady state level (conditional convergence)? Third, do international borders matter for average wage convergence? By using a panel data set covering 203 Nomenclature of Territorial Units for Statistics-2 level regions from 1996 to 2006, the present study finds wage convergence for internal regions (regions within the same country) but no evidence of convergence for border regions (neighboring regions across international borders). These results imply that wage convergence is somehow restricted by international borders. These results are robust with both parametric and non-parametric approaches of testing convergence.

Effect of w/b ratio and binder content on the properties of self-compacting high performance concrete (SCHPC)

조병완,Muhammad Ali Sikandar,Zafar Baloch,Amjad Naseer,Naveed Jan,Qaiser Jamal 한양대학교 세라믹연구소 2018 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.19 No.2

Silica fume is most commonly used mineral admixture both in high performance concrete (HPC) and self-compacting concrete(SCC). While the incorporation of silica fume in concrete has been extensively investigated in HPC and SCC, furtherresearches are needed to optimize the dosage of silica fume and cement content in self-compacting high performance concrete(SCHPC). This paper presents the results of tests carried out to study the effect of w/b ratio and binder content (cement andsilica fume content) on properties of SCHPC. Eighteen batches of concrete with binder content ranging from 500-600 kg/m3were produced at two w/b ratios (0.23 and 0.25); with silica fume amount varying from 0 to 20 percent by weight of cement. Super Plasticizer (SP) dosage, porosity, water absorption, compressive strength, modulus of elasticity, splitting tensile strength,autogenous shrinkage (AS) and hydration characteristics were evaluated for all SCHPC mixes. The results indicate thatoptimum w/b ratio and binder content (cement and silica fume content) is required to get better performance from SCHPC,as high cement content and silica fume dosage tend to deteriorate the overall performance owing to reduced mechanicalperformances, high degree of hydration and greater autogenous shrinkage in SCHPC mixes incorporating silica fume.