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( Y. A. Al-gumaei ),( K. A. Noordin ),( A. W. Reza ),( K. Dimyati ) 한국인터넷정보학회 2015 KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Syst Vol.9 No.7
In the recent years, femtocell technology has received a considerable attention due to the ability to provide an efficient indoor wireless coverage as well as enhanced capacity. However, under the spectrum sharing between femtocell user equipment (FUEs) and the owner of spectrum macrocell user equipment (MUEs), both may experience higher uplink interference to each other. This paper proposes a novel distributed power control algorithm for the interference management in two-tier femtocell networks. Due to the assignment of licensed radio frequency to the outdoor macrocell users, the access priority of MUEs should be higher than FUEs. In addition, the quality of service (QoS) of MUEs that is expressed in the target signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) must always be achieved. On the other hand, we consider an efficient QoS provisioning cost function for the low-tier FUEs. The proposed algorithm requires only local information and converges even in cases where the frontiers of available power serve the target SINRs impossible. The advantage of the algorithm is the ability to implement in a distributed manner. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm based on our cost function provides effective resource allocation and substantial power saving as compared to the traditional algorithms.
Reza, A. M.,Shiwani, S.,Singh, N. K.,Lohakare, J. D.,Lee, S. J.,Jeong, D. K.,Han, J. Y.,Rengaraj, D.,Lee, B. W. Springer Science + Business Media 2014 In vitro cellular & developmental biology Animal Vol.50 No.3
The study was conducted to know and investigate the mechanism involved during mesenchymal to epithelial transition to unravel questions related to mammary gland development in prepubertal Korean black goat. We, therefore, biopsied mammary fat pad and isolated adipose cells and characterized with stemness factors (CD34, CD13, CD44, CD106, and vimentin) immunologically and through their genetic expression. Furthermore, characterized cells were differentiated to adipogenic (thiazolidinediones and alpha-linolenic acid) and epithelial (keratinocyte growth factor) lineages. Thiazolidinediones/or in combination with alpha-linolenic acid demonstrated significant upregulation of adipo-Q, PPAR-gamma, CEBP-alpha, LPL, and resistin. Adipose stem cells in induction mixture (5 mu g/ml insulin, 1 mu g/ml hydrocortisone, and 10 ng/ml epidermal growth factor) and subsequent treatment with 10 ng/ml keratinocyte growth factor revealed their trans-differentiating ability to epithelial lineage. From 2 d onwards, the cells under keratinocyte growth factor influenced cells to assume rectangular (2-4 d) to cuboidal (8-10 d) shapes. Ayoub-Shklar stain developed brownish-red pigment in the transformed cells. Though, expressions of K8 and K18 were noted to be highly significant (p < 0.01) but expressions of epithelial membrane antigens and epithelial specific antigens were also significant (p < 0.05) compared to 0 d. Conclusively, epithelial transformations of mammary adipose stem cells would add up knowledge to develop therapeutic regimen to deal with mammary tissue injury and diseases.