중국 중학생의 성취목표지향성과 학업소진의 관계 : 학부모 학습관여의 조절효과

Xu, Shuo 강원대학교 대학원 2019 국내석사

중국 중학생의 성취목표지향성과 학업소진의 관계 -학부모 학습관여의 조절효과- 쉬슈오 강원대학교 대학원 교육심리전공 본 연구는 중국 중학생의 성취목표지향성과 학업소진의 관계에 대한 살펴보고, 학부모 학습관여가 중국 중학생의 성취목표지향성과 학업소진의 관계를 어떻게 조절하는지를 검증하고자 수행되었다. 연구의 표집대상은 중국 요녕성 소재 중학교에 재학 중인 중학생 300명을 임의 표집하여 설문조사하였으며, 그 중에서 278부를 분석 자료로 사용하였다. 성취목표지향성을 측정하기 위해 이선미(2000)가 Elliot과 Church(1997)의 척도를 토대로 번안하고 타당화한 학업성취목표지향성 척도를 사용하였고, 이금주(2016)가 번안한 Schaufeli 등(2002)의 학업소진 척도를 사용하였으며 김종덕(2001)이 임은미(1998)의 척도를 기반으로 요인 불량의 문항을 삭제하고 통합한 학부모 학습관여 척도를 사용하였다. 본 연구에서 신뢰도 분석, 기술통계분석을 실시하였고, 각 변인들 간 상관관계를 알아보기 위해 Pearson 적률상관계수를 산출하였다. 또한 성취목표지향성과 학업소진의 관계 및 학부모 학습관여의 조절효과를 검증하기 위해 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 첫째, 숙달목표는 학업소진과 통계적으로 유의한 부적 관련성을 나타내었으며 수행-회피목표는 학업소진과 통계적으로 유의한 정적 관련성을 나타내었다. 수행-접근목표는 학업소진과 유의한 관련성을 나타나지 않았다. 둘째, 학부모 학습관여는 부분적으로 조절효과를 보였고, 숙달목표지향성이 높아짐에 따라 정서적 고갈을 낮추는 방향으로 조절되었다. 위의 결과를 바탕으로 중국 중학생의 성취목표지향성과 학업소진의 관계에 대한 학부모 학습관여의 조절효과가 주는 시사점과 본 연구결과의 교육적 의의에 관하여 논의하였다. 핵심 주제어 : 중국 중학생, 성취목표지향성, 학부모 학습관여, 학업소진, 조절효과 The Relations of Chinese middle school students’ Achievement Goal Orientations to Academic Burnout -The Moderating Roles of Parental Involvement- SHUO XU Department of Education The Graduate School Kangwon National University Abstract The study examined the relationships of the achievement goal orientations to academic burnout, and moderating effects of parental involvement in those relationships. 278 Chinese middle school students sampled in Liaoning province participated in the study. To examine the relations of achievement goal orientations to academic burnout and the moderating effects of parental involvement, multiple regression analyses were used. Mastery goal orientation was negatively related to academic burnout. In contrast, performance-avoidance goal orientation was positively related to and the performance-approach goal orientation had not significant relationship with academic burnout. The parental involvement showed partially moderating effects in direction to decrease emotional exhaustion when children have higher levels of mastery goal orientation. However, parental involvement had partially moderating effects in direction to increase of cynicism and academic inefficacy when children have higher level of performance goal orientations. Key words : Chinese middle school student, Achievement goal orientation, Academic burnout, Parental involvement, Moderating effect

Optimizing virtual machine I/O performance in virtualized cloud by differentiated-frequency scheduling and functionality offloading

Xu, Cong Purdue University 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

Many enterprises are increasingly moving their applications to private cloud environments or public cloud platforms. A key technology driving cloud computing is virtualization which can serve multiple VMs in one physical machine hence providing better management flexibility and significant savings in operational costs. However, one important consequence of virtualized hosts in the cloud is the negative impact it has on the I/O performance of the applications running in the VMs. In this dissertation, we demonstrate that the negative impact of virtualized hosts is mainly caused by two reasons. One is VM consolidation, the other one is virtualization device overhead. First, to alleviate the negative impact of VM consolidation on I/O performance, we introduce two solutions vSlicer and vTurbo. vSlicer enables more timely processing of I/O events by latency sensitive VMs (LSVMs), without violating the CPU share fairness among all CPU sharing VMs. vTurbo is a system that accelerates I/O processing for VMs by offloading I/O processing to a designated core, hence significantly improving the VMs network and disk I/O throughput. Second, we show that data movement in the cloud may incur tremendous overhead on different protection layers. Especially, when we directly move bigdata systems such as Hadoop to a virtualized cloud, we observe that device virtualization overhead affects I/O performance of the Hadoop distributed file system (HDFS). My developed work vRead , which enables "direct" read to the disk image of HDFS datanode VM at the hypervisor layer, can avoid most of the virtualization associated overheads and hence improve the I/O performance of applications running in the VMs.

Bioconversion of volatile fatty acids from macroalgae fermentation into microbial lipids by oleaginous yeast

XU, XU 포항공과대학교 일반대학원 2014 국내석사

Marine biomass is a potential green carbon resource for the production of bio-based energy and chemicals. Microbial lipids are also competitive in producing biodiesel. In this study, Laminaria japonica (also known as Saccharina japonica) was chosen as a model marine biomass due to the fast growth rate and well-established cultivation technology. In this study, the objective is to build a platform for microbial lipid production from L. japonica. The platform consisted two parts: first, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were produced by L.japonica fermentation with a mixed culture; second, the VFAs were utilized by oleaginous yeasts in order to produce intracellular lipids. Two different feeding and operating strategy was tested. The first system was a batch to batch process in which both processes of seaweed fermentation and lipid production were conducted in batch cultivation. However, the second system was a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) to repeated fed-batch system, which means L.japonica was fermented in a continuous system and lipid production was operated in a repeated fed-batch system. Finally, it indicated that the CSTR to repeated fed-batch system was much more efficient than the former system. The average yield and productivity of total organic acids during the stationary phase were as high as 0.47 g/g COD and 2.45 g/L/day at pH 7 with 84.08 % of acetate in total organic acids. In the lipid production process, the highest lipid content was 61 %. The composition of the fatty acids was quite similar to that of vegetable oils.

A Study of Korean and Chinese Traditional Accounting in the Early 20th Century : Focusing on Hyeon Byeong-ju (1916) and Xu Yongzuo (1933)

Wen, Zhang Academy of Korean Studies 2018 국내석사

A Study on the Translations of the Analects of Confucius

Xu Liu 충북대학교 2021 국내석사

With the wide spread of Chinese culture and the establishment of Confucius institutes all over the world, the Analects of Confucius is more and more popular among readers. Since the beginning of western translation at the end of the 16th century, there have been many versions of the Analects of Confucius, among them dozens of the first-batch English versions. The Analects of Confucius plays an important role in the dissemination of Chinese culture. However, in spite of the increasing number of English versions, there are few studies on English translation, such as which English version is more suitable for foreign readers, and whether the version is accurate. Although the English translation of the Analects of Confucius is diversified from the beginning, most of the translation versions are from the perspective of the translator's subjectivity, and only a small part of the articles focus on the historical background of the translator. In recent years, with the occurrence of the "cultural turn", the scope of translation studies has gradually expanded from the original pure text study to the socio-cultural background study, which has a great impact on translation studies. (Rong Qianwen 159) Translation school, as one of the representatives of cultural turn, also advocates that translation studies should be linked with politics, economy, culture and other, social systems. This paper studies the influence of social background on the translator's translation practice in a comprehensive context. Therefore, I think the social background of the author has a greater influence on translation. In this paper, I will make a comparative study of the three influential English versions translated by James Legge, Roger T. Ames and Xu Yuanchong from the perspective of the translator’s historical background. This paper makes a detailed comparison and analysis of the three versions by introducing the translator's translation background, translation style and examples, and elaborates the three versions from the aspect of translation background, translation purpose, characteristics and mistranslation. It is found that the translator’s translation intention varies with different social backgrounds, which leads to great differences in the selection of words in the process of translation. It can be concluded that social background has a great influence on the translator's translation characteristics. This paper has great significance because the Analects of Confucius as a Chinese classic has non-negligible meaning, and the translation of the Analects of Confucius which has a history of 100 years has the research value. Under different historical backgrounds, different historical periods and different personal experience, the translator's translation starting point and word selection are not the same. This also leads to the difference in translation style and translation. However, in today's increasingly globalized world, Chinese classics can be read by readers across the world. From the perspective of the translator's historical background, this paper makes a comparative study of the well-known translation versions in the world, and discusses the excellent versions in the comprehensive context. It is of great significance to the study of the English translation of the Analects of Confucius and the proactive dissemination of Chinese classics.

Authoritarian Control in the Age of Digital Surveillance

Xu, Xu ProQuest Dissertations & Theses The Pennsylvania S 2019 해외박사(DDOD)

While there has been a lot of research in the past two decades on the institutions and instruments dictators use to stay in power, not much attention is paid to state surveillance. Traditionally, autocratic regimes rely on secret police and human informants for social control. In recent decades, the world's autocracies increasingly employ digital surveillance to spy on citizens with the help of technologies such as spyware, metadata collection, high-resolution cameras, facial recognition, and even artificial intelligence. China is a country that stands out from most of its autocratic peers in terms of both the scale and the technological advancement of digital surveillance. This dissertation examines the influences of digital surveillance on political repression, welfare provision, social trust, and civic participation in authoritarian settings. Although the evidence is based on China, this dissertation has broad implications for today's dictatorships and even democracies.This dissertation composes three main chapters. The first chapter looks at how digital surveillance shapes the strategies authoritarian regimes employ to retain power. The core result is that digital surveillance increases targeted repression and decreases non-exclusive co-optation, thereby reducing citizens' welfare in authoritarian regimes. In the second chapter, I examine how digital surveillance influences citizen behavior. This chapter uses an in-the-field survey experiment with a sample of over 500 university students in North and West China to compare digital surveillance with traditional, informant-based surveillance. The core finding is that digital surveillance, like informant-based surveillance, deters political expression and protest participation but this digital repression, unlike human informants, does so without lowering interpersonal trust and regime legitimacy. The last chapter looks at public opinion on digital surveillance in authoritarian regimes. I use an original in-the-field survey experiment with a sample of over 750 college students in North, East, and West China and a nationwide survey with a sample of over 2,200 Chinese netizens to examine individuals' attitudes towards China's new Social Credit System—a surveillance system that rewards and punishes citizens based on their "creditworthiness". I find that government propaganda increases public support of digital surveillance by concealing surveillance's repressive potential. Together, these three chapters provide a new look at how digital surveillance influences the politics of authoritarian regimes and shed light on the political consequences of digital surveillance in democracies.

Optimizations of manufacturability and manufacturing in nanometer-era VLSI

Xu, Xu University of California, San Diego 2006 해외박사(DDOD)

As optical lithography advances into the 65nm technology node and beyond, minimum feature size outpaces the lithography wavelength. As a result, mask/wafer manufacturing yield improvement and cost reduction have been widely accepted as key factors for aggressive technology scaling. This thesis is concerned with the following four manufacturability/manufacturing problems. Fracturing. Mask manufacturing for the 90nm and 65nm nodes increasingly deploys variable shaped-beam mask writing machines. The pervasive use of OPC leads to dramatic increase in the number of thin trapezoids, which significantly decrease the mask manufacturing yield. This thesis suggests an optimal integer linear programming based fracturing approach and fast heuristics which substantially reduce sliver count in comparison to leading commercial fracturing tools. MPW. Multi-project wafers (MPW) provide an attractive mask manufacturing cost reduction solution for low-volume production designs by sharing the cost of mask tooling among up to tens of designs. This thesis proposes a comprehensive MPW flow aimed at minimizing manufacturing cost through (1) multi-project reticle floorplanning, and (2) wafer shot-map and dicing plan definition. PSM. In the context of wafer manufacturing, Alternating-Aperture Phase Shift Masking (AAPSM) will be used to image critical features on the polysilicon layer at advanced technology nodes. This technology imposes additional constraints on IC layouts, beyond traditional design rules. Phase conflicts must be detected and removed to enable the use of AAPSM. This thesis makes two key contributions: (1) a new, computationally efficient approach to detect a minimal set of phase conflicts, which when corrected will produce a phase-assignable layout; and (2) a novel layout modification scheme for correcting phase conflicts in standard-cell blocks. Redundant vias. Finally, a large part of wafer manufacturing yield loss is due to via voids, which can be relieved by redundant via insertion or via doubling. This thesis proposes perfect matching based post-route via doubling which achieves optimum yield improvement. Redundant interconnects or "short loops" are also applied to maximize the number of doubled vias. Experimental results show that near 100% via doubling coverage can be achieved with simultaneously optimal redundant via and short loop insertion in the post-route stage.

한국어 시간 관계 연결어미의 의미 확장에 대한 연구

XU CHUNHUA 아주대학교 일반대학원 2018 국내박사

한국어 시간 관계 연결어미의 의미 확장에 대한 연구 XU CHUNHUA 본고는 한국어 시간 관계 연결어미가 나타내는 다의성을 인지언어학적 관점으로 규명하고 시간 관계 연결어미의 의미 확장 양상을 밝히는 것을 목적으로 한다. 2장에서는 시간 관계 연결어미의 개념과 분류, 연구방법론을 기술하였다. 연구방법론으로서 주로 ‘범주화’, ‘언어 형식의 다의성’, ‘은유와 환유’, ‘의미 성분 분석’, ‘전경과 배경의 구별’ 등에 대해 논의했다. 의미 확장은 점진적인 과정이므로 문맥에서 추론해 낸 의미들은 크게 함축 의미와 독립된 확장 의미로 나눌 수 있다. 그리고 추론 의미가 관습화되었는지 여부를 판정하기 위하여 두 가지 판정 기준을 제안하였다. 하나는 추론 의미의 통사적인 특성을 원형 의미와 비교함으로써 판정하는 것이고 다른 하나는 추론 의미의 의미적 특성을 원형 의미와 비교함으로써 판정하는 것이다. 3장에서는 동시 관계 연결어미의 특성과 의미 확장에 대해 논의하였다. ‘-면서’는 원형 의미인 ‘동시’를 중심으로 주로 ‘나열, 대립, 기동, 원인, 방법’ 등 의미로 확장됨을 보여주었다. ‘동시에서 나열로’의 확장은 유사성에 기반한 은유적 확장으로, ‘동시에서 대립’과 ‘동시에서 방법’과 ‘동시에서 기동’으로의 확장은 개념적 인접성에 기반한 환유적 확장으로 보았다. ‘원인’과 ‘방법’은 아직 함축 의미이고 나머진 의미들은 모두 독립성을 획득해서 ‘-면서’의 독립된 확장 의미가 되었다. 그리고 동시의 ‘-고’는 주로 ‘방법’으로 확장되고 이때의 확장 과정에 적용하는 기제는 환유이며 ‘방법’은 함축 의미이다. 4장에서는 계기 관계 연결어미의 특성과 의미 확장에 대해 논의하였다. 계기의 ‘-고’는 주로 ‘원인’, ‘방법’ 등의 의미로 확장됨을 보여주었다. 계기에서 원인으로의 확장과 계기에서 방법으로의 확장은 모두 자매적 인접 개념에 기반한 환유적 확장이다. 그리고 ‘원인’은 주로 원형 의미의 시간적 속성을 바탕으로 추론된 것이며 ‘방법’은 주로 원형 의미의 ‘완료 지속상’이라는 상적 속성을 바탕으로 추론된 것이다. ‘원인’은 아직 함축 의미이며 ‘방법’은 이미 관습화되어 ‘-고’의 독립된 확장 의미가 되었다. 계기의 ‘-어서’는 주로 ‘원인, 방법, 시간적 배경, 목적’ 등 의미로 확장되며 ‘-다가’는 주로 ‘원인’, ‘조건’, ‘배경’, ‘대조’, ‘반복’ 등 의미로 확장됨을 보여주었다. 한편 계기의 ‘-자’는 주로 ‘원인, 발견, 인식영역의 원인, 일반적 계기’ 등으로 확장된다. ‘계기에서 원인으로’의 확장은 의미성분이 추가됨으로써 인접 개념영역으로 확장되는 자매적 인접개념에 기반한 환유적 확장이며 ‘즉시적 계기’에서 ‘일반적 계기’로의 확장은 의미 성분이 삭제됨으로써 하위 범주가 상위 범주를 지시하는 개념영역의 인접성에 기반한 환유적 확장이다. ‘계기에서 발견으로’의 확장은 유사성에 기반한 은유적 확장으로 보았다. 5장에서는 시간 관계 연결어미의 의미 확장의 특성을 인지언어학적 관점에서 정리하였다. 우선 동시 관계 연결어미의 의미 확장 양상을 비교분석했고 다음으로 계기 관계 연결어미의 의미 확장 양상을 비교분석했다. 시간 관계 연결어미의 의미 확장을 1차적으로 은유적 확장과 환유적 확장으로 분류하였다. 그리고 시간 관계 연결어미의 은유적 확장은 다시 추상화 확장과 구체화 확장으로, 환유적 확장은 다시 상하 관계에 기반한 환유와 자매적 인접개념에 기반한 환유로 분류하였다. 6장은 결론으로서 논의를 간략히 요약하고 본고에서 미처 해결하지 못한 문제들을 알아보고 앞으로의 과제를 제시하였다.

Individual differences in the representation of mental activities

Xu, Xu Northern Illinois University 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

This research investigated how mental activities such as to contemplate, to infer, and to recollect are represented in the mind and what are the potential impacts of two factors, metacognition and language ability, on mental activity representation. Experiment 1 applied multidimensional scaling analysis to similarity ratings of verb pairs. Consistent with a previous study, certainty level and information processing status emerged as two principal dimensions along which complex mental activity concepts were organized. Further, participants who were more reflective or who were more proficient in language weighted more on affect involved in mental activities. Experiment 2 evaluated participants' descriptions of mental activity concepts with latent semantic analysis and found that metacognitive tendencies differentiated participants in terms of the aspect(s) in which they expressively distinguished input function activities from output function activities. Experiment 3 used a sensibility judgment task to test whether the input/output feature is grounded in bodily movement. A mental action-sentence compatibility effect (MACE) was found, which suggested an embodied basis for the directional component (input vs. output) in the representation of mental activities. Comparatively, both high metacognitive tendencies and high language ability were associated with less interference of the MACE during online processing of mental activity concepts. The implications of findings on mental activity representation and individual differences are discussed.

Topics on the Design of Experiments

Xu, Xu The University of Wisconsin - Madison 2014 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation focuses on developing several new experimental design methodologies for computer experiments, sequential designs, and data pooling. First, we propose a new type of design, called a Sudoku-based space-filling design. Such a design can be divided into groups of subdesigns such that the complete design and each subdesign achieve maximum uniformity in both univariate and bivariate margins. Second, we propose a new type of design, called a Samurai Sudoku-based space-filling design. Unlike the Sudoku-based space-filling designs, the overlapping properties of these designs can be used for quantifying the differences across the data sources. Third, we propose a new sequential design method, called level-expansion, motivated by a practical problem of sequential synthesis of nanowires. Besides nanotechnology, this method applies broadly to problems in many other scientific fields with similar traits where a follow-up design is needed for the dual purposes of investigating nonlinear effects and dealising. Fourth, we propose a new type of design, called a sliceable 4-level design for possible data pooling. Such a design is robust with two attractive properties: (1) The overall design is a 4-level orthogonal array. If pooling is possible, a combined analysis is efficient for estimating up to third-order effects; (2) This design can be divided into subdesigns, each of which is a 2-level orthogonal array. If pooling is impossible, a separate analysis is efficient for estimating first-order effects.