Three Dissertation Viola Recitals: British Miniatures, The Wartime Viola, and Transcriptions of Vadim Borisovsky

Willey, Kristina E ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Mich 2017 해외박사(DDOD)

Three viola recitals were given in lieu of a written dissertation. The music in these recitals was chosen to demonstrate the growth of solo viola repertoire in the twentieth century, especially in Europe. The first recital, British Miniatures for Viola, included music from the modern English musical renaissance, when British composers sought to be free from foreign influences and create a truly British sound. Most of the pieces were commissioned by, or dedicated to, Lionel Tertis. A strong proponent for the viola, Tertis transcribed many pieces for the viola and urged composers to write for the instrument. The second recital, The Wartime Viola, focused on viola sonatas written near the end of the Second World War (1943-1946) by composers from western countries. This recital included the only American music, a short Elegy by Elliott Carter. The other three were sonatas by composers from England, France, and Italy. The final recital, Transcriptions of Vadim Borisovsky, featured all Russian music transcribed for viola(s) and piano. Borisovsky's work for the viola in Russia has rightly been compared to Lionel Tertis's work in England. He is considered the father of the Russian Viola School and credited with bringing the viola to a position of respect rather than indifference in Russia. Tuesday, December 13, 7:30 p.m., Britton Recital Hall, The University of Michigan. Joshua Marzan, piano, Catherine Willey, cello, Celia van den Bogert, harp. Percy Grainger Arrival Platform Humlet; Percy Grainger "The Sussex Mummer's Christmas Carol"; Rebecca Clarke Passacaglia on an Old English Tune; Rebecca Clarke Two Pieces for Viola and Cello, "Lullaby," "Grotesque"; Ralph Vaughan Williams/Watson Forbes Fantasia on "Greensleeves"; Ralph Vaughan Williams Suite for Viola and Orchestra, Group 1, I. Prelude, II. Carol, III. Christmas Dance, Group 2, I. Ballad, II. Moto Perpetuo, Group 3, I. Musette, II. Polka Melancolique, III. Galop. Friday, February 10, 7:30 p.m., Stamps Recital Hall, The University of Michigan. Joshua Marzan, piano. Elliott Carter Elegy for Viola and Piano; Lennox Berkeley Viola Sonata in D minor, I. Allegro ma non troppo, II. Adagio, III. Allegro; Darius Milhaud Sonata No. 2 for Viola and Piano, I. Champetre, II. Dramatique, III. Rude; Giovanni "Nino" Rota Viola Sonata in C, I. Allegretto Scorrevole, II. Andante Sostenuto, III. Allegro Scorrevole. Saturday, April 15, 7:30 p.m., Watkins Lecture Hall, The University of Michigan. Joshua Marzan, piano, Rebekah Willey, viola. Pyotr Tchaikovsky/Vadim Borisovsky Nocturne in D minor; Modest Mussorgsky/Vadim Borisovsky "Hopak"; Sergei Prokofiev/Vadim Borisovsky Excerpts from the Ballet Romeo and Juliet, "Introduction," "The Street Awakens," "The Young Juliet," "Minuet: Arrival of the Guests," "Dance of the Knights," "Mercutio," "Balcony Scene," "Carnival," "Dance with Mandolins," "Romeo and Juliet at Friar Lawrence's," "Death of Mercutio," "Morning Serenade," "Farewell Before Parting and Death of Juliet.".

Ultrasonic guided wave tomography for wall thickness mapping in pipes

Willey, Carson L University of Cincinnati ProQuest Dissertations & 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

Corrosion and erosion damage pose fundamental challenges to operation of oil and gas infrastructure. In order to manage the life of critical assets, plant operators must implement inspection programs aimed at assessing the severity of wall thickness loss (WTL) in pipelines, vessels, and other structures. Maximum defect depth determines the residual life of these structures and therefore represents one of the key parameters for robust damage mitigation strategies. In this context, continuous monitoring with permanently installed sensors has attracted significant interest and currently is the subject of extensive research worldwide. Among the different monitoring approaches being considered, significant promise is offered by the combination of guided ultrasonic wave technology with the principles of model based inversion under the paradigm of what is now referred to as guided wave tomography (GWT). Guided waves are attractive because they propagate inside the wall of a structure over a large distance. This can yield significant advantages over conventional pulse-echo thickness gage sensors that provide insufficient area coverage --- typically limited to the sensor footprint. While significant progress has been made in the application of GWT to plate-like structures, extension of these methods to pipes poses a number of fundamental challenges that have prevented the development of sensitive GWT methods. This thesis focuses on these challenges to address the complex guided wave propagation in pipes and to account for parametric uncertainties that are known to affect model based inversion and which are unavoidable in real field applications. The main contribution of this work is the first demonstration of a sensitive GWT method for accurately mapping the depth of defects in pipes. This is achieved by introducing a novel forward model that can extract information related to damage from the complex waveforms measured by pairs of guided wave transducers mounted on the pipe. An inversion method that iteratively uses the forward model is then developed to form a map of wall thickness for the entire pipe section comprised between two ring arrays of ultrasonic transducers that encircle the pipe. It is shown that time independent parametric uncertainties relative to the pipe manufacturing tolerances, transducers position, and ultrasonic properties of the material of the pipe can be minimized through a differential approach that is aimed at determining the change in state of the pipe relative to a reference condition. On the other hand, time dependent parametric uncertainties, such as those caused by temperature variations, can be addressed by exploiting the spatial diversity of array measurements and the non-contact nature of electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs). The range of possible applications of GWT to pipes is investigated through theoretical and numerical studies aimed at developing an understanding of how the performance of GWT varies depending on damage morphology, pipe geometry, and array configuration.

Explaining the vote: Claiming credit and managing blame in the United States Senate

Willey, Elaine Ann The Ohio State University 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

Members of the United States Senate have choices about how to convey their Washington activities to their constituents. This study examines one of those choices: whether or not to explain a significant roll call vote. This study goes to the archival record to determine how members explain these votes in press releases, in newspaper coverage, in mass mailings, and on the floor of the Senate. Through analysis of three bills before the 106<super> th</super> Congress, the study shows that there are key factors which affect the propensity for members to explain. This study uses content analysis to look at senators' explanations of their votes on the 1999 Juvenile Justice Act, the 1999 Bankruptcy Reform Act, and the U.S.-China Relations Act of 2000. It examines both the explanations that members give for their own votes as well as the statements that they issue regarding the behavior of the Senate as a whole. Further, the study argues that members give explanations with two goals in mind: claiming credit and managing blame. The importance of the bill to the member's constituency, the member's electoral concerns, and other characteristics such as the member's position in the chamber are shown to affect the propensity for senators to offer these explanations. The study discussed here makes three main contributions to the existing literature. First, it refocuses the examinations of political accounts toward the antecedents of these explanations. It demonstrates that not only how members vote, but how they explain these votes are important parts of the representation process. Second, the study also refocuses attention to explanations given both for positive and negative behavior. Finally, the study demonstrates a gulf between how senators wish to convey their representation (through their press releases) and how this representation is actually conveyed to the public (through news coverage). This work sets the stage for other studies of explanations in a political context.

Religion news and social responsibility: "The Dallas Morning News" experience (Texas)

Willey, Susan Gzehoviak University of Missouri - Columbia 1999 해외박사(DDOD)

This study examines the concept of press responsibility in religion news reports, using a case study of <italic>The Dallas Morning News </italic>' six-page religion section and the framework of the Hutchins Commission's five requirements for a free and responsible press. The study examines three facets of <italic>The Dallas Morning News</italic>' religion section: its history, the reactions to the section from the wider journalism community, and a critical analysis of two constructed samples of religion stories. The samples include religion stories that were published on page one of the A section as well as the religion section itself. Using qualitative methodology and criteria established by the Hutchins Commission, the study examines how well <italic>The Dallas Morning News</italic>, in its religion coverage, is fulfilling the commission's five requirements of press responsibility. The study found that <italic>The Dallas Morning News</italic>' religion section helped establish the legitimacy of religion as news and perhaps is affecting the redefinition of news itself by expanding the news frame to include moral and ethical issues. The study also found that the religion stories that most often met the Hutchins Commission's standards for a responsible press were those written by religion news specialists, who were not only competent reporters, but also were knowledgeable about religion. In addition, the study found that religion news is best able to meet the Hutchins' requirements that reflect traditional journalistic expectations and roles, such as providing informational and educational news. Religion news is severely challenged, however, when it attempts to present and clarify the values and goals of society and, in general, fails to include enough source diversity to fully identify and explore competing values and ethical dilemmas. The study revealed that religion news has not yet reached its full potential to insert religiously based moral and ethical perspectives into public discourse to enrich democracy and to clarify, as the commission wrote, “the ideals toward which a community should strive.&rdquo.

Discovering a Higher Law: Cicero's Creation of a Roman Constitution

Willey, Andrew James University of Minnesota 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

Political legitimacy is often characterized as a particularly modern concern, and, it is argued, one never broached by ancient political thinkers. The electoral contests of the Roman Republic, under this traditional view, have been seen as merely the marshalling of public support and the quid pro quo infighting of the great Roman families. A completely different story is revealed, however, by a close reading of Cicero's early speeches. The political atmosphere of the Republic, far from being an ideologically sterile wasteland, was in fact a fertile source of political ideas and competing political ideologies. It was in these early speeches, after all, that Cicero began building his public reputation. Although he was a newcomer to Roman politics (novus homo - 'new man'), his early speeches reveal the great effort (and risks) he took to articulate a coherent political program: a set of ideas about the Republic, its laws and constitution that set him apart from his contemporaries. Thus this project shows how Cicero's early private speeches, the Pro Roscio Amerino, the In Verrem, and the Pro Caecina, should be read as important steps in the construction of both Cicero's political thought and his public persona. In these speeches, Cicero laid out his vision for the Roman Republic, and this vision is, in its essence, a constitutional vision. His earliest speeches emphasize, repeatedly and consistently, the necessity of building a constitutional and limited Republic as the only route of escape from the troubles which were vexing Roman society. A government is made legitimate, Cicero argues, by those things it chooses not to do. Instead, a legitimate government recognizes and acknowledges that certain actions are simply unthinkable, illegitimate, and fundamentally unconstitutional. This vision of a limited and legitimate Res Publica, then, helps to explain some of Cicero's electoral appeal in his own time and his continuing influence in our own.

Health Professions Student Education in Cultural Competence

Willey, Bridgett J ProQuest Dissertations & Theses The University of 2018 해외박사(DDOD)

Disparities in health outcomes exist between patients of color and lower socioeconomic standing and White upper and middle-class patients. There also exists a long history of discrimination toward patients in the former categories and a predominantly White health care workforce. To address these disparities and discrimination, the idea of educating the healthcare workforce in cultural competency was developed (Cross, Bazron, Dennis, & Isaacs, 1989). Cultural competency education was implemented into professional health care training curriculum starting in the late 1990's. The idea of being "competent" in any aspect of health care is not considered instantaneously achievable and instead, is achieved slowly, with study and practice, over time (Axley, 2008). Several qualitative studies examining cultural competency education exist within the literature. These studies generally do not contain any specific information regarding a standardized curriculum or accepted definition of cultural competence. No studies evaluate or examine learning from the student perspective. Narrative inquiry, a qualitative methodology which examines stories of both individual and collective experience, contextualized within social spaces, over time, respects and honors the stories of the participants while providing the researcher with new knowledge and understanding (Clandinin, 2013; Clandinin & Connelly, 2000). Using narrative inquiry to examine these learning experiences, as told in the students' own voices, may provide new understandings of how White health professions students engage in learning about cultural competency.

The cultural formulation of national security policy in the United States and Japan

Willey, Kristin Raphaele University of Minnesota 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

Although Japan and the United States are two of the world's most powerful and wealthy nations and share many of the same security concerns, they differ in the approaches they adopt towards formulating national security policy. In the post-World War II period, Japan has followed a middle course between pacifism and the overt militarism of the pre-World War II years. The United States, by contrast, appears prone to extremism in its formulations of national security policy, forsaking compromise or middle positions in favor of all-or-nothing propositions. I argue that this difference is best understood culturally. This project presents a culturally informed analysis of pivotal moments in American and Japanese history in order to explain otherwise puzzling contemporary American and Japanese strategic choices, specifically Japanese military expansion and American movement towards deployment of a national missile defense. I focus on moments during which understandings of national security have been contested: in the United States, I focus on the Spanish American War, the end of World War II, and the contemporary national missile defense debate. In Japan, I concentrate on the Russo-Japanese War, the end of World War II, and current Japanese military expansion, including the expanding roles of the Self-Defense Forces and debates over Constitutional revision. In each period, I focus on the debates surrounding these reformulations of national security policy---what is taken for granted, what is excluded, and what become dominant understandings. In each case study, I investigate discourses prominent in the contemporary debates, but which also have generated academic attention in other contexts. In the United States, I examine the discourses of threat perception, faith in technology, and understandings about security; in Japan, I examine the discourses of security and national identity. I ground each debate in its historical context as well as compare the debates cross-temporally to investigate both the generation and continuity of American and Japanese formulations of national security policy, formulations which, in their differences, demonstrate their cultural underpinnings.

Characterization of functionalized self-assembled monolayers and surface-attached interlocking molecules using near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy

Willey, Trevor Michael University of California, Davis 2004 해외박사(DDOD)

Quantitative knowledge of the fundamental structure and substrate binding, as well as the direct measurement of conformational changes, are essential to the development of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) and surface-attached interlocking molecules, catenanes and rotaxanes. These monolayers are vital to development of nano-mechanical, molecular electronic, and biological/chemical sensor applications. This dissertation investigates properties of functionalized SAMs in sulfur-gold based adsorbed molecular monolayers using quantitative spectroscopic techniques including near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (NEXAFS) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The stability of the gold-thiolate interface is addressed. A simple model SAM consisting of dodecanethiol adsorbed on Au(111) degrades significantly in less than 24 hours under ambient laboratory air. S 2p and O 1s XPS show the gold-bound thiolates oxidize to sulfinates and sulfonates. A reduction of organic material on the surface and a decrease in order are observed as the layer degrades. The effect of the carboxyl vs. carboxylate functionalization on SAM structure is investigated. Carboxyl-terminated layers consisting of long alkyl-chain thiols vs. thioctic acid with short, sterically separated, alkyl groups are compared and contrasted. NEXAFS shows a conformational change, or chemical switchability, with carboxyl groups tilted over and carboxylate endgroups more upright. Surface-attached loops and simple surface-attached rotaxanes are quantitatively characterized, and preparation conditions that lead to desired films are outlined. A dithiol is often insufficient to form a molecular species bound at each end to the substrate, while a structurally related disulfide-containing polymer yields surface-attached loops. Similarly, spectroscopic techniques show the successful production of a simple, surface-attached rotaxane that requires a "molecular riveting" step to hold the mechanically attached crown ether rings in place until disulfides in the molecules adsorb onto the gold. Finally, by introducing an aldehyde into the crown ether portion of this well-characterized surface-attached rotaxane, conformational changes are directly measured when the aldehyde is reacted with aniline. These fundamental results have implications for the creation of nanoscale functional surfaces using molecular monolayers.

A Case Study of Two Teachers Attempting to Create Active Mathematics Discourse Communities with Latinos

Willey, Craig Joseph University of Illinois at Chicago 2013 해외박사(DDOD)

This is a qualitative study of two English-dominant mathematics teachers, who I refer to as "monolingual" because they speak only English and do not speak competently or extensively the cultural language of their students. This study explores how these teachers plan, implement, and reflect upon lessons with respect to their bilingual, urban Latina/o students. Ethnographic methods -- such as participant observation in classroom activities, formal and informal interviews, regular dialogue, and analysis of artifacts -- were used to understand the meaning the teachers attribute to their teaching practices. Given Latina/o students' unique strengths and needs, this study aims to garner a better sense of how these teachers develop mathematics learning communities -- specifically, Mathematics discourse Communities (MdC's) -- that emphasize opportunities for students to talk mathematically and work together, in an effort to help shape meaningful mathematical experiences. The need for this study is predicated on the fact that the majority of teachers are White and monolingual, thus precluding them from experiential knowledge of what it means to be Latina/o in school, learn a second language, and develop complex mathematical understandings in a second language. Therefore, a closer examination is warranted of how teachers attempt to create MdC's that underscore mathematics discourse as an integral component to mathematical development. This study produced three primary findings: 1) There are tensions around the teachers' efforts to take up and interrogate the concept of MdC's. Planning sessions rarely take into consideration the unique strengths and needs of emerging bilingual students, yet, at the same time, this planning is driven by particular ideologies about Latinas/os and mathematics learning. Furthermore, a lack of a conceptual framework emphasizing inclusion lead to teacher difficulties including Latina/o students in mathematical discourses and helping them access the mathematical concepts at hand -- especially those students who are developing proficiency in English. 2) There is confusion as to what constitutes mathematics discourse and its role in developing mathematical understanding, and how to create discursive structures to support students' development of mathematics discourse. Teachers view mathematics discourse as the repetitive use and overt emphasis of key, technical words commonly associated with mathematics, and incorporated mathematical writing in limited ways. 3) The teachers maintain distinct language ideologies and perceptions of Latina/o learners that tacitly influence their design and implementation of MdC's. This leads to uncertainty about what is within or outside of their responsibilities as mathematics teachers of Latina/o students, including supporting students as they take on the additional task of learning English, and specifically, mathematical discourse. The findings lead to additional questions: How are teachers socialized to think about, build upon the strengths of, and address the needs of Latinas/os? What is it about the two teachers' histories and professional training that leaves them ill-prepared -- socially, academically, and otherwise -- to directly interact with newcomers, innovate ways to capitalize on students' native language, and intentionally plan for mathematics discourse development? A sociopolitical analysis of this phenomenon is certainly in order. This kind of examination requires us to look carefully at Latina/o learners' mathematical identity formation over time in relation to the normative ways of doing mathematics they have experienced. In other words, we need to continue to develop the theoretical and analytical construct of Mathematics discourse Communities to allow us to account for micro-interactions between teacher and students in light of the sociocultural histories of the teachers, as well as the sociopolitical context within which they teach.

Environmental and pedogenic change in the central Great Plains from the middle Wisconsinan to the present

Willey, Karen L University of Kansas 2009 해외공개박사

During the middle Wisconsinan, the Gilman Canyon Formation (GCF), consisting of three loess units and three soils, formed on the loess plateaus of the central Great Plains about 40-25 ka. Stable carbon isotope analysis of the lower two GCF loess units (L1 and L2) at the type locality in southwestern Nebraska, Buzzard's Roost, revealed a mixed C3/C 4 grassland. Strongest pedogenesis (GCF S3) and C4-dominance correlated strongly with a peak in summer insolation for the northern latitudes. Soil 2 (S2), L3 and a weakly-expressed S1 developed successively as insolation values declined and delta13C values synchronously dropped back, reflecting the emerging boreal environments of the Late Wisconsinan and deposition of the Peoria Loess. As the Pleistocene ended, Peoria Loess deposition waned sufficiently for pedogenesis to prevail across the central Great Plains, resulting in development of the upland Brady Soil and temporal equivalents in other landscape positions. Climate warmed rapidly between early (13-11 ka) and late (10-9 ka) development of the Brady Soil. Early Holocene temperatures, inferred from carbon isotopic signatures of the Brady Soil, rose 8-10°C above those of the Late Pleistocene. The Holocene record in loess sections of the central Great Plains generally lacks resolution for environmental reconstruction, but canyons systems of the upper Republican River suggest massive Altithermal erosion from c 8-5 ka. T-2 alluviation, with periodic soil formation, ensued from c 5 ka to onset of the Medieval Warm Period (c 1 ka), when erosion initiated a fresh gully cycle. Modern soils at Konza in northeastern Kansas suggest that delta 13C in C4 environments such as those of the GCF S3 and the Brady Soil are insensitive to minor variability with landscape position and can therefore be confidently used for paleoenvironmental reconstruction despite the often unknown paleolandscape position of sampled paleosols. Further research is needed, however, to resolve the issue of low surface soil delta 13C values relative to biomass found in modern soils, a phenomenon that could lead to an under-representation of C4 plant contributions.