The Effects of Resource Dependency on Decisions by University Public Service Administrators for Service to the State through Local Government Training

Jones, Stacy Bishop ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Geor 2019 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

University public service administrators consider a range of factors in their decisions to revise or implement local government training programs in service to their state. Major among these factors are the influence of external stakeholders, university mission, metrics, labor and financial resources, and university location. Resource dependency also impacts the administrator’s decisions as revealed in organizational effectiveness, environmental awareness, and environmental constraints. The decline in state government dollars to support training local government officials affects the public service administrators' decisions as they experience external and internal forces in their environment.Interviews of public service organization senior administrators, directors, and managers at three research universities, combined with document analysis from the universities' websites and document analysis from training profiles from the Consortium of University Public Service Organizations, uncovered that administrators experience the influence of external stakeholders. These external actors interact with the administrators' awareness of university mission, metrics of effectiveness, labor and financial resource availability, and their own organizational placement in the university infrastructure for public service. This study concludes that university public service organization administrators make decisions on local government training within a metaphorical box of influences that is impacted by strong external influences from the state legislature and local government associations.

Settling for Less: How Organizations Shape Survivors’ Legal Ideologies around College Sexual Assault

Bedera, Nicole ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Mich 2021 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

It is well-established fact that sexual assault survivors who report the violence they endured to their universities are traumatized by the process, but there is little research on how these institutional betrayals are enacted or how they impact survivors’ legal and gender ideologies more broadly. This dissertation draws on twelve months of ethnographic observation of one university’s Title IX-affiliated offices and 76 interviews with survivors, perpetrators, and the administrators who oversaw their cases. I use these data to explore the organizational mechanisms of institutional betrayal and how survivors came to view betrayals as rational, inevitable, and, ultimately, their fault. The second chapter of my dissertation explores why there are so few Title IX investigations, even when survivors originally intended to report. Identified in my fieldwork as one of the most common institutional betrayals, I describe the power universities hold by creating and administering their own Title IX procedures, which makes survivors dependent on the organization to navigate Title IX proceedings. Accordingly, university administrators can subtly and overtly discourage survivors from engaging in Title IX processes that pose risk to the institution. Survivors quickly lose control over the trajectory of their cases, but lack the institutional knowledge to understand how their case took a different form from their original intentions or resist administrators’ efforts to neutralize their complaints. The third chapter of my dissertation examines how these power disparities lead survivors to blame themselves for the betrayals in their cases. Instead of holding their university accountable for denying their Title IX rights, survivors blame themselves for failing to overcome barriers to reporting, struggling to understand convoluted university policies and procedures, or for expecting too much of a process known to habitually fail survivors. As a result, survivors experience an institutional distortion of their legal rights that leads them to believe they have fewer options for recourse than the law guarantees them. This distortion creates new barriers in holding their university accountable for institutional betrayal or engaging in activist efforts. The fourth chapter of my dissertation investigates how Title IX administrators justify their roles in institutional betrayal. Specifically, I identify gendered rationalization frames of himpathy and hysteria that allow university administrators to reinterpret their primary goal as the protection of young men’s futures and consider inaction as the ideal outcome for a Title IX case. To defend this view from critique, they cast the Title IX process as irrelevant for survivors by claiming they were either mistaken in labeling an experience as violent or suffering from a trauma too severe for a Title IX process to repair. This chapter demonstrates that institutional betrayal in sexual assault cases is a gendered process, exposing (particularly women) survivors to more discrimination from the very office tasked with combatting gender inequality in education. Taken together, this dissertation provides evidence that universities’ management of sexual violence reinforces gender inequality. The ideological shifts survivors (and others involved in Title IX processes) experience during institutional betrayal likely extend beyond university campuses, contributing to the way sexual violence and the betrayal of survivors is normal and acceptable in broader society.

The Black Worker and the Knowledge Economy in Philadelphia: University-Led Displacement vs. Homeowner Democracy

Chandra, Meghna ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Penn 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This dissertation investigates the consequences of university-driven development in Philadelphia, especially for the African American communities that surround the University of Pennsylvania, Temple University, and Drexel University. It uses the theoretical contributions of W.E.B. Du Bois and David Harvey to conceptualize Philadelphia’s high rate of low-income homeownership as a product of the struggle of black workers and communities for democracy and the Right to the City. Thirty-three qualitative interviews with long-time residents, political activists, university administrators, and community institutions were conducted. Quantitative analysis including logistic regression analysis of Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (HMDA) data comparing outcomes in gentrifying and non-gentrifying neighborhoods and spatial K-cluster analysis were also conducted. Results show that university-driven development is leading to the conversion of single-family homes into apartment buildings and multifamily rentals, and a vision of the city in which developers, city officials, and university administrators wish to (in the words of one interviewee) “bring Manhattan to Philadelphia”. For homeowners, density is a shorthand for social, economic, and political displacement of the black working class and the disappearance of affordable homeownership opportunities. Density and affordable housing—and an ideology of urbanism—as conceptualized by city planners, university officials, developers, and new residents, clash with communities’ definitions of what the urban fabric of Philadelphia should be, as well as what truly affordable housing looks like. Furthermore, the influx of a student and professional population and its definition of progressivism has led to the political displacement of constituencies that have been shaped by black liberation movements. Resistance to university-driven development, whether it is the movement against the building of Temple’s Stadium, or the drive to “save-zone” neighborhoods by rezoning them from mixed residential to single family, are led by black homeowners to preserve homeownership and black electorates. They are rooted in the historic struggles of the black worker in Philadelphia. I conclude with a discussion of the context of decreasing rates of homeownership in the country as a threat to a truly democratic society.

Individual Merit or Institutional Strategy? Examining the Merit Scholarship Practices at a Public Flagship University

Barnes, Malerie Beth ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Colo 2024 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This dissertation study examines the ways that a large, public flagship university uses automatic-consideration merit scholarships to meet the goals of the institution, particularly as they relate to enrollment, university prestige, nonresident-to-resident balancing, and funding. Employing a mixed-methods design, the author uses qualitative and quantitative methods to investigate (1) how university enrollment management leaders define and operationalize merit by way of the automatic merit scholarship policies that they develop and oversee to meet university goals; (2) how expanded models of merit scholarships have impacted student outcomes around enrollment, retention, and academic performance in the past at the university; and (3) how, given the findings, leaders at the university ought to think about and operationalize merit, and policy recommendations that might offer a more expanded recognition of merit while not neglecting the university's political and financial reality.

Higher Education and Peacebuilding: A Comparative Case Study of Peace and Conflict Studies Programs in Kenyan Universities

Sikenyi, Maurice Makhanu ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Minn 2019 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This study aimed to understand the role of higher education and peacebuilding in Kenya. In particular, the study explored how university administrators, faculty, students and national officials understand peace, and how university-level peace and conflict studies programs were designed and implemented for peacebuilding in Kenya. The study entailed a year-long period of fieldwork that focused on two Kenyan universities, Amani University and Umoja University , and their PCS programs. It was structured as a comparative case study utilizing semi-structured interviewing, document review and participant observations. The primary findings of this study are as follows: First, participants viewed higher education institutions (universities) as critical actors in the consolidation of peace, and peace and conflict studies (PCS) programs as critical for peacebuilding. However, participants also viewed universities as enablers of ethnic divisions and a culture of violence, a problematic role which participants felt needed to be addressed in order to generate meaningful efforts of peacebuilding through higher education. Secondly, participants understood peace as an outcome of the practice of uwazi and undugu, sustainable development, freedom from corruption, ethnic inclusivity and cohesiveness, absence of physical violence, good leadership and dialogue and reconciliation. I argue that these participants' constructions of peace, reflected their tacit knowledge, aspirations and lived experiences of conflict and peace that were particular to Kenya and therefore constituted a peace knowledge. Thirdly, faculty utilized peace knowledge and critical pedagogy to design PCS curricula and drew on local knowledge and resources to develop students' knowledge, skills and agency for peace and justice. Additionally, students' perspectives revealed transformative experiences in PCS programs. These formations of new perspectives and awareness of peace illustrate the transformative element of a university learning experience and confirmed the critical role of university actors and programs in shaping actions and values for peace and sustainability. This study contributes to understandings of peace and the role of education in peacebuilding. It reveals the relational nature of peace, particularly the role of individual lived experiences as well as context-level factors in shaping perspectives on peace and conflict which differ from one region to another. Subsequently, findings of this research illustrate limitations and promises of higher education institutions (HEIs) as avenues for peacebuilding. In Kenya, HEIs were constrained by competing demands for institutional survival amidst diminishing state financing and the high demand for university level-education and certifications. Similarly, broader social and historical issues within universities and beyond inhibit institutional efforts for peacebuilding. For example, negative ethnicity, electoral malpractice, corruption and inequality in resource allocations are issues that are imbedded in the structural and social fabric of the society in Kenya and require system-wide approaches in addition to peace education. This study concludes that there is a need for governments and educators to advocate for and implement policies and practices that incorporate local knowledge in peace education curriculum. It also suggests the need for a system-wide policy that address social and structural practices that exacerbate tensions and violence within all institutions.

The Origination and Utilization of Titled Professorships at Indiana University, 1890s-1970s: A Historical Study

Broderick, Cynthia F Indiana University ProQuest Dissertations & Theses 2024 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

Titled professorships have existed within higher education since the creation of the first endowed professorship at Harvard College in 1721. Yet, only in the last one hundred years have titled professorships become a regular part of higher education nomenclature on a national scale. Neither the total number of titled professorships nor the total amount of money endowing titled professorships is tracked by any known higher education or philanthropical institution despite the proliferation of titled professorships within American higher education. Historical and philanthropic literature has not explored the impact of titled professorships on an institution or on those appointed to such titles in any comprehensive way outside of a limited number of studies exploring titled professorships within specific racial or gender identity groups or within academic disciplines like nursing, accounting, or various medical disciplines. This study offers a glimpse into the historical development and use of titled professorships within one American higher education institution, Indiana University.This historical study explores the origination and utilization of titled professorships at Indiana University (IU), a midwestern public university founded in 1820, from the establishment of its first titled professorships in 1915, through growth in the number of titled professorships and the faculty appointed to those professorships, to the establishment of criteria for consideration, nomination, and evaluation of nominees in the early 1970s. This study sets the stage by examining the evolution of the IU faculty from its earliest days, focusing on the growth of the institution in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, to the acquisition of its first endowed professorship in 1915. It explores the growth of the faculty along with the challenges university leadership faced in their efforts to increase the number and prestige of the institution's faculty. The study then presents the origination and appointment of titled professorships as one tool the university used to expand and retain its faculty. The study examines two distinct forms of titled professorships at IU-named, also known as endowed, professorships and university-established titled professorships-along with how the university cultivated and distributed these unique titles.

Academic Business: Professionalization and the University Business Officer

McWhorter, Lynn Price Auburn University ProQuest Dissertations & Theses 2014 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This dissertation examines the place of the college and university business officer in institutions of higher education across the U.S. South. In 1927, George Howell Mew, newly minted business officer at Emory University, was the driving force behind the creation of the Southern Association of College and University Business Officers [SACUBO]. Over the next fifty years members of SACUBO succeeded in creating an institution which transformed the business officer from a functionary who reported bookkeeping numbers to the board of trustees into an administrator and vice-president of the university. In the process, business officers helped transformed the college and university from an individual institution working with hundreds of students into campuses enrolling tens of thousands students and managing billions of dollars. A number of forces pushed college and university business officers into a position of responding to external pressures: philanthropy in the 1920s, research grants in the 1930s and 1940s, the need to train military personnel for wars from World War I into the 1980s and the accompanying regulations, the alliance of research universities with industry, and social pressures such as race relations and student protests. Though sometimes better than others, SACUBO helped college and university business officers navigate the complexities of the modern university.

Performance Optimization of Wireless Sensor Networks

Guo, Jun ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Cali 2019 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

In this dissertation, I study three factors, sensing quality, connectivity, and energy consumption in static/dynamic wireless sensor networks (WSNs). First, taking sensing quality and connectivity into account, I formulate the node deployment problem in both WSNs from a source coding perspective. According to our analysis, the techniques in regular quantizer can be applied to both homogeneous and heterogeneous WSNs. Second, a one-tier quantizer with parameterized distortion measures is proposed for 3-dimension node deployment problems. Similarly, a novel two-tier quantizer, which can be applied to energy conservation in two-tier WSNs consisting of N access points and M fusion centers, is appropriately defined and studied. In addition, to make a trade-off between sensing quality and communication energy consumption within static WSNs, routing algorithms are appropriately taken into the system model. Moreover, a comprehensive optimization problem is provided to process all three factors in a dynamic WSN where movement energy dominates total energy consumption. The necessary conditions for the optimal solutions in the above performance optimization problems are proposed in this dissertation. Based on these necessary conditions, a series of Lloyd-like algorithms are designed and implemented to optimize the performance in different WSNs. My experiment results show that the proposed algorithms outperform the existing algorithms in the corresponding WSNs.

Perspective Transformation Regarding Sustainability in Higher Education

Ortega, Jennifer ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Wisc 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

This study examined transformative sustainability learning (TSL) by determining the occurrence of perspective transformation (PT) regarding sustainability in sustainability-focused courses offered at a public university. 131 students in two upper-division general education courses with a sustainability-focused course designation were included in the study. Four course sections, two per course, were considered as four separate cases. Each course section was analyzed as its own case, then a cross-case analyses was performed among the four cases. Data was collected in the forms of mid-semester and end of course surveys; mid-semester focus groups; end of semester, semi-structured student interviews and class observations. An index was applied to the survey data to determine whether or not PT occurred for individual participants. Learning activities were identified as contributors to PT emphasizing the role instructors play and five subcategories of class learning experiences. Three key findings were drawn from this mixed-methods case study. First, PT regarding sustainability did occur in upper-division general education courses with a sustainability-focused course designation. Second, challenges and support from course instructors are important contributors to PT. Third, the subcategory of critical-thinking assignments had the highest number of class learning experiences reported by participants as contributing to PT. Recommendations for practitioners and researchers for professional development, continued refinement of the research design and further studies are offered. The conclusions drawn from the study are PT can occur in courses where PT regarding sustainability was not the primary outcome and multiple class learning experiences that build upon one another seem to create a synergy that is more impactful than a single class learning experience on PT.

Advanced Imaging Methods Unveil New Mechanisms Transcriptional Regulation in the Context of Nuclear Organization

McSwiggen, David T ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Cali 2019 해외박사(DDOD)

소속기관이 구독 중이 아닌 경우 오후 4시부터 익일 오전 9시까지 원문보기가 가능합니다.

It has long been appreciated that organization of macromolecules within the cell is paramount to proper cellular function. As the number of tools in the molecular and cell biologist’s toolbox grows, the list of ways cells achieve organization also grows. This is especially true for the process of transcription and its regulation, where the fundamental questions remain a challenge to address, but where a convergence of genetic, genomic, structural and imaging techniques offer the possibility of answers. The proper loading of an RNA polymerase on a gene requires the coordinated action of hundreds of proteins and other macro molecules, as well as cellular genome to be maintained in a topologically permissive state; yet as a system, gene regulation requires interactions to be dynamic enough to respond to the changing needs of the cell in response to internal and external ques. How a cell constructs a system that is, on the one hand robust, and on the other hand flexible remains a challenge to answer.In Chapter 1 of this thesis, we will introduce the study of transcription regulation as a general topic, and discuss a number of fluorescence imaging techniques that have fundamentally changed the our understanding of transcription regulation. Chapter 2 will focus on one particular aspect of cellular organization which has recently come into vogue—that of membraneless compartment formation through liquid-liquid phase separation. A thorough investigation of the literature, particularly in light of the experiments which we foreshadow and introduce in more depth in Chapter 3, suggests that much more work is needed before phase separation as a means of biological organization can become a general paradigm. Chapter 3 presents a particularly poignant example of the issues raised in Chapter 2. Using Herpes Simplex Virus as a model system because of its ability to form compartments in the nucleus, we demonstrate that recruitment of Pol II and other proteins can be explained through the availability of nonspecific binding sites rather than phase separation. Lastly, Chapter 4 will present technical findings on the optimal fluorescent dyes to use for in vivo labeling of proteins for imaging applications.In summary, this dissertation underscores the way in which new imaging techniques reveal new biological principles and challenge old models. It will be of great interest to watch these ideas and techniques mature beyond the work presented in this dissertation.