Investigation of anti-prostate cancer effect of antler extract

Yujiao Tang 건국대학교 일반대학원 2017 국내박사

Abstract Effect of sika deer (Cervus nippon) velvet antler extract on the expression of angiogenesis and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related genes in prostate xenograft tumors Yujiao Tang Department of Animal Bio and Applied Chemistry Science Graduate School of Konkuk University Our previous in vitro study showed that antler extract (AE) decreased prostate cancer (PC) cell migration. In the present study, we determined whether the extract possessed inhibitory effects in a PC xenograft model and explored the underlying mechanism. After therapeutic intervention for 2 weeks, AE significantly inhibited prostate cancer xenograft tumor growth by 65.08%, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and serum dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels. However, AE increased the serum testosterone level compared to that of the vehicle control group. Furthermore, our investigation of the inhibitory effects on angiogenesis and epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related genes revealed that AE downregulated matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP)-2, (MMP)-9, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), zinc finger protein (SNAIL1), twist-related protein 1 (TWIST1), and zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) in vivo. In contrast, AE increased tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-1, (TIMP)-2, and E-cadherin. The results suggest that AE possesses potent anti-PC activity and to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the anti-PC effect of AE in vivo. Abstract Protective effect of sika deer (Cervus nippon) velvet antler extract against cisplatin induced kidney and liver injury in prostate cancer PC-3 cells xenograft model Yujiao Tang Department of Animal Bio and Applied Chemistry Science Graduate School of Konkuk University Velvet antler, the unossified antler of Cervus elaphus is an animal-based folk medicine used in Asia to treat various diseases including prostate cancer. We previously discovered the antioxidant and anti-prostate cancer effects of antler extract (AE), but whether it inhibits cisplatin (Cis)-induced toxicity has not been investigated. Therefore, this study investigated the effect of AE on Cis-induced side effects in the kidney and liver using 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide-based cytotoxicity, cell cycle assays, and western blot in prostate cancer PC-3 cells. Cis and Cis + AE treatment attenuated prostate cancer cell growth by inducing apoptosis in vitro. Cis + AE stimulated cleaved caspase-3, -7, and -9 and poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase (PARP) expression. Furthermore, we used a xenograft mouse model of the same cells to examine the in vivo effects and mechanisms of action. Cis + AE treatment for 1 week significantly increased the superoxide dismutase and catalase activity while thiobarbituric acid reactive substances decreased. The histopathological damage and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression in the kidney and liver tissue decreased. Therefore, AE likely possesses anti-prostate cancer activity and inhibits Cis toxicity.

The crumbling of tradition : Ma Chien-Chung and China's entrance into the family of nations

Tang UMI 1990 국내박사

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND DEMOCRATIZATION : POLLUTION CONTROL, AND LOCAL SELF-GOVERNANCE IN TAIWAN (INTERGOVERNMENTAL RELATIONS, CHINA)

TANG, CHING-PING UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA 1998 해외박사

Cantilever based mass sensor for biological applications

Tang, Tang State University of New York at Albany 2005 해외박사(DDOD)

One of the most important applications for cantilever-based sensors is the detection of specific binding of biomolecules. This work aimed at developing of a cantilever-based mass sensor capable of detecting specific binding of biomolecules. A comparison between the dynamic and the static operation modes of the cantilever sensor was presented and the dynamic operation was selected for the quantitative measurement of mass change-induced resonance frequency shift. Simulations were carried out to determine the dimensions of the devices, to predict the relationship between the frequency shift and the mass change, and to resolve problems in the fabrication before the cantilever arrays were actually produced, including the stress-induced deformation. Sulfo-LC-SPDP, a chemical linker for bioimmobilization, was employed to introduce a common protein antigen onto the sensor surface through the thiol-Au coupling. This antigen was later used for the recognition of the corresponding antibodies in samples. Various optical readout mechanisms were used for measurements of effective mass change-induced frequency shift and the laser Doppler vibrometry was selected as the optimal method because of its excellent Q-factor and relatively simple setup. A linear relationship between the resonance frequency shift ratio and the amount of effective mass change was observed within a 10-40 pg measurement range. It was determined that this method, as presently applied with our antibody-antigen pair, had a detection resolution of 9.6 pg and a saturation threshold of 40 pg. This provided the proof of concept for the utilization of this type of sensor in clinical applications.

The Regulation of Joint Molecule Resolution during Meiotic Recombination

Tang, Shangming University of California, Davis 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

Shangming Tang December 2015 Biochemistry and Molecular Biology The Regulation of Joint Molecule Resolution During Meiotic Recombination Abstract: In most organisms, passage of genetic information between generations is achieved through meiosis. Meiosis is a specialized cellular division in which chromosome replication is followed by two consecutive rounds of chromosome segregation (Meiosis I and Meiosis II). In this way, meiosis halves the ploidy of the resulting gametes, typically from diploid to haploid. Accurate segregation during Meiosis I requires that homologous chromosome pairs become connected by crossovers. In conjunction with sister-chromatid cohesion, crossovers allow stable bi-orientatation of homologs on the spindle to facilitate homolog disjunction. Defective crossing over results in homolog missegregation and aneuploidy, which is the leading known cause of miscarriage and congenital birth defects. Crossovers are formed by homologous recombination, a template-dependent DNA repair process. Following DNA replication, hundreds of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are formed to initiate meiotic recombination. Typically, a minor fraction of DSBs give rise to crossovers, while the majority result in non-crossover repair without associated exchange of chromosome arms. DSBs undergo resection to form long single-strand tails, which assemble filaments of RecA-family proteins that catalyze homologous pairing and DNA strand invasion of a homologous template chromosome. The resulting D-loop joint-molecule intermediates differentiate into crossover and non-crossover forms, which are processed in distinct ways. Crossovers form primarily through double Holliday junctions (dHJs), which require nuclease-mediated resolution. In contrast, non-crossover formation does not require dHJ formation and can occur by disassembling a D-loop that has been extended by DNA polymerase, and re-annealing the two DSB ends. Thus, precise and efficient processing of joint molecules is required to completed DSB repair, to form crossovers, and to remove inter-chromosomal entanglements that can impede chromosome separation. Therefore, understanding the mechanism and regulation of joint-molecule metabolism is fundamentally important for meiosis and has broad relevance for fertility, heredity, chromosome repair, genome stability and genetic diseases such as Down Syndrome and cancer. Taking advantage of the unique molecular-genetic tools available in budding yeast, I have investigated the pathways and mechanisms of joint-molecule resolution during meiosis. Initially, I worked on a collaborative effort to delineate the pathways of joint molecule processing during meiosis. We defined a crossover-biased joint-molecule resolution activity of the DNA mismatch-repair factors, Exo1 and Mlh1-Mlh3 (the MutL? complex), revealing that the nuclease activity of Mlh3, but not Exo1 is required. The Bloom's helicase ortholog, Sgs1, was shown to be required for the major crossover and non-crossover pathways, acting to limit a secondary pathway defined by the structure-selective JM processing endonucleases Mus81-Mms4, Slx4-Slx1 and Yen1. A second focus on my thesis examined the roles of the enigmatic Structural Maintenance of Chromosomes complex, Smc5/6, in meiotic joint-molecule processing. Previous research has shown that this essential complex was required for joint-molecule resolution in mitotically dividing yeast. However, the function of Smc5/6 during meiosis was not known. In collaboration with Dr. Eva Hoffmann's laboratory, we showed that the Smc5/6 complex has multiple functions during meiotic recombination. First, Smc5/6 prevents aberrant joint-molecule formation at early stages of meiosis. Later, Smc5/6 is essential for the resolution of a subset of joint molecules, specifically those that are dependent on the structure-selective endonucleases. The major focus of my thesis investigated the function of the STR complex, comprising the DNA helicase Sgs1 and the strand-passage enzyme comprising type I topoisomerase Top3 and stimulatory factor Rmi1. Previous research has shown that (STR) can catalyze the convergent migration of dHJs and their decatenation to yield specifically non-crossover products in a reaction called dHJ dissolution. In meiotic cells, most or all dHJs were thought to be resolved into crossovers, and non-crossovers were inferred to be formed by unwinding of D-loops by DNA helicases. Thus, the dissolution function of STR complex was not expected to play a significant role during meiosis. Surprisingly, I discovered that Top3-Rmi1 share all the functions previously demonstrated for Sgs1 during meiotic recombination, implying that Sgs1 always works as a complex with Top3-Rmi1 to process a variety of JM structures. In addition, I showed that Top3-Rmi1 has a unique and essential function to resolve a subset of joint molecules to facilitate chromosome segregation during anaphase I during meiosis. Surprisingly, this function of Top3-Rmi1 is independent of Sgs1. I surmise that the essential and prevalent roles of Top3-Rmi1 reflect the complex nature of recombination intermediates during meiosis.

How mainland Chinese undergraduates experience and respond to classroom practices in U.S. colleges over one year

Heng, Tang Tang Teachers College, Columbia University ProQuest Dis 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

Enrollment of mainland Chinese undergraduates in U.S. colleges has soared in recent years, generating widespread discussion. Yet, much of the media, public, and research discourse around Chinese undergraduates' experiences tend to be negative with little attention paid to students' contextual influences, agencies, and changes over time. The lack of intercultural understanding is troubling especially since higher education is seen as a critical platform for facilitating intercultural understanding and enhancing diplomatic relationships. Thus, this study investigated how mainland Chinese undergraduates experienced and responded to classroom practices in U.S. four-year colleges, through a hybrid sociocultural lens, and explored how their experiences changed over time. This qualitative study followed 18 participants---nine freshmen, nine sophomores---over an academic year. Participants completed a demographic questionnaire, three semi-structured interviews (at the beginning, middle, and end of their academic year), and four journal entries with prompts. Findings revealed that while participants experienced challenges in transitioning to U.S. colleges, they also appreciated the freedom and choice, deeper learning, as well as richness and diversity U.S. colleges offered. Key challenges participants faced included relearning language skills and communication style, thinking like an "Easterner" vs. a "Westerner," understanding classroom expectations and contexts, navigating freedom and balance, and making local friends. In seeking to interpret their experiences, participants attributed these challenges to prior schooling experiences, societal demands, and cultural legacies in China that departed from those in the U.S. Responding to these challenges, participants displayed self-reliance and agency as they reached out to various resources---institution, teachers, peers, technology---for support. At the same time, participants' experiences appeared to be heterogeneous and change over time. These findings offer alternative perspectives of mainland Chinese students' experiences, trouble the negative discourse around them, and urge the need to dispel stereotypes, understand differences, and recognize agency and change in students. The findings also spell implications for higher education policies, teaching practices, and research practices so that intercultural understanding can be enhanced.

도시 방재 공원녹지 계획에 관한 연구 : - 중국 사천성 청두시를 중심으로 -

YUJING TANG 경희대학교 대학원 2018 국내석사

2008년 중국 사천성 문천시에서 발생한 대지진은 규모 8.0의 매우 강력한 지진으로 도시에 많은 피해와 손실을 가져왔다. 이러한 피해 후 중국은 정부 차원에서 2011년도부터 사천성 청두시 소재의 도시공원에 방재시스템을 적용하기 시작했다. 위와 같은 계획은 현재 활발한 연구가 진행되고 있지만 구체적인 계획은 여전히 시작 단계에 머물러 있다. 이에 중국 사천성 청두시를 대상으로 2008년 이후부터의 도시방재 녹지계획 변화를 조사 및 분석하여, 방재공원의 조성 현황과 문제점을 파악하고자 하였으며, 위와 같은 분석을 바탕으로 향후 청두시 방재공원 녹지 시스템 구축 시 새로운 방향 제시함을 본 연구의 목적으로 한다. 연구의 방법은 방재공원 시스템 및 구성요소 분석을 위하여 사례연구 및 청두시의 도시 방재 녹지계획 현황 조사를 실시하였으며, 중국의 국가정책과 법규의 변천 과정을 검토하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 청두시는 2008년 대지진 이후 공원녹지 면적이 증가하였으며 대다수의 공원에 방재기능을 할 수 있도록 계획하였다. 또한, 신규 조성된 공원의 경우 개방형 녹지 면적을 증가시켰으며 방재 식재를 계획 및 유도하였다. 또한, 지진 발생 시를 대비하여 주변 피난 장소의 안내에 대한 안내시설물 배치를 포함시키고 있다. 둘째, 현재 청두시 방재공원은 지진 발생 시 각 구역별 기능 분담이 미흡하므로 피난민을 체계적으로 수용하기 위해 구역별 기능을 강화시켜야 한다. 또한, 시설물 및 수목에 대한 장기적 관리 방안이 필요하다. 셋째, 재해 발생 시 공원은 주변 지역 주민들의 피난처 역할을 할 수 있어야 한다. 따라서 재해 시 도보로 손쉽게 공원에 도달할 수 있도록 주거지와의 접근성을 고려하여 배치하여야 한다. 넷째, 재난 시 피난 기간에 상관없이 피난 공간을 제공할 수 있는 1인당 피난 면적 2m² 이상이 확보되어야 한다. 따라서 공원 내 개방 공간은 더욱 크게 계획하는 것이 바람직하다. 개방 공간 계획 시는 재해로 인한 화재 등 2차 재해 피해 방지를 위해 공원 중심지역에 배치할 필요가 있다. The 2008 earthquake in Wichuan city, Sichuan province, China, caused a very strong earthquake of magnitude 8.0 and caused much damage and loss to the city. After this damage, China started to apply the disaster prevention system to city park in Chengdu city, Sichuan province from 2011. The purpose of this study is to investigate the change of the urban disaster prevention green space plan from 2008 onwards in Chengdu city and present a new direction in the construction of green park system in Chengdu city. The research method conducted case studies and a survey on the current state of urban disaster prevention green plan in Chengdu for analysis of the disaster park system and components, and examined the process of changing national policies and regulations in China. The results of the study are as follows. First, after the 2008 earthquake, the city of Chengdu has increased the green area of the park and planned to have disaster prevention function in the majority of parks. In the case of newly constructed parks, the open green area was increased and the disaster prevention plant was planned and derived. It also includes signs for guiding the surrounding evacuation site in case of an earthquake. Second, the present Chengdu City Disaster Prevention Park is required to strengthen the functions of the districts in order to systematically accommodate refugees because the function allocation of each area is insufficient when an earthquake occurs. In addition, long-term management plans for facilities and trees are needed. Third, in the event of a disaster, the park should be able to serve as a refuge for residents in the surrounding area. Therefore, it should be arranged in consideration of accessibility to residence so that it is easy to reach the park on foot in case of disaster. Fourth, evacuation area per person should be more than 2m² to provide evacuation space regardless of evacuation period. Therefore, it is desirable to plan the open space in the park. It is necessary to arrange open spaces in the central area of the park to prevent secondary disasters such as fire caused by disasters.

Anticipatory Learning in Two-Person Games : An Experimental Study : by Tang Fang-Fang

Fang-Fang, Tang Friedrich Wilhelms Universitat 1996 국내석사

Influence of non-spherical particles on slurry pump wear characteristics

Tang, Cheng Sungkyunkwan university 2021 국내박사

Since solid particles suspended in the fluid can cause wear in centrifugal pumps, intensive attention has been focused on the numerical prediction for the wear of flow parts in centrifugal pumps. However, most numerical studies have focused on only one wear model and a sphere particle model. The impact of particle shape on the wear of flow parts in centrifugal pumps is under-studied, particularly considering abrasive and impact wear simultaneously. In this work, the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)-Discrete Element Method (DEM) coupling method with an abrasive and impact wear prediction model simultaneously, for the first time, was adopted to study the wear characteristics of a centrifugal pump. Moreover, four regular polyhedron particles and a sphere particle with the same equivalent diameter but different sphericity were mainly analyzed. This study could present some supply data for future research on the optimization of a slurry pump. The main work and outcomes of this study are as follows: 1. The present studies on hydraulic performance and erosive wear of centrifugal slurry pumps have been summarized. The review has shown that current research does not consider non-spherical particles, resulting in inaccurate prediction for the slurry pump wear characteristics. 2. Transient liquid-solid two-phase flows and erosive wear in an elbow were simulated by CFD-DEM coupling. Erosive wear models and the CFD-DEM coupling method were evaluated by comparing the simulated results with experimental data. 3. The multi-shape particles with constitutive properties were modeled for the first time by DEM in a slurry pump. The results demonstrate that more particles move closer to the blade pressure side in the impeller passage, and particles tend to cluster in specific areas within the volute as sphericity increases. The volute suffers the principal wear erosion no matter what the shapes of particles and wear model are. Both the impact and abrasive wear within the impeller occur primarily on the blade leading edge. The pump’s overall impact wear rate decreases first and then increases with particle sphericity rising, while the pump’s overall abrasive wear rate grows steadily. There were no significant differences in the effect of particle shape on pump wear characteristics under different flow rates or with different particle sizes. However, as the flow rate increases, the wear in the blade pressure side and the hub increase significantly.

Ultrasonic nondestructive evaluation of solid plates with time reversal and deep neural network

Tang, Ziqiao Sungkyunkwan university 2019 국내박사

The Investigation of solid plate using ultrasonic method is common and widely applied in industry field. Plate and plate like structures play an important role in aerospace engineering, nuclear power plant system, submarine and auto industries. Lamb waves, due to its long range propagation and low attenuation energy loss in plate or pipeline structure, in recent years, much attention has been paid to the use of Lamb waves for structure health monitoring. However, the dispersive nature of the Lamb wave in plate structure will cause multi-modes occur, which the wave speed of the Lamb wave is a function of frequency and the pulse shape changes from point to point. When one mode interacts with the defect in plates, mode conversion will also make the received signal complicated. This results in careful excitation of the Lamb wave mode and complex signal processing technique. In this study, the time reversal technique have been applied to Lamb wave signal processing. According to the linear acoustic wave propagation theory, an input signal can be reconstructed at the excitation point if an output signal is time reversed in time domain and resent at the receiving point. The original input can be well reproduced if the wave propagation in a linear elastic medium, however the discontinuities or defect inside the structure will break the time reversal process. Lamb wave in plates has a variety of modes, time reverse technique can make the dispersed signals to be compressed to their original wave shape. In our study, the FE simulation on Al plate and water medium has proved that the time reversal theory can successfully reproduce the original input signal. However, in real experiment setup, the reconstruction process cannot be achieved because of some time-irreversible elements such as the transducer, the wave function generator etc. Then, the system factor is calculated and a correction factor is proposed to compensate the experiment results. By using the correction factor, the experiment result can also reconstruct the original input. In the second part of this research, deep neural network is used to classify a variety of Lamb wave FE signals. The low mode antisymmetric Lamb mode is generated at one side and recorded at the other side, in a solid plate with different length and thickness. In industrial applications, the ultrasonic signals are not noise free. The white Gaussian noise is added to the FE simulation signals to augment the database. Without extracting the features, the applied deep neural network to the ultrasonic noisy signals shows a good performance to classify the defect one and non-defect ones.