CREATIVE REALITIES : THE SEARCH FOR MEANINGS (MCWHINNEY'S ALTERNATIVE REALITIES MODEL)

JUNGE, MAXINE BOROWSKY Fielding Institute 1992 국내박사

A role for protease activated receptor-1 in the neurodegenerative processes of ischemia

Junge, Candice Elaine Emory University 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

Even though serine proteases and their receptors are best known for their role in blood coagulation and fibrinolysis, increasing evidence suggests that serine proteases such as plasmin, tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), and thrombin as well as G-protein coupled protease activated receptors (PARs) have a role in central nervous system (CNS) function. Recent findings suggest a role for serine proteases and their receptors (PARs) in the pathological processes of ischemia, excitotoxicity, hypoxia, and other situations in which the blood brain barrier is compromised. The primary goals of the studies presented within this dissertation were to examine at the cellular and whole animal level the involvement of protease activated receptor-1 (PAR1) and one of its activators, plasmin, in the pathological processes that contribute to neurodegeneration, and to determine if PAR1 protein is expressed in human brain. The results of these studies show that the serine protease plasmin potentiates N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor responses over 2-fold through activation of PAR1. Increased activation of NMDA receptor responses has been implicated in several neurodegenerative situations including ischemia. Therefore plasmin activation of PAR1 and subsequent potentiation of NMDA receptor responses may be one potential mechanism for the harmful effects of plasmin in the brain. At the whole animal level, genetic removal and pharmacological inhibition of PAR1 significantly reduces cell death in a rodent transient focal cerebral ischemia model of stroke. These findings further support the idea that activation of PAR1 participates in the neurodegenerative processes of ischemia and that aberrant activation of serine protease signaling cascades may contribute to compromised cell survival. Lastly, the expression of PAR1 was examined in human brain regions to determine if the results found in animals can potentially be translated to humans. Immunohistochemical and double labeling immunofluorescence studies show that PAR1 protein is highly expressed in astrocytes of white and gray matter and moderately expressed in neurons of the cortex, hippocampus, caudate, putamen, and cerebellum in human brain. PAR1 may therefore provide a new potential therapeutic target for preventing some of the pathological effects associated with ischemia and other situations in which blood-derived serine proteases enter brain tissue.

Synthese von enantiomerenreinen Slaframin-, Epislaframin-und Diepislaframinderivaten

Junge, Dagmar 1995 국내박사

Analyse des Suizidgeschehens in der Freien und Hansestadt Hamburg : spezielle Aspekte zum Panoramawandel der Suizidmittel 1980-1984

Junge, Wolfgang Universitat Hamburg 1987 국내박사

Random recursion

Junge, Matthew University of Washington ProQuest Dissertations & 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

We study the limiting behavior of three stochastic processes. Two are interacting particle systems, the frog model and coalescing random walk. We work out transience and recurrence properties on various graphs. The last is an interval splitting algorithm, which is shown to be equidistributed in the limit. Many of the proofs hinge on recursive equations of random variables.

Soil C sequestration in the anthropogenic land uses: estimation, quantification, and broadening to overall ecosystem services

Junge Hyun Kyung Hee University Graduate School 2023 국내박사

Soil carbon (C) sequestration is an important climate change mitigation option with high CO2 removal potential and low breakeven cost. Soil C sequestration is a process of transferring atmospheric CO2 into the soil through plant residues, and can be achieved by sustainable soil management practices. One of the representative sustainable soil management practices is conservation tillage. Conservation tillage can increase C input and decrease soil organic C decomposition in agricultural fields, thus getting more attention as a requisite option for soil C sequestration. However, the effect of conservation tillage on soil C varied with climate, soil properties, and other management conditions; thus, the process-based soil organic C (SOC) dynamic model conjugating with a site-specific environmental database is necessary to assess the potential of conservation tillage adequately. In Chapter 2, we aim to 1) improve the current RothC model by parametrizing the tillage rate modifiers (TRMs) for conservation tillage and 2) evaluate the conservation tillage effect on SOC stock of South Korean agricultural land. First, the TRMs, multipliers for the SOC decomposition rate constants, were developed with 210 field observations of the middle-latitude area, which thoroughly reflected the variance of the conservation tillage effect stemming from soil properties. After that, we ran the RothC model under conventional tillage and conservation tillage adoption scenarios. As a national scale simulation result, SOC stock estimated to increase by 9.24% for 20 years on average, which could offset the 6.65% of GHGs emissions in the agricultural sector. Our results implied that the adoption of conservation tillage has the potential to mitigate climate change and could be utilized to establish the agricultural sector in greenhouse gas inventory. Urban greenery is also the target area for soil C sequestration in national and international policies. However, compared to the agricultural field, there is a lack of understanding on soil C cycle in urban greenery. One of the obstacles to understanding the soil C of urban greenery is that there is currently no standardized, widely used method to separate various forms of C in this soil, including black carbon (BC) and inorganic carbon (IC). Since the BC and IC have different properties and stability from ecosystem-driven organic carbon (OCeco), those pools need to be separated to understand the C dynamics in urban ecosystem. In Chapter 3, we suggested a robust and reliable method to discriminate the OCeco, BC , and IC in urban soil samples: peak deconvolution analysis of the CO2 thermogram, which is derived from the evolved CO2 gas analyzer connected with the thermal analyzer (EGA with peak deconvolution approach). The accuracy of the suggested method were tested using model mixtures with pre-determined OCeco, BC , and IC contents. The results showed high accuracy (R2 > 0.90) and the regression lines between the known and measured values were close to the 1:1 line. Using the EGA with peak deconvolution approach, we further investigated the soils in urban greeneries. EGA with peak deconvolution approach was helpful to understand the impacts of human intervention on the soil C cycle. Surrounding land use was a critical factor affecting soil OCeco/TC and BC/TC but was not related with soil IC/TC; the OCeco/TC tended to increase with green area, while the BC/TC had a positive relationship with impervious area. The suggested method can be used to evaluate the C sequestration rate of SSM practices in urban area,. Without the information on OCeco and BC, the impacts of human intervention on soil C can be misinterpreted, which overestimates the C sequestration rate. Managing soil ecosystems by focusing only on climate change is a piecemeal action. This is because soil provides various ecosystem services in addition to C sequestration, such as water regulation and biodiversity preservation. However, for urban greenery, most of the studies focused on the degree of contamination or limited ecosystem services. Thus, it is necessary to develop a soil quality assessment tool that comprehensively considers its ecosystem services and is tailored to the urban greenery. In Chapter 4, we suggest an urban soil quality index (uSQI) to evaluate soil status in various spatial types of urban greenery. Our objectives are 1) to develop an uSQI incorporating a range of urban soil ecosystem services in metropolitan environments and 2) to test the efficacy of the developed uSQI by applying it to nine different sites. To fully consider ecosystem services provided by the urban soil, a DPSC (drivers and pressures, state, and changes) framework was constructed. Drivers and pressures are influencing factors that continuously alter the state of the urban greenery, eventually leading to changes in ecosystem services and soil functions. The six soil functions considered were physical stability and support, water storage and infiltration, habitat provision, organic matter stabilization, nutrient supply and retention, and pollutant immobilization and decomposition. These functions were measured using ten soil indicators which can be quantified: bulk density, saturated hydraulic conductivity, litter-layer depth, mineral-associated organic matter, clay+silt content, fluorescein diacetate hydrolytic activity, cation exchange capacity, inorganic nitrogen concentration, pH, and concentrations of potentially toxic elements. The uSQI was calculated as the arithmetic mean of the scores of the six soil functions. The uSQI successfully identified the low soil quality sites among nine urban greeneries with different spatial types (point, line, and polygon). In addition, we could examine the degraded soil function of each site and suggest a management guideline using our uSQI. Our novel index can help urban stakeholders evaluate and monitor the soil quality of urban greenery. In summary, this thesis has two primary progresses: 1) improving the reliability of the national greenhouse gas inventory and 2) developing a comprehensive and systematic assessment tool for urban soil quality.

Die Getreideeinfuhrscheine im Rahmen unserer Schutzzollpolitik

Junge, Gottfried Karl H. Scheithauer 1912 국내석사

COMPARISON WITH LASER NEEDLE, CONVENTIONAL TENS, AND ACUPUNCTURE-LIKE TENS UPON PAIN AND BLOOD FLOW IN HEALTHY PEOPLE

PAN JUNGE 삼육대학교 물리치료대학원 2016 국내석사

Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage. Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) is a new treatment for pain, and it can be subdivided into conventional TENS (C-TENS) and acupuncture-like TENS (A-TENS). More recently, high power lasers have increasingly been used to reduce pain caused by arthritis, residual neuralgia, and musculoskeletal disorders. The aim of this study was to compare the laser needle with C-TENS and acupuncture-like TENS in terms of pain and blood flow in healthy people, as well as to confirm that the laser needle can replace TENS to treat pain in some cases. The selected subjects were divided using Minimize computer software into a laser group (n=13), a C-TENS group (n=13), and an A-TENS group (n=14); they underwent a pre-test for blood flow and pain in their forearm. The three groups received their respective interventions; they then underwent a second pain and blood flow test on the same spot. No significant differences were observed in the A-TENS group between the pre- and post-tests, and a comparison among the three groups revealed no significant differences between the laser needle group and the C-TENS group in terms of pain. Regarding blood flow, no significant differences were found between the pre- and post-tests in the laser needle group; a comparison among the three groups only revealed a significant between the laser needle and A-TENS groups. This study confirmed that the laser needle can be used to treat pain when it is necessary to control blood flow.

칼 융의 원형 개념에 대한 철학적 연구

진숙 전북대학교 일반대학원 2018 국내박사

The aim of this study was to contemplate similarity between the concept of archetype by Carl Gustav Jung who developed Analytical Psychology and another concept of archetype derived from Alfred North Whitehead's philosophy. Despite of difference between terms in the t concept of Archetype, this study discovered that both concepts had similarities; they were originated from Plato's Theory of Ideas to establish theory of Archetype and put emphasis on epistemological background and experience of math and science. Among the ‘actual entity’, ‘eternal object’ and ‘prehension’—which were important concept in Process Philosophy, the eternal object passed down turning from forms of Plato to the Whitehead’s object and Jung’s Archetype. In addition, the key point of Process Philosophy was ‘the process is actual’, which was developed on the basis of fundamental concept ‘process.’ The actual entity that consisted of world and human looked for the existence in its generation process while the eternal object could be replaced with Archetyp, i.e. certain possibility that are selectively brought into the actual entity, as pure potentiality. Jung supported the Plato’s philosophy which insisted on the ideal world that surpasses both material world and mental world and argued that the first archetypes which determine structure and rule of existence are simply the numbers of Pythagoras. He’s argued that images of folktales and in mythology have similarity that transcends the age and culture as well and explained them with archetype and symbol. Although Jung failed to present obvious answer about the origin, Whitehead explained it having certain tendency, i.e. archetype in the deep unconsciousness through prehension on repeated events of past. In addition, every moment is a present and the experience comprised entity while putting emphasis on the eternal experience of the present. Thus, it seemed to be more reasonable and persuasive when it’s explained in Process Philosophy in comparison to Jung’s. The Process Philosophy is not completion but underway to reach completion, in a similar vein to integrity of Jung’s individuation process, not its completion. Therefore, Process Philosophy suggested wide-ranging system on Jungian archetypes. The purpose of this study was to investigate the origin and concept of archetype in the collective unconscious that provide foundation for Jungian Analytical Psychology. Moreover, it’s to explore how the concept of archetype could be reinterpreted and expanded in the contemporary philosophy. Meanwhile, the influence of Jungian archetypes on our lives and connection with philosophy will be explored to think up ways and also, look for the way to achieve ‘self-actualization’ through individuation.

삼각모형에 의한 색채표현 연구 : 칼 융의 차크라를 적용한 본인 작품 중심으로

조성민 홍익대학교 대학원 2019 국내박사

In the field of plastic arts, creative artwork expressions embodies an artist’s spiritual world in innovative forms such as colors, crafts, designs, etc. There are multiple ways to represent and perceive colors. Even if we do not represent a color in three attributes of color as hue, saturation and brightness, the word ‘color’ is enough to convey the meaning we want to express. This is because there is a meaning to psychological and aesthetical colors, which exist behind the colors that humans perceive visually. This study tries to embody the unconscious structure of color by utilizing Carl Gustav Jung’s analytical psychological approach. Attributes of colors were applied to Carl Jung’s archetype theory to look into the polarity and ambiguity of psychological colors that men have and to represent them as colored artworks by using a color triangle model. This color triangle model was used for the artwork to visualize the three-dimensional composition principle in detail by colored expressions through a repeated usage of triangle, a geometrical element. Through this, the study tried to establish various algorithms and the aesthetical attributes as artworks that come from triangles’ colored expressions. To achieve this, the study analyzed the attributes of colors by Carl Jung’s analytical psychology and contemplated upon his psychoanalysis theory to represent this as artworks. Carl Jung’s analytical psychology considers artworks as representations of one’s consciousness and conceptualized the archetypal theory, which argues that humans developed their archetypal world of consciousness since the beginning of their primitive states and this was revealed through their artworks. The study tried to structurally analyze Carl Jung’s analytical psychology theory in chromatic view and also looked into the possibility of application to the study conductor’s artworks, as well as what kind of analyzation could be drawn when it was represented with colors. Therefore, the study determined the correlation between colors and analytical psychology, and tried to express the unconscious archetypes of the study conductor’s artworks through an individualized process. After that, the study refined the ambiguous meanings of the seven rainbow colors that were used for Carl Jung’s chakras, analyzed the formativeness of the triangle model used for the study’s artworks, and applied the analyzation into the artworks that were produced through the study. A total of twelve artworks were organized and color planned, and pattern-design and modeling were conducted by using two forms: a pyramid using a triangle and stained glass. <Artwork 1>Trinity Red, <Artwork 2>Trinity Orange, <Artwork 3>Trinity Yellow, <Artwork 4>Trinity Green, <Artwork 5>Trinity Blue, <Artwork 6>Trinity Ultramarine Blue, <Artwork 7>Trinity Violet, <Artwork 8>Trinity Gold, <Artwork 9>Trinity Silver, <Artwork 10>Trinity Rainbow were all three dimensionally produced in the shape of pyramids, which are either a repetition or a combination of triangles. <Artwork 11>Trinity Stained GlassⅠ and <Artwork 12>Trinity Stained Glass Ⅱ were produced by cutting stained glasses by 2 centimeters apart, putting them into triangle frames, and baking them in an electrical kiln. Lastly, the study suggests the artworks’ purpose of planning and future usage that were intended to be studied as the result of this whole process of study. The conclusions drawn from this study are the followings. First, the study began with the study about the mind’s color space, not the colors that were refined by physical colors. Therefore, an aesthetical and psychological color study, which perceives and feels colors, was conducted. For <Artwork 1>Trinity Red, <Artwork 2>Trinity Orange, <Artwork 3>Trinity Yellow, <Artwork 4>Trinity Green, <Artwork 5>Trinity Blue, <Artwork 6>Trinity Ultramarine Blue, <Artwork 7>Trinity Violet, red, orange, yellow, green, blue, navy, and purple were used in two tones to express ‘the meanings of seven colors of chakras.’ In addition, from <Artwork 10> Trinity Rainbow, which used all the fourteen colors, all seven colors that were used for chakras were experienced. In the concept of chakras, it was possible to show the polarity and ambiguity of the seven rainbow colors that are red, orange, yellow, green, blue, navy, and purple, through the respective artworks. Second, viewers were able to have time for mental healing by experiencing the effect of colors that come from each artwork, which provided positive energy by repetitive unity that could be seen through triangle model artworks for this study. For <Artwork 8>Trinity Gold와 <Artwork 9>Trinity Silver, the ambiguous attribute of Carl Jung’s chakra was three-dimensionally represented through triangle models with silver and gold colors. Three, there was an active interaction between the artworks that expressed the study conductor’s consciousness and the viewers. In addition, the artworks were appreciated in many different aspects through the change of colors with lights, lights, colors, and triangle models ‘Trinity’ by the light of the viewing location and the psychology of the viewers. <Artwork 11>Trinity Stained Glass I and <Artwork 12>Trinity Stained Glass II were represented by utilizing powerful lightings to penetrate the stained glass and showed various colors to the viewers. The artworks that were produced by using triangle models through color expression study could be used in the future as design elements such as interior accessories, full-scale art walls, etc. However, this study is limited in a way that it provides subjective analysis and cannot offer consistent analysis from all viewers and medium that come into contact with the artworks. Therefore, it will try to figure out other different medium to expose the artworks. In addition, more artworks study will be conducted utilizing many different colors and textures in hopes of realizing the value of the future artwork study by using the unconscious analyzation of colors other than the seven colors in this study for information-oriented result that come from medium that connects many viewers and artworks. Lastly, the study anticipates the study conductor’s artworks, which was based on the colors that were represented in chakras, to be utilized in many fields as physical and aesthetical colors. 조형예술에 있어서 창조적 조형표현은 색채, 공예, 디자인 등과 같은 창의적 행태로 자신의 정신세계를 예술로 형상화한다. 색을 표현하고 인지하는 방법은 다양하다. 자신이 전달하고자 하는 색의 삼속성의 의미를 색상, 명도, 채도로 표현하지 않더라도 ‘빛깔’이라는 말로써 충분한 의미 전달이 될 수 있다. 그 이유는 인간이 시각적으로 인지하는 색채 이면에 있는 심리적인 색과 심미적인 색의 의미가 존재하기 때문이다. 본 연구는 색채의 무의식적 구조를 칼 구스타브 융(Carl Gustav Jung, 1875~1961)의 분석심리학적 접근을 통해 형상하고자 한다. 색채의 속성을 칼 융의 원형(Archetype) 이론에 대입하여 인간이 가진 심리적 색채의 양극성과 양면성을 살펴보고 삼각모형을 활용한 색채 작품으로 표현하고자 하였다. 삼각모형을 작품에 활용한 것은 기하학적 형태의 구성요소인 삼각형의 반복을 이용한 입체적인 구성 원리를 색채표현으로 활용하여 세심하게 시각화하고자 함이었다. 이로 인해 삼각형의 색채표현에서 느껴지는 다양한 알고리즘(Algorithm)과 작품으로써 갖는 심미적 특성을 규명하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 색채의 속성을 칼 융의 분석심리학으로 분석하고 이를 작품으로 표현하기 위해 정신분석 이론을 고찰하였다. 칼 융의 분석심리학에서는 예술작품을 무의식의 표현이라 보고 인간이 원시 상태로부터 발달되어 내려오는 원형 의식의 세계가 예술작품을 통해 발현하고 있다는 원형 이론을 개념화하였다. 칼 융의 분석심리학 이론을 색채학적으로 구조적인 해석을 하고자 하였으며 본 연구자의 작품에 적용 가능성과 색채로 표현할 때 어떠한 해석이 가능한지 살펴보고자 하였다. 이에 색채와 분석 심리학의 상관관계를 밝히고 본 연구자의 작품에서의 무의식적 원형을 개별화 과정으로 표출하고자 하였다. 그 후, 칼 융의 차크라에 사용된 7가지 무지개색이 가지는 색의 중의적 의미를 정리하였으며 본 연구의 작품에 사용된 삼각모형의 조형성을 분석하고 이를 통해 제작한 작품에 적용하였다. 총 12개의 작품을 구성 및 색채계획하였으며, 삼각형을 이용한 각뿔 형태와 스테인드글라스(Stained Glass) 두 가지 형태로 도안 디자인(Design) 후 모델링(Modeling) 하였다. <작품1>Trinity Red, <작품2>Trinity Orange, <작품3>Trinity Yellow, <작품4>Trinity Green, <작품5>Trinity Blue, <작품6>Trinity Ultramarine Blue, <작품7>Trinity Violet, <작품8>Trinity Gold, <작품9>Trinity Silver, <작품10>Trinity Rainbow는 삼각형을 반복, 결합한 각뿔 형태의 입체 제작을 하였으며, <작품11>Trinity Stained GlassⅠ, <작품12>Trinity Stained Glass Ⅱ는 스테인드글라스를 2cm 간격으로 재단하여 삼각모형틀에 넣고 전기 가마에 구워 제작하였다. 마지막으로 전체적인 연구 진행과정의 결과로 본 연구를 통해 연구하고자 했던 작품의 기획의도와 미래의 활용방안을 제안하였다. 본 연구를 통해 얻은 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 본 연구는 물리적 색상에 의해 규정된 색채가 아닌 마음의 색 공간에 대한 연구로 시작하였으므로 색채를 지각하고 느끼는 심미적, 심리적인 측면의 색채연구가 이루어졌다. <작품1>Trinity Red, <작품2>Trinity Orange, <작품3>Trinity Yellow, <작품4>Trinity Green, <작품5>Trinity Blue, <작품6>Trinity Ultramarine Blue, <작품7>Trinity Violet에 빨강, 주황, 노랑, 초록, 파랑, 남색, 보라를 각각 두 가지 톤으로 사용하여 ‘차크라의 7가지 색의 의미’를 표현하였으며, 여기에 사용된 총 14가지의 색채를 모두 사용한 <작품10>Trinity Rainbow에서는 차크라에 사용된 7가지 색상을 모두 체험할 수 있었다. 차크라의 개념에서 빨강, 주황, 노랑, 초록, 파랑, 남색, 보라의 7가지 무지개색의 양극성, 양면성을 각각의 작품을 통해 보여줄 수 있었다. 둘째, 본 연구를 통해 제작된 삼각모형 작품에서 보이는 반복적 통일성을 내포하고 있는 긍정적 에너지를 통해 관람객이 각각의 작품에서 느껴지는 색채의 효과를 경험하며 치유의 시간을 가질 수 있었다. <작품8>Trinity Gold와 <작품9>Trinity Silver에는 금색과 은색을 삼각모형에 의해 입체 표현하여 칼 융의 차크라에서 말하는 색의 중의적 특성을 나타냈다. 셋째, 연구자의 정신세계를 표현한 작품과 관람자의 상호작용이 활발하게 이루어졌으며 조명에 의한 색채의 변화, 빛, 색채, 삼각모형 Trinity가 관람 장소의 빛과 관람객의 심리상태에 의한 다양한 감상이 이루어졌다. 강한 조명에 의해 스테인드글라스에 빛을 투과시켜 만들어낸 <작품11>Trinity Stained GlassⅠ, <작품12>Trinity Stained Glass Ⅱ는 관람객에게 다양한 빛깔을 보여주었다. 삼각모형을 활용한 색채 표현 연구를 통해 제작된 작품은 향후 인테리어 소품, 전면 아트월 등 디자인적 요소로써 활용가능하다. 그러나 본 연구는 관람자와 작품을 접하는 모든 매체에서 일관된 해석이 나올 수 없는 주관적인 해석이라는 한계점을 가지므로 향후 여러 매체를 통해 작품을 알려 나가는 방안을 모색하고자 한다. 더욱 다양한 색채와 소재를 활용하여 다양한 작품 연구를 하고자 하며, 본 연구 작품에서 사용된 7가지 색상 이외의 무의식적 해석을 응용한 연구가 많은 관람객들과 작품을 접하는 매체를 통해 정보화됨으로써 작품 연구의 가치가 실현되길 바란다. 끝으로 ‘차크라’에서 서술한 색채를 바탕으로 여러 분야에서 물리적 색채, 심미적 색채로 활용되길 기대한다.