Revision and the making of modernism

Murphy, James Stephen University of California, Berkeley 2008 해외박사(DDOD)

"Revision and the Making of Modernism" explores the impact that practices and theories of revision had on the development of transatlantic modernism. For Henry James, James Joyce, and T. S. Eliot revision represented more than the means to crafting the complex, difficult structures we associate with modernism; it served as a way to imagine new formations of textuality, identity, and culture while recognizing the enduring power of history. Eliot, Joyce, James, and other modernists criticized what I call the preservationist aspect of formalism, i.e., its tendency to seek fixed forms appropriate to texts, thus creating definitive structures that could never be improved. Against preservationism, a position embodied by Walter Pater's aesthetics, Joyce, Eliot, and James emphasized the need for dynamic engagement with the past, openness to the future, and challenges to the status quo, a program I dub revisionism. Chapter 1 introduces the theoretical and historical problems raised by revision and historicizes the argument within the massive transformation that occurred in print culture between 1873 and 1922. Chapter 2 explores this transformed field in greater detail through a discussion of Pater's four revisions of The Renaissance and his formalist interpretation of revision as a centripetal force that fixes time in a permanent form. Chapter 3 takes as its subject Henry James's monumental culling and revision of his entire corpus for the New York Edition of his work, which, against Pater's centripetal notion of revision, treated revision as a means for the work to evolve in unexpected ways. Chapter 4 looks at James Joyce's production of multiple versions of Stephen Dedalus in Stephen Hero, A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, and Ulysses and traces Joyce's revision of his own youthful Paterian aesthetics in order to reveal their limits. Chapter 5 examines T. S. Eliot's ambitious argument for revision's cultural necessity in "Tradition and the Individual Talent" and his attempt to put theory into practice in the composition and revision of The Waste Land.

From inscription to performance: The rhetoric of self-enclosure in the modern novel (Henry James, Ford Madox Ford, Wyndham Lewis)

Mirabile, Michael James Yale University 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

In this study I pursue the range of theoretical questions relevant to metafiction within the context of the modern novel. “Metafiction” has become synonymous with “postmodern metafiction.” But the well-known self-consciousness of modern novels cannot be easily equated with the themes of postmodern literature. I consequently devote this study to a consideration of the unique features of modern metafiction. Throughout my close readings of specific novels, I keep in the forefront of my discussion the impact that novelistic self-reflexivity has on the reception and appreciation of fiction. What happens to the procedures of textual analysis, I repeatedly ask, when a novel reads its own contents? In the Introduction I uphold the distinction between the ambiguity of high modern metafiction and the more intractable “unreadability” of postmodern metafiction to suggest that the modern novelists' deep investment in interpretive strategies is incompatible with the current theoretical valorization of “uninterpretable” or “irretrievable” texts, as well as with the general opposition to the critical enterprise. Critics have noted how the inscription of reading in the modern novel tends to subvert various approaches to reading, as in the hostility toward models of depth analysis shared by Henry James, Ford Madox Ford, and Wyndham Lewis. The tendency toward foreclosure does not extend far enough, however, to include a refusal of hermeneutics and meaning. Several defining aspects of high modern metafiction emerge in James's late novels. Starting from the devaluation of different versions of extrinsic criticism, James establishes a fundamental typology of reading strategies in his writings on the novel and in his fiction. My examination of <italic> In the Cage</italic> (1898) and <italic>The Sacred Fount</italic> (1901) is guided by the tension in late James between a desire to write self-explicating fictions and a commitment to the models of critical reading embodied by his centers of consciousness. Both Ford Madox Ford and Wyndham Lewis adopt the methods of the Jamesian inscription of reading in order to preserve the modernist overdetermination of meaning against the claims of symptomatic reading. Ford privileges an Impressionistic hermeneutic; and Lewis, by direct contrast, privileges an Expressionistic or “externalist” hermeneutic. While Ford's <italic>The Good Soldier </italic> (1915) challenges the procedures of psychological reading, Lewis's <italic> The Revenge for Love</italic> (1937) offers a polemically charged parody of the Marxist critique of art. In entirely distinct ways, these novels stage scenes of reading with the aim of diminishing the force of critical practices that are preoccupied with excavating a concealed subtext. Ford and Lewis seem to direct the internal commentaries of their fictions at interpretive reductionism and, by extension, at the growing influence of explanatory discourses that have their origins in Continental radicalism. Finally, Michel Butor and Alain Robbe-Grillet attempt to dissociate the inscription of reading from exemplarity. By including multiple scenes of <italic> re</italic>reading in their novels instead of a singular scene of reading, they explore the possibility of a non-allegorical inscription of reading. As the boundaries separating the embedded fiction from the framing narrative appear less definitive, it becomes increasingly difficult for the reader of the <italic>nouveau roman</italic> to understand inscriptions of reading as representations of—or as metaphors or allegories for—the larger fiction.

Planters, mariners, nabobs, and squires: Masculine types and imperial ideology, 1719-1817

Schweiger, Tristan James The University of Chicago 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

On 1 December 1783, Edmund Burke delivered an impassioned speech in the House of Commons, urging Parliament to reform the East India Company, which Burke argued was ruling Bengal with venality, cruelty, and corruption. If Parliament failed to act, Burke cautioned, not only would Britain's Indian subjects suffer the consequences but so would Britain itself. Burke's fear that the imperial project was corrupting the moral pedagogy of young British men illustrates the intricate links in the British imagination between empire and masculinity. As a range of writers with diverse social and political allegiances attempted to make sense of the unfolding imperial modernity, two questions appeared inseparable: what it meant to rule an increasingly vast, transoceanic empire and what it meant to become a man, specifically a gentleman. Although I take as my object of inquiry the eighteenth-century gentleman, my work develops, as well as contests, recent accounts by critics such as Nancy Armstrong, Felicity Nussbaum, and Srinivas Aravamudan. These studies have greatly expanded our understanding of the central role of women, members of the non-propertied classes, and colonial subjects in the ideologies and historical-political struggles of the age. By renewing attention upon the British gentleman, I argue that even within the most idealized, authorized versions of masculine identity, the ambivalences and upheavals brought about by imperial modernity roil just below the surface. The arc of the dissertation encompasses four masculine types, to assess how the interplay between representations of masculinity and imperial ideology transformed over the century. But I also assess striking commonalities that illuminate the evolving set of discourses these figures sought to reconcile. My first chapter treats Daniel Defoe's Robinson Crusoe (1719), a novel generally understood as oriented emphatically around a Whig view of commerce and empire but riddled with Crusoe's repeated assertions of absolutist patriarchalism. This chapter argues that Defoe sets these assertions against the novel's Whig and proto-capitalist ethos to suggest the creeping tyranny that could develop in young men abroad, laboring far from the civilizing constraints of British society. Masculinity in Defoe's novel is thus a site of possibility and a lens through which to critique the drives and desires that made empire so alluring. Chapter Two reads Tobias Smollett's Roderick Random (1748) alongside Henry Fielding's magnum opus, Tom Jones (1749), as it works toward a theory of how the eighteenth-century novel reenvisioned squirearchy. I contend that Smollett and Fielding both conceive gentlemanliness as a social performance and that, this performativity at once allows for a liberating self-fashioning and throws into question the nature of masculine agency itself. The two novels explore a moral and behavioral pedagogy that ostensibly enables the modern would-be gentleman to persuasively inhabit his social position and gain control over his economic destiny by mastering a gendered performance; but these novels are also subtended by a fear that gentlemanly authority so founded becomes show without substance. Thus, this chapter treats the insufficiency of an historic symbol of gentlemanliness alongside the failure to fully conceive a stable, alternate possibility. Chapter Three discusses James Grainger's 1764 georgic, The Sugar-Cane, which follows the English squire to sea, recasting the Caribbean planter as of a type with historic modes of masculinity in a bid for cultural relevance and to establish command over an alien, hostile place. I then analyze Samuel Foote's 1772 farce, The Nabob, which explores the deleterious consequences for Britain itself if one vision of corrupted power and agency were to supplant enervated forms of gentlemanliness. Foote's text, I argue, reverses Grainger's concepts of imperial authority, envisioning wealth produced in the colony as the means for projecting power from the periphery back toward the metropole with vitiating malevolence. Finally, Chapter Four assesses the role of the country gentleman in early nineteenth-century national tales and historical novels. I contend that Sir Walter Scott's Rob Roy (1817), Maria Edgeworth's The Absentee (1812), and Sydney Owenson's The Wild Irish Girl (1806) all deploy reformulated patriarchs in ultimately ambivalent attempts to anchor their vision of Union. In these three texts, all of which work through the place of the near-colony in the burgeoning empire, the reiterated squire is at once a stabilizing force of reconciliation and benevolent governance and a figure of tyranny and caprice who is paradoxically teetering on the verge of obsolescence. By exploring the instabilities inherent in supposedly dominant gentlemanly typologies, and the ways that those instabilities are registered and mediated in literature, I aim to complicate received accounts of the ideological turmoil at the heart of empire in the long eighteenth century and to produce a more complete understanding of this turmoil's continued reverberations. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

Essays in Financial Economics and Econometrics

Bates, Brandon James Harvard University 2012 해외박사(DDOD)

In the first essay, I study the power of predictive regressions in a world of forecastable returns and find it to be quite poor. Using a simple model, I investigate the properties of short- and long-horizon regressions. The mechanisms biasing coefficients in short-horizon regressions differ from those affecting longer horizons. Further, I demonstrate that R 2s are biased and give an estimable bias correction. A calibration exercise shows sample lengths will be insufficient to determine what predicts asset returns until beyond the year 2100. The problem is not isolated to highly persistent predictors; even modestly persistent predictors have difficulties. Further, long-horizon regressions have inferior power relative to their single-period counterparts. These results present a predicament. If return predictability exists, then our ability to identify its source using predictive regressions alone is exceedingly poor. The second essay, written with James Stock and Mark Watson, considers the estimation of approximate dynamic factor models when there is temporal instability in the factors, factor loadings, and errors. We demonstrate that estimators for the factors and for the number of those factors are consistent for their population values even when affected by these instabilities. Further, we characterize the inferential theory in our framework for the estimated factors and for diffusion index forecasts and factor-augmented vector autoregressions that make use of the estimated factors. These results illustrate the broad robustness factor models have against temporal instability. In the third essay, co-author Peter Tufano and I consider the complex accounting rules, explicit fund sponsor supports, and government actions, that grant US money market mutual fund investors an implicit put option allowing them to redeem their shares at a fixed price of $1.00, regardless of the portfolio's market value. We describe the institutional features that generate these options, identify their writers, and estimate their premia. Using a hypothetical MMMF, we find that currently, non-redeeming shareholders, fund sponsors, and the government collectively bear annual premia of 22 to 44 basis points to give MMMF shareholders the right to redeem their shares at $1.00 rather than at the market value of the fund portfolio. These premia rose dramatically during the financial crisis, with the put value potentially being over 50 basis points.

『여인의 초상』 : 서사 형식과 젠더 수행

이희준 고려대학교 대학원 2021 국내석사

This thesis examines the narrative act of the first person narrator in Henry James’s The Portrait of a Lady, and traces the gender of the narrator’s voice which becomes ambivalent in the course of narrating. My approach reads the novel as a critique of the narrative form based on heterosexual contract, which reproduces and consolidates the gender dichotomy as well as the myth of phallus. The narrator’s perspective skeptical to the way conventional masculinity is formed influences the relationship between the narrator with masculine voice and the female protagonist, Isabel Archer. The narrator begins the novel under the convention of omniscient narrator, whose presence implies the disembodied being who knows the whole. However, the story told by the narrator is about the failure of Isabel’s attempt to attain knowledge. Since the narrator as a realistic narrator shares with Isabel the epistemological premise that the appearance transparently displays the meaning, the act of narrating Isabel’s epistemological failure ironically dismantles the very principle of representation that the narrator depends on. The narrator thereby signifies the impossibility of the privileged position of conventional narrator with the omniscient perspective. The acquisition of knowledge is not unrelated to the myth of phallus. As the knowledge or the truth is invested with the symbolic power in the phallocentric order, the course of attaining the truth can be construed as the development of masculine subjectivity. However, while narrativizing the marriage of Isabel, the narrator casts a doubt on the stability of the phallic privilege. The narrator also interrogates whether a woman can become a subject only through a phallic union, pointing out that the existence of Isabel cannot be limited to the position of woman within the marriage plot. The narrator’s attempt to decenter the phallus undermines his initial attempt to take the position of a male writer by distinguishing himself from the female protagonist with “ridiculously active” imagination. The narrator explores a new narrative form to contain Isabel, and Ralph Touchett’s perspective functions as a medium for this experiment. Because he takes the ambivalently gendered position, Ralph’s perspective provides the possibility to create Isabel’s narrative digressing from the heteronormative marriage plot. Through Ralph’s metaphoric language, Isabel is described as an independent subject rather than a female subject who is restricted to the telos of the heterosexual contract. The narrator refuses to end the exploration of a new narrative form by suspending the narrative in the middle. As the act of leaving the ending unclosed is to renounce the authority of a male writer, it becomes impossible to explain the relationship between the narrator and Isabel with the formula of the relationship between the male writer and the female artistic object on which the writer’s male self is projected. In conclusion, by analyzing the narrative act of the narrator, this thesis highlights The Portrait of a Lady’s call for a narrative form that portrays the life of a woman without relying on the conventional plot that normativizes gender dichotomy.

Spatial practice and the theatrical authoring of Jacobean London (England, Ben Jonson, Thomas Dekker)

Mardock, James D The University of Wisconsin - Madison 2004 해외박사(DDOD)

The early seventeenth century saw changes in the ways Londoners conceived of their city, changes in their experience of drama and its relation to their everyday lives, and changes in their methods for comprehending space and the lived environment. Early modern playwrights' construction of civic and theatrical space influenced the development of a new urban consciousness and of new conceptions of authorship. On the stage, moving through and occupying space creates meaning in a way analogous to writing or reading, and the burgeoning dramatic culture of London extended this function of space to the city itself. Because it uses vocabularies of space as well as language, theater provides an experimental environment in which to explore the role of space and place in early modern London, and it also provides a means for the emergence of a new sort of authorial consciousness. This allows authors to claim a control over the spaces of the city that has the potential to contend with institutions of power, and one potent example of this is to be seen among the authors of the pageantry for King James's 1604 entry into London. Substituting an authorial progress through London for that of the king, Thomas Dekker and Ben Jonson present a potentially subversive challenge to official attempts to control the pageant's literalization of the idea of London. Similarly, the official goals of two Lord Mayor's Shows of 1612--13 are informed and compromised by their authors' imaginative practices of London's space. The dramatic genre of city comedy gave playwrights a similar sort imaginative control over the city's spaces. By portraying contemporary London with some exactitude, playwrights could extend the protean flexibility of the non-representative early modern stage to London itself, making the city's spaces as malleable as the playhouses. The environmental poetics that emerged from dramatists---particularly Ben Jonson---employing and reflecting on their potential to shape urban and theatrical space deserves consideration alongside the textual and material factors central to current debates about the development of early modern authorship.

Electronic transport and noise studies of amorphous and nano-structured hydrogenated silicon thin films

Belich, Thomas James, Jr University of Minnesota 2004 해외박사(DDOD)

The electronic, optical, and structural properties of amorphous and nanostructured hydrogenated silicon thin films are examined through a variety of characterization tools, including measurements of the dark conductivity, the photoconductivity, the thermoelectric power, the 1/f noise observed in conductance fluctuations, and the infrared and optical absorption. The characterization of these materials is performed with the aim of addressing several important questions regarding the influence of the long range fluctuations of the conductance band mobility edge. First, the question of whether or not a change in the long range disorder accompanies the light-induced degradation of these materials, termed the Staebler-Wronski effect, is addressed. Second, we discuss the utility of the 1/f noise, observed in amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) to display non-Gaussian characteristics, as a probe of the long range disorder. The noise properties observed in a-Si:H will also be compared to the noise observed in amorphous silicon nano-particles (about 150 nm in size). Lastly, the changes in film properties that result from the introduction of nano-sized crystallites into otherwise amorphous materials (forming nano-structured films) will be examined. Of particular interest to this final question is whether or not nano-structured films may be synthesized in such a way as to reduce or eliminate the light-induced degradation associated with the Staebler-Wronski effect without also reducing the sample quality.

Development and interpretation of ecological datasets for conservation planning and natural resources management

Thorne, James Hansen University of California, Davis 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation is an exploration of the creation, evaluation and utilization of large spatial datasets in the field of Ecology. I describe the creation and evaluation of a digital vegetation map for Napa County, the use of another vegetation map in developing a regional conservation plan, and the use of a spatial dataset in assessing the impacts of invasive bass on trout in over 3000 lakes in Ontario, Canada. Chapter one describes the development of a new vegetation map, and compares it to other digital vegetation maps to illustrate the strengths and weaknesses of each. The discussion includes suggestions of how each map might be used. Chapter two uses another vegetation map as the basis to develop a regional conservation design for the central coast of California. The conservation design is then tested to see how well it represents other elements of biodiversity, forming a test of the umbrella species concept. Chapter three is an assessment of which of 3000 lakes are both environmentally suitable to invasion by bass, and have a food web structure that causes populations of the dominant predator, lake trout, to be sensitive to the invasion of trout.

A theoretical and experimental elucidation of radical-molecule reactivity: Barrier height control by ionic states

Clarke, James Selden Harvard University 1999 해외박사(DDOD)

A theory for predicting and understanding radical-molecule reactivity is presented in which the barrier to reaction is the result of a two-state curve crossing between the ground and an excited state of the reactants and products. Before coupling, the crossing states are assumed to evolve linearly from well constrained initial conditions, allowing both the barrier height and barrier position to be determined. The initial energies of these states are determined by properties of the separated reactants and products, and can be modeled as they evolve prior to the linear crossing. Two distinct types of excited states are possible within this framework: covalent excited states described by the bond enthalpies of breaking and forming bonds; and ionic excited states described by the transfer of electron density between reactants or products. This theory is tested by using measured barrier heights for atom-transfer and atom-addition reactions for a range of radicals and molecules. Literature data are expanded with an extensive series of new measurements. Two high pressure flow instruments are used to measure the rate constants for several hydrogen (180–370 K). Three different sets of reactions are studied. First, the set of radicals Results unambiguously show that the barrier is controlled by the crossing of the ground and lowest-ionic surfaces. Second, the reactions of OH with ethane, propane, and cyclopropane are studied in order to test which molecular orbital defines the important ionic state. For cyclopropane, the controlling excited state is determined by a competition between excited state energy and orbital overlap, and can be described as a linear combination of the two lowest ionic states. Third, the addition of hydrogen atoms to a variety of alkenes is evaluated in order to understand reactions with multiple (covalent and ionic) excited states. In all cases studied, the variation in reactivity from reaction to reaction is dominated by the variation of excited ionic states.

Investigation of Chemical Looping for High Efficiency Heat Pumping

James, Nelson Purdue University ProQuest Dissertations & Theses 2019 해외박사(DDOD)

The demand for heat pumping technologies is expected to see tremendous growth over the next century. Traditional vapor compression cycles are approaching practical limits of efficiency and running out of possibilities for environmentally friendly and safe refrigerants. As a result, there is an increasing interest in pursuing non-vapor compression technologies that can achieve higher efficiencies with alternative working fluids. The chemical looping heat pump (CLHP) investigated here utilizes a chemical reaction to alternate a working fluid between more and less volatiles states. This allows the main compression to take place in the liquid phase and enables the utilization of a range of different working fluids that would not be appropriate for vapor compression technology.Thermodynamic models were developed to assess the potential performance of a chemical looping heat pump driven by electrochemical cells. A number of potential working fluids were identified and used to model the system. The thermodynamic models indicated that the chemical looping heat pump has the potential to provide 20% higher COPs than conventional vapor compression systems.An experimental test stand was developed to investigate the efficiency with which the electrochemical reactions could be performed. The working fluids selected were isopropanol and acetone for reasons of performance and availability. The test stand was designed to measure not only the power consumed to perform the conversion reaction but also the concentration of products formed after the reaction. The experimental tests showed that it was possible to perform the reactions at the voltages required for an efficient chemical looping heat pump. However, the tests also showed that the reactions proceed much slower than expected. To increase the rates of the reactions, an optimization effort on the membrane and catalyst selections was performed.Traditional catalyst materials used by solid polymer electrochemical cells, like those used in the testing, perform best in hydrated environments. The fluids isopropanol and acetone tend to displace water in the membranes, reducing the system conductivity. Multiple membrane types were explored for anhydrous operation. Reinforced sPEEK membranes were found to be the most suitable choice for compatibility with the CLHP working fluids. Multiple catalyst mixtures were also tested in the experimental setup. Density functional theory was used to develop a computational framework to develop activity maps which could predict the performance of catalyst materials based on calculated parameters.A detailed model of the CLHP electrochemical cell was developed. Built on open-source tools, the model was designed to determine the charge, mass, and heat transfers within the cell. The conversion of reactants along the channel of the cell as well as overall power consumption are predicted by the model. The model was validated against measurements and used to determine parameters for a CLHP cell that would have improved conversion performance and energy efficiency compared with the tested cell.The cell model was integrated into an overall system model which incorporates the effect of concentration changes throughout the entire cycle. Compared to the early-stage thermodynamic modeling, consideration of incomplete reactions provided more accurate predictions of the potential performance of CLHP systems. Different cell and system architectures were investigated to boost system performance. The model predictions demonstrated that the CLHP has the potential to provide high heat pumping efficiencies, but more work is still needed to improve the energy density of the system.