"Democratizing" clinical research? Efficiency and inclusiveness in an electronic primary care research network

Hudson, Brenda L University of Minnesota 2010 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation is a critical ethnography and rhetorical study of the development of an electronic network designed to advance medical research and improve health. Specifically, this study focuses on the network's social and technological affordances of efficiency and inclusiveness to connect communities of primary care physicians and clinical researchers to both expand participation in and expedite the research process. By examining the network's technical elements aligned with its social context, the assumptions that influence the choice of technologies, and the network's subsequent design, Brenda L. Hudson explores the network's hierarchical structure and potential democratizing capabilities in clinical research. Through field notes, interviews, and textual analysis, Hudson provides a micro-level examination of the electronic network's development and technical affordances during the program's three-year funded contract. An ethnographic narrative describes how the group functions as a "community of practice" to create a network linking primary care practices with clinical research. Further, Hudson provides a macro-level examination that draws on critical theories of technology and explores to what extent the network might serve as a "democratic" technology through its involvement of previously unprivileged populations in clinical research---primary care providers and patients. Results indicate that assumptions of efficiency and inclusiveness in clinical research---and specifically in the network's technical affordances---provide potential benefits to patients' health by widening the pool of researchers and participants and streamlining the recruitment process. However, manifest in this electronic network, these assumptions also pose potential risks and ethical challenges surrounding private health information and "therapeutic misconception," whereby a research participant believes that enrolling in a research study will provide direct therapeutic benefit. Further results indicate that although the development team has done much to assure a "democratic" development of use of technology by operating as a "community of practice," there exist unintentional asymmetrical hierarchies of who controls and uses the network, favoring primary care providers and practices that already exist in clinical research.

Silent readers, silenced readers: LGBT student perceptions of LGBT representation in composition readers

Hudson, John Henry University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 2007 해외박사(DDOD)

Lesbian-Gay-Bisexual-Transgender (LGBT) representation in composition readers remains limited and is frequently nonexistent (Hudson 2003). Thus, a significant minority of our composition students find themselves with little or no representation in so-called inclusive readers. In this dissertation, I present the findings of my research, based in part on interviews with self-identified and "out" LGBT students. I will explore the impact this lack of representation has on LGBT students in composition classrooms, and identify numerous benefits---as well as potential risks---of the presence of LGBT-related selections in composition readers. Building on the work of Malinowitz in Textual Orientations: Lesbian and Gay Students and the Making of Discourse Communities (1995), I draw attention to two persistent zones of silence in Writing Studies: LGBT students in composition classrooms and LGBT representation in composition readers. Given the persistence of homophobia, the very real harm that it continues to inflict, and the evidence which identifies the college-age population as that most prone to overt homophobic behavior, including homophobic violence, I argue that anti-homophobic pedagogy needs to be an element of our writing classrooms, and indeed of all campus classrooms wherever practical. Further, given the clear benefits of having LGBT-related selections in composition readers identified by my research participants, such selections ought to be a centerpiece of anti-homophobic pedagogy in composition classrooms. Finally, I argue that, if we are truly serious about both diversity and preparing students for just, democratic citizenship, this persistent silence in our readers must be broken.

(The)mixed state of superconductors

Hudson, Wayne R Scientific and Technical Information Division, Nat 1970 국내박사

Existentialist psychology in Pinter

Hudson, John Richard Keith U. M. I. 1984 국내박사

Wave-induced migration of grounded ships

Hudson, Patrick Jay The Johns Hopkins University 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

An improved understanding of the behavior of ships after running aground could lessen the environmental and economic damage caused by ship groundings. Wave forces often push grounded ships towards the beach, sometimes so far ashore that they become unreachable by salvage vessels. An estimate of the distance a grounded ship may migrate in a given time would help ship owners, insurers, and government officials make critical decisions in the initial hours after a ship grounding. The present study analyzes linear and nonlinear grounded ship motions, both experimentally and theoretically. Experiments were conducted to measure the motion response of an embedded ship hull at model-scale to both small-amplitude and solitary waves. The predicted oscillatory motion responses, based upon prior theoretical work on the linear motion of grounded ships, are compared to results from the small-amplitude wave experiments. A new method is presented to predict the distance a grounded ship will migrate ashore in a given time. This method shows good correlation with the migration distances observed in the solitary wave experiments.

Real-time Cure Monitoring of Composites Using a Guided wave-based System with High Temperature Piezoelectric Transducers, Fiber Bragg Gratings, and Phase-shifted Fiber Bragg Gratings

Hudson, Tyler Blake North Carolina State University ProQuest Dissertat 2017 해외박사(DDOD)

An in-process, in-situ cure monitoring technique utilizing a guided wave-based concept for carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) composites was investigated. Two automated cure monitoring systems using guided-wave ultrasonics were developed for characterizing the state of the cure. In the first system, surface mounted high-temperature piezoelectric transducer arrays were employed for actuation and sensing. The second system motivated by the success of the first system includes a single piezoelectric disc, bonded onto the surface of the composite for excitation; fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) and/or phase-shifted fiber Bragg gratings (PSFBGs) were embedded in the composite for distributed cure sensing. Composite material properties (viscosity and degree of cure) evolved during cure of the panels fabricated from HexcelRTM IM7/8552 prepreg correlated well to the amplitude, time of arrival, and group velocity of the guided wave-based measurements during the cure cycle. In addition, key phase transitions (gelation and vitrification) were clearly identified from the experimental data during the same cure cycle. The material properties and phase transitions were validated using cure process modeling software (e.g., RAVENRTM). The high-temperature piezoelectric transducer array system demonstrated the feasibility of a guided wave-based, in-process, cure monitoring and provided the framework for defect detection during cure. Ultimately, this system could provide a traceable data stream for non-compliance investigations during serial production and perform closed-loop process control to maximize composite panel quality and consistency. In addition, this system could be deployed as a "smart" caul/tool plate to existing production lines without changing the design of the aircraft/structure. With the second system, strain in low frequency (quasi-static) and the guided wavebased signals in several hundred kilohertz range were measured almost simultaneously using the same FBG or PS-FBG throughout the cure cycle. Also, the residual strain can be readily determined at the end of the cure. This system demonstrated a real-time, in-situ, cure monitoring system using embedded multiplexed FBG/PS-FBG sensors to record both guided wave-based signals and strain. The distinct advantages of a fiber optic-based system include multiplexing, small size, embedding, utilization in harsh environments, electrically passive operation, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) immunity. The embedded multiplexed FBG/PS-FBG fiber optic sensor can monitor the entire life-cycle of the composite structure from curing, post-cure/assembly, and in-service for creating "smart structures".

Unsettling Service: Rhetorical Education in the Chicago Settlement House Movement, 1890-1968

Hudson, David Paul ProQuest Dissertations & Theses The University of 2016 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation explores one story of how those who teach writing and rhetoric have attempted to "own" their own work through the identities that they create. Drawing on Dana Anderson's theory of "first-person identity constitution," I examine how three progressive era Chicago settlements houses invented shared identities for themselves by reimagining the nature of teaching as a form of labor. By calling upon and reinventing a sense of a shared tradition of extracurricular parlor-based civic learning, these settlement workers resisted outside cultural forces' constitution of them and worked toward increased agency for educators: both in their ability to articulate the significance of their own work and in their ability to effect change in the public square. Furthermore, in their process of resisting outside representations and developing a sense of their own shared traditions, settlements became spaces where teachers also negotiated how their work was inflected by race, class, religion, and gender. Using archives of organizational, personal, and professional materials, each chapter outlines how settlement educators and their colleagues represented their rhetorically-minded education as a form of work. After a brief preface, Chapter 1 situates the project in histories of Composition Studies and Rhetorical Education. Chapter 2 examines how the Chicago Commons revived and adapted 19th century elocutionary self-education, developing a collective identity for several interrelated educational fields that allowed them to mutually support the public value of their fields. Chapter 3 analyzes how Hull House Labor Museum offers an extracurricular precedent for writing program management as a place where rhetorical educators attempt to work out class struggles, including their own. Chapter 4 discusses first how Firman House resisted the city infrastructure's constitution of African American identity. Second, it also addressed how the House navigated the tension of being seen as part of this infrastructure itself, instead of as potential change agents. Chapter 5 concludes with a summary of the preceding argument and final reflections on the tensions within the ideological and material spaces between the commonplaces of professionalism and disciplinarity, especially for those who teaching writing and rhetoric.

Parenting in the context of adversity

Hudson, Glenetta L University of Michigan 2006 해외박사(DDOD)

There are many adverse factors within high risk environments that poor African American families experience as part of their everyday lives. African American children are more vulnerable than other children for living in poverty and developing cognitive and socio-emotional problems while living in these conditions. Aspects of a child's environment may encourage parents to raise their child to survive under unique circumstances. Few researchers have focused on resilient parenting in the context of adversity among urban African American mothers of preschoolers. The mixed methods design of this dissertation included a quantitative (Study one) and qualitative (Study two) component. Four hundred and seventy two mothers who completed Detroit Head Start enrollment data were included in Study One. This study examined parental adversity in the context of environmental stress, parental stress and parental resources, and examined how parental adversity impacts positive child socioemotional and behavioral outcome. The first study utilized a cluster analysis to descriptively examine how challenges and resources cluster together in distinct profiles of resilient families. Four clusters were identified: (1) Least Resourced Group, (2) Highest Resourced Group, (3) Moderate Resourced Group, and (4) Moderately Low Resourced Group. The cluster means for socio-emotional and behavioral outcome approached significance in being different from each other. Specifically, contrasts between the child outcome means of cluster three and cluster four show a trend towards negative child outcome for cluster three and positive child outcome for cluster four. The qualitative study (Study two) focused on 15 African American mothers who completed interviews that included open-ended questions about their parenting. Study two explored maternal challenges and parental resources identified as sources of strength for parenting among urban African American mothers of preschoolers. Ten maternal resources, 20 functional themes and 10 maternal challenges emerged from the data. The six most frequent maternal resources identified were maternal self, family/extended family, husband or significant other, generational/past parental history, spirituality and religiosity and race/racial identity/racial issues. The two most predominant challenges were environmental adversity and traumatic events.

Poverty and the secondary labor market

Hudson, Charles Kenneth The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill 2000 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation is about the relationship between work and poverty in the United States. In 1997 more than 35 million Americans had family incomes below the federal poverty threshold. Among those “officially poor” Americans who were able-bodied working age adults, more than half were employed in some capacity. I use the February 1995 and 1997 Current Population Survey Contingent Work Supplement to examine the link between the likelihood that individuals and families are poor and employment in “the secondary labor market.” The term “secondary labor market” refers that segment of the job market that is comprised of jobs of extremely poor, quality. About one out of six American workers is employed in the secondary labor market. I demonstrate the duality in American labor market by demonstrating that there is set of jobs in the labor market that, in the aggregate, have a greater than expected share of secondary labor market characteristics (low wages, no health insurance, no pensions benefits, contingent work). Minorities, women, and immigrants, have an increased risk of working in these jobs, even when controlling education, occupation, and other productive assets. Workers employed in the secondary labor market have substantially higher rates of family poverty than other workers, even when employed in full time jobs. Moreover, within the secondary market, black workers have poverty rates about three times greater than whites. These race differences persist even when controlling for the employment and labor market structure of the family. Black workers in the secondary market do worse than whites even when they are married and even when they have spouses employed in comparable segments of the labor market. Workers in the secondary market are younger than the workforce as whole, but only about a fourth of these workers are classified as students. Whether this group of workers will be able to transition from this market to better jobs in the future or whether they will remain in the secondary market poses a critical question for future research and public policy.

Engineering of an optimized acellular peripheral nerve graft

Hudson, Terry Wayne The University of Texas at Austin 2003 해외박사(DDOD)

The long-term goal of this work is to engineer a nerve graft for therapeutic applications in peripheral nerve repair. Currently, surgeons use an autologous nerve graft when attempting to repair a peripheral nerve injury with a defect longer than a few millimeters. This approach, however, has several significant limitations, including loss of function at the site from which the donor nerve is extracted. This dissertation describes the creation of an acellular nerve graft with a well-preserved extracellular matrix (ECM), a significant step toward the creation of a replacement for the autologous nerve graft. To create the acellular graft, the effects of various detergents on peripheral nerve structure and protein composition were examined. That knowledge was subsequently used to develop a chemical process for deriving an acellular graft with a well-preserved ECM from native nerve tissue. The success of this process was demonstrated through histological and Western analysis of the graft. Subsequently, the graft was implanted into the sciatic nerve of a rat, and immunological tolerance to the graft was examined. The cellular response to the graft was compared to a positive control that was immunologically tolerated and a negative control that was rejected. The number of macrophages and T-cells present in the graft after 28 days illustrated that the optimized acellular graft was immunologically tolerated. The regenerative capacity of the optimized acellular graft was also examined in vivo. Acellular grafts created with the most common thermal and chemical decellularization methods were also tested. In initial studies, axon density at the midpoint of the optimized graft was 96% higher than in the thermally decellularized model and 42% higher than in the chemically decellularized model. The results imply that a well-preserved ECM and the removal of cellular material are both important for optimizing regeneration through an acellular nerve graft. In addition to serving as a model for studying the role of the ECM in regeneration, cells, growth factors, or both, can be incorporated into the optimized acellular graft. Thus, the graft may act as a natural scaffold upon which a clinical alternative to the autologous graft can be built.