Patrolling the borders: Integration, identity, and patrol work in the New York City Police Department, 1941--1975

Darien, Andrew Todd New York University 2000 해외박사(DDOD)

The icon of the New York City police officer has occupied a unique place in the eclectic imagination of New Yorkers. For many of the city's residents in the first half of the twentieth century, New York's finest—the bluest of blue collars—conjured up notions of sturdiness, devotion, virility, and working-class machismo. While that image was relatively fixed in popular discourse until the 1960s, some New Yorkers maintained a far less flattering portrait of the man on the beat as crude, sexist, bigoted, and ominous. Regardless of one's assessment of the “typical” police officer, before 1960 few New Yorkers could dispute that he was a white male, usually of Irish descent. This project investigates the history of women and black and Puerto Rican men who crossed the “thin blue line.” It begins with the democratic promise of World War II and ends with New York's fiscal crisis in the early seventies. The heart of the dissertation focuses on the sixties, which begot a number of lively debates regarding the gender and racial boundaries of patrol work. As a bastion of white male labor well into the sixties, the history of patrol work can help to illustrate the contours of identity as manifested in the workplace. While the world of the patrol officer differed from other workplaces, its public and visible role made it an ideal subject for debates regarding fair employment practices, identity, and citizenship. The history of patrol work provides a particularly useful lens through which one can identify who had the authority to define what it meant to be a man or a woman or a member of a minority community, and how that power shifted over time. By interrogating the employment practices of the New York City Police Department (NYPD), one can identify who had the authority to construct, shape, bend, and re-form the racial and gender boundaries of patrol work.

"Hero of Our Race": The King Alfred Millenary and the construction of Anglo-American imperial and racial identity

Darien, Lisa University of California, Berkeley 2002 해외박사(DDOD)

The Anglo-Saxon king Alfred the Great was admired in many eras, but never more than in the nineteenth century. This glorification reached its zenith with the King Alfred Millenary, the celebration of the thousand-year anniversary of his death, in which English, American, and other admirers gathered to pay tribute to the man they styled the “Hero of Our Race.&rdquo. The Alfred Millenary arose from and partook of a particular moment in Anglo-American history. Planning for the Millenary was begun in 1898, the year of the Spanish-American War and one year after Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee. The Millenary was held in 1901, the year of the deaths of Victoria and President McKinley. This time period, 1898–1901, was also one of growing Anglo-American rapprochement and saw the United States entering into the league of colonialist powers, an entry that England alone seemed to support. Debate over the nature of imperialism—its justification and goals—was widespread at the time. Finally, in this period, racialist doctrines about the relative superiority of various races were applied to all areas of Western culture. These three things—Anglo-American rapprochement, imperialism, and racialism—were complexly interrelated and depended for their strength and prominence on each other. For example, Anglo-American rapprochement was based in part on perceived racial similarities between the two countries and found support in the racialist doctrine of Anglo-Saxonism. The rapprochement also arose from and in turn supported the various imperial ambitions of the two countries, ambitions that were justified in part by Anglo-Saxonism. The Alfred Millenary was both the culmination and incarnation of this complex nexus. Anglo-American rapprochement, imperialism, and Anglo-Saxonism found their expression in this celebration of the ninth-century king. Alfred was seen as the common racial ancestor of the English and the Americans whose superiority supported the claims of Anglo-Saxon racial superiority and thus Anglo-American imperial ambitions. In its rhetoric, symbolism, and physical form, the King Alfred Millenary drew on and reinforced these links between imperialism, Anglo-Saxonism, and Anglo-American rapprochement, thus becoming not just the celebration of an important historical personage, but indeed the very embodiment of the current historical moment.

Development of Multidimensional Spectroscopies to Investigate Transition Metal Dichalcogenide and Lead Halide Perovskite Semiconductors

Morrow, Darien James ProQuest Dissertations & Theses The University of 2020 해외박사(DDOD)

A system’s ability to create new electric fields from intense, applied electric fields offers unique insight into the quantum mechanical structure and photoexcited dynamics of the system. This dissertation describes the development, application, and modeling of new multidimensional spectroscopies along with more mature ones to investigate transition metal dichalcogenide and lead halide perovskite semiconductors which show great promise for next-generation photovoltaics and optoelectronics. First, we show that multidimensional triple sum-frequency (TSF) spectroscopy is susceptible to group and phase velocity mismatch artifacts when accomplished in a transmissive geometry with thick substrates. Using TSF in a reflective geometry, we interrogate the electronic structure of a MoS2 thin film and experimentally confirm predictions of band nesting contributions to MoS2’s optical joint density of states. We then show that TSF, when preceded by a pump, can probe the ultrafast dynamics of MoS2 and WS2 microstructures without suffering from sensitivity losses due to low surface coverage like the more common transient-reflectance spectroscopy. This work is then extended to the regime of an intense, non-resonant pump, and we demonstrate the existence of the optical Stark effect in optical harmonic generation. Next, we investigate questions relevant to material scientists. Transient-reflectance spectroscopy is employed to monitor ultrafast charge dynamics in WS2-MoS2 core-shell lateral heterostructures. After applying a Fresnel model to account for effects of the stratified substrate, we find no evidence for ultrafast charge transfer. We then use transient-transmittance and -reflectance spectroscopies to probe the hot carrier cooling and surface recombination dynamics of lead halide perovskites. Finally, we develop multidimensional harmonic generation as a probe of crystal symmetry, which is not susceptible to multiphoton photoluminescence artifacts.

Thucydides and the metaphysical foundations of history (Greece)

Shanske, Darien University of California, Berkeley 2001 해외박사(DDOD)

In this dissertation I treat Thucydides as a philosopher. This in contrast to the more standard approaches to him as an historian or political scientist. My chosen focus is not meant to discredit these other approaches; on the contrary, my aim is to explain how Thucydides remains so important both for history and for political science. I will argue that Thucydides's text has retained its relevance, indeed centrality, through its use of language. Although Thucydides's use of language has long been noted to be extraordinary, I have not found it discussed in great philosophical depth. This is not surprising given that most readers are not focused on philosophical issues. That said, there has recently been considerable treatment of Thucydides's work as a piece of literature (the “post-modern Thucydides”), and these analyses often relate Thucydides to the language and sensibility argued to be typical of tragedy. Yet tragedy is only discussed very broadly, which is to say that Thucydides is considered tragic because of general thematic (e.g. stunning reversals) and stylistic parallels to the tragedians (e.g. both Thucydides and Euripides incorporate traditional rhetorical models). The enormous literature on the <bold>philosophical</bold> import of tragedy, particularly the role of language in tragedy, is not analyzed, much less the manner in which it might relate to Thucydides. In contrast, this dissertation engages with Thucydides through the burgeoning philosophical literature on tragedy and language. In so doing I work with a philosophical tradition not often discussed by historians or political scientists (e.g. Hegel and Nietzsche on tragedy). And yet the arguments I make about Thucydides's language are related to those already made by respected traditional scholars of Thucydides. My dissertation thus makes explicit philosophical claims that other scholars have already implied. I conclude that time, language, and identity are all interconnected issues in Thucydides. Philosophers often fail to consider the role of time adequately. To philosophers of language, time is usually a distraction from the core meaning of a proposition (cf. Quine, <italic>Word and Object</italic> 170ff.). I do not believe that time can be excluded from meaning and will offer the working of Thucydides's text as providing a powerful argument against such bracketing of time. Thucydides s text gains its importance not only because time must be incorporated into meaning, but because Thucydides's incorporation of time is self-referential. (Abstract shortened by UMI.).

Mobilizing regionalism at Land's End: Popular electric guitar music and the Caribbeanization of the Brazilian Amazon

Lamen, Darien V University of Pennsylvania 2011 해외박사(DDOD)

This dissertation explores the intersection of popular music and the politics of place and space in the eastern Brazilian Amazon. More specifically, it employs multi-sited ethnographic methodology in examining the relationship of the lambada---a genre of electric guitar-based dance music consolidated in the port city of Belem, Para in the 1970s---to hegemonic developmentalist ideologies during the Brazilian military dictatorship (1964-1984) and to Brazilian multiculturalism in the early twenty-first century. This dissertation demonstrates how the lambada makes audible a history of mobile, cosmopolitan connections that transcend and transgress the boundaries of the Amazon region proper. These submerged "translaterai" links with the circum-Caribbean and the Brazilian Northeast challenge hegemonic constructions of Belem as a provincial outpost or pocket of exclusion "at land's end." Conceptualizing the Amazon region as a cosmopolitan contact zone for flows of Amazonian, Caribbean, and Northeastern Brazilian culture in this way demands an alternative to the center vs. periphery analytical paradigms that have heretofore rendered connections among and along peripheries invisible. The concept "frontier cosmopolitics" is therefore proposed as a means of theorizing the way Amazonians invoke the circum-Caribbean not only as a utopian site of cosmopolitan belonging beyond the nation, but also as a strategy for valorizing the Amazon within the political and cultural economies of the multicultural Brazilian nation.

Essays in asset pricing

Huang, Darien University of Pennsylvania 2015 해외박사(DDOD)

In the first chapter "Gold, Platinum, and Expected Stock Returns", I show that the ratio of gold to platinum prices (GP) reveals variation in risk and proxies for an important economic state variable. GP predicts future stock returns in the time-series and explains variation in average stock returns in the cross-section. GP outperforms existing predictors and similar patterns are found in international markets. GP is persistent and significantly correlated with option-implied tail risk measures. An equilibrium model featuring recursive preferences, time-varying tail risk, and shocks to preferences for gold and platinum can account for the asset pricing dynamics of equity, gold, and platinum markets, and quantitatively explain the return predictability. In the second chapter "Risk Adjustment and the Temporal Resolution of Uncertainty: Evidence from Options Markets", we examine risk-neutral probabilities, which are observable from option prices and combine objective probabilities and risk adjustments across economic states. We consider a recursive-utility framework to separately identify objective probabilities and risk adjustments using only observed market prices. We find that a preference for early resolution of uncertainty is important in explaining the cross-section of risk-neutral and objective probabilities in the data. Failure to incorporate a preference for the timing of the resolution of uncertainty (e.g., expected utility models) can significantly overstate the implied probability of, and understate risk compensations for, adverse economic states. In the third chapter "Volatility-of-Volatility Risk", we show that time-varying volatility of volatility is a significant risk factor which affects the cross-section and time-series of index and VIX option returns, beyond volatility risk itself. Volatility and volatility-of-volatility movements are identified from index and VIX option prices, and correspond to the VIX and VVIX indices in the data. Delta-hedged returns for index and VIX options are negative on average, and more negative for strategies more exposed to volatility and volatility-of-volatility risks. In the time-series, volatility and volatility of volatility significantly predict delta-hedged returns with a negative sign. The evidence is consistent with a no-arbitrage model featuring time-varying volatility and volatility-of-volatility factors which are negatively priced by investors.

Hablando Del Corazon: A Phenomenological Exploration of Immigrant Latina Women's Experiences in Mental Health Groups : Hablando del Corazon: Una exploracion fenomenologica de las experiencias de mujeres latinas inmigrantes en grupos de salud mental

Combs, Darien T ProQuest Dissertations & Theses University of Oreg 2021 해외박사(DDOD)

Cultural Hegemony, Political Movements, and the Problem of Publicity

Pollock, Darien R Harvard University ProQuest Dissertations & Theses 2022 해외박사(DDOD)

How does social change happen in a political arrangement? My dissertation argues that societies are transformed by the acceptance of “hidden scripts” that challenge the legitimacy of the dominant narratives accepted by the status quo. This “street domain,” as I term it, is important for not only understanding the nature of a public sphere but also for predicting the evolution of the “mainstream” discourse in a political arrangement. Finally, I argue that in Western culture there is a historical set of norms and incentives that prevent actors from recognizing the value of the “street knowledge” that constitute the content of the hidden scripts in a society. I call this set of norms and incentives the problem of white-mindedness.