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최근 전 세계적으로 비만 인구가 급증함에 따라 심각한 사회적 문제로 대두되고 있으며 비만은 건강을 해치는 단순 위험인자가 아닌 치료해야 할 질병으로 인식되고 있다. 비만 치료를 위한 다양한 약물들이 있지만 많은 부작용을 초래함에 따라 최근 천연자원 유래 부작용이 없는 항비만 소재를 개발하고자 하는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 녹용은 예로부터 동양권에서 대표적인 보약으로 이용해온 약재로서 다양한 생리활성이 있다고 보고되고 있다. 그러나 아직까지 녹용의 항비만 효능에 관한 연구는 매우 미흡한 실정이다. 따라서 이 연구는 녹용 유래 효소적 가수분해물을 이용하여 3T3-L1 세포와 고지방식이로 유도된 비만 마우스에서 항비만 효과 구명을 통해 잠재적인 항비만 소재로서의 가능성을 살펴보고자 수행하였다. Food-grade 단백질 분해 효소 즉 Alcalase (VAAH), Neutrase (VANH)와 Protamex (VAPH)를 이용하여 녹용 유래 효소적 가수분해물을 제조한 결과 VAPH의 추출 수율이 가장 높게 나타났으며 protein 함량과 uronic acid 함량 또한 다른 가수분해물에 비해 높은 수치를 나타내었다. 3T3-L1 지방세포에서 녹용 유래 효소적 가수분해물의 지방생성 억제 효과를 측정한 결과 VAPH가 가장 우수한 지방생성억제 효과를 나타냈으며 중성지방 함량 또한 농도 의존적으로 감소 시켰다. VAPH의 지방생성억제 효과에 관한 작용기전을 살펴본 결과 VAPH는 지방세포분화에 관여하는 핵심 전사인자인 SREBP-1, PPARγ, C/EBPα의 발현을 모두 감소시켰으며 이에 따라 지방세포분화가 억제되어 결과적으로 지방생성이 감소됨을 확인 하였다. In vivo상에서의 VAPH의 체중감소 효능을 확인하기 위해 고지방식이와 함께 VAPH (100 mg/kg 투여군, 300 mg/kg 투여군)을 13 주동안 투여한 결과 VAPH 투여군은 대조군에 비해 체중, 혈당, 중성지방이 감소하였다. 또한 간조직과 지방조직의 조직학적 관찰을 실시한 결과 농도의존적으로 VAPH 투여군은 대조군에 비해 간조직에서의 lipid droplets 축적을 억제하였으며 지방세포의 크기도 현저하게 감소시켰음을 확인 할 수 있었다. 이상의 모든 결과를 종합해 볼 때, VAPH는 지방세포분화억제 활성을 통해 지방축적을 억제하는 효과를 나타냄을 확인하였고 이에 따라 잠재적인 항비만 소재로서의 충분한 가능성이 있으리라 판단된다. Recently, there has been a growing interest in alternative therapies of bio-resources for obesity. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate anti-obesity effects of enzymatic hydrolysates from velvet antler on adipogenesis inhibition in 3T3-L1 cells and high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese mice. The hydrolysates were prepared by enzymatic hydrolysis of velvet antler using three commercial proteases such as Alcalase (VAAH), Neutrase (VANH), and Protamex (VAPH). The highest yield was recorded in the VAPH (35.3%) among the three enzymatic hydrolysates. In the present study, the major bioactive component of the enzymatic hydrolysates tested were found to be protein and uronic acid, and VAPH had the highest crude protein (348.25 mg/g) and uronic acid (522.92 mg/g) content. In this study, we assessed the potential inhibitory effect of enzymatic hydrolysates from velvet antler on adipogenesis the differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes into mature adipocytes by measuring Oil Red O staining. Among them, VAPH tested herein evidenced profound adipogenesis inhibitory effect, compared to that exhibited by the other two hydrolysates. Thus, the VAPH was selected for further experiments. The VAPH exhibited triglyceride accumulation (TG) reduction and down-regulated the expression of the adipogenesis-related proteins such as sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBPα) in a dose-dependent manner. In a mouse model of HFD-induced obesity, oral administration of VAPH (100 and 300 mg/kg for 13 weeks) significantly reduced the increased body weight gain induced by HFD. VAPH treatment also reduced serum glucose and triglyceride levels, while the level of HDL-C was increased. Furthermore, treatment of VAPH greatly reduced hepatic lipid droplets accumulation. Also, the size of adipocyte in VAPH-treated groups was dramatically decreased. These results demonstrated that the VAPH has anti-obesity and hypolipidemic effects. Therefore, VAPH may be an effective candidate for preventing obesity or obesity-related diseases.
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어린이합창단 체계 및 운영분석을 통한 활성화 방안 연구
정우령 대구가톨릭대학교 음악대학원 2012 국내석사
The objectives of this study were to survey and analyze the system and operation of children’s choirs not from a musical viewpoint but from an administrative viewpoint and to draw out strategies for activating children’s choirs as a contribution to the current and future conductors and administrators of children’s choirs. In consideration of the peculiarity and individuality of children’s choirs in Daegu and Gyeongsangdo, we selected the Daegu city Boys and Girls Choir, Daegu Genius Youth Choir, Clear Sound Boys and Girls Choir, Little Harmony Choir, Pilgrim Children’s Choir, Pueri Cantores Choir, and G&M Ulsan Broadcasting Children’s Choirs. First, a questionnaire survey and interviews were conducted with the conductors and administrators of the choirs on the operation of the choirs such as general introduction, main operator and choir system structure, member screening method, member management method, performance planning, advertising and execution, budget and fund raising, annual operation programs, and special programs. After the primary survey, additional surveys were conducted on further details through interviews with the conductors and administrators of the children’s choirs. This study reviewed the theoretical background of choirs, and then analyzed the activities of choirs according to their purpose and the structure of choir systems according to their main operator. In addition, we examined the current state of choir operation through member screening methods and member management methods, and found that planning, advertising and execution were different depending on who the main operator was. What is more, this study analyzed choir operation from an administrative viewpoint, focusing on budget and fund raising, annual operation programs and special programs. Through these analyses and examinations, we identified a number of problems in the administration of children’s choirs in Korea, and proposed strategies for activating the operation of children’s choirs as follows. First, there should be many events such as choir management seminars and camps for exchange among the conductors and administrators of children’s choirs as well as choir teachers. Second, the autonomy of operational rights to budget compilation and personnel management should be guaranteed to the conductors and administrators of children’s choirs. Third, more strict tests for member screening and regulations on children’s choir members should be established and stipulated clearly. Fourth, online marketing and advertising should be promoted through Web media. Fifth, sponsorship should be introduced for raising funds and attracting audience. Sixth, a large variety of education programs should be provided to the members of children’s choirs, and various programs should be developed for community in connection to children’s choirs. Seventh, specialists in the administration of children’s choirs should be raised, who are equipped with basic competences in music and administration. Eighth, it is necessary to authorize the conductors or administrators of children’s choirs to compile specific budget items through institutional devices so that they can participate in budget compilation. Through this study, we expect to make a contribution to activating the operation of children’s choirs in its administrative aspects.
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