細形銅劍文化의 展開過程 硏究 = (A) study of bronze slender daggers culture development process

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This thesis is designed for grasping the development process of Bronze Slender Daggers culture.
Bronze Slender Daggers culture(細形鋼劍文化) is distributed from the Primorie Krai, Russia(러시아 연해주) to the west of the Japanese Archipelago centering around the Korean Peninsula. Bronze Slender Daggers culture can be divided into six small unit-areas as fellows.
· The northwestern area of the Korean Peninsula : The mid-stream and downstream of the Dae-dong River(大同江), the Jae-ryoung River basin(載寧江流域), and the Ye-sung River basin(禮城江流域).
· The northeastern area of the Korean Peninsula : All over the Ham-heung Plain(咸興平野).
· The midwestern area of the Korean Peninsula: The Geum River basin(錦江流域), the coast of Nam-yang bay(南陽滯 沿岸), and the lower reaches of the Han River(漢江下流地域). It is the largest-scale culture-zone of Bronze Slender Daggers Culture areas, and it has the most typical characteristics of Bronze Slender Daggers culture.
· The southwestern area of the Korean Peninsula: The Young-san River basin (榮山江流域) and the western area of the southern coast in Jeonnam(全南) Province.
· The southeastern area of the Korean Peninsula: It is distributed all over the mid-stream and downstream of Nak-dong ver(洛東江).
· The northern area of Kyushu(九州), the Japanese Archipelago: Hukuoka prefecture(福岡縣) and Saga prefecture(佐賀縣) areas in the north of Kyushu.
Sub-divisions of Bronze Slender Daggers culture period(細形鋼劍文化期의 分期) are established and chronological sequences are carried out on the basis of the type transition of Bronze Slender Daggers and the assemblages. As a result, the Bronze Slender Daggers culture can be largely classified into four phases.
· I phase(the formative phase): The mould Ⅰ1 style of Bronze Slender Daggers still remained and the mouldⅡ1 style newly appeared. The Unique Bronze Ritual Implements(異形靑銅儀器) and the Mirrors with coarse lines on their back(多　粗紋鏡) are unique. It is considered that an influx of Bronze Slender Daggers culture is related to Qin Kai(秦蓋) the general of the Yan(燕) Dynasty invasion of Gojoseon(古朝鮮). Therefore the date of the influx could be inferred between the early third century B.C, and the mid-third century B.C.
· Ⅱ phase(the developmental phase Ⅰ ) : It could be subdivided into two phases.
Ⅱ-1 phase : The Unique Bronze Ritual Implements(異形靑鋼儀器) disappeared and the Mirrors with coarse lines on their backs(多　粗紋鏡) were converted into the Mirrors with minute designs(多　粗紋鏡) New weapons such as bronze spears(銅矛), bronze dagger-axes(銅戈), and Chinese-type Bronze Daggers(中國式銅劍) appeared at this phase. It is presumed that bronze spears and bronze dagger-axes were made on the model(祖形) of bronze spears and bronze dagger-axes of the Qin(秦) Dynasty. Consequently, the date of Ⅱ-1 phase is thought to be the chinese unification era(中國統一期) of the Qin Dynasty, that is, around the late third century B.C. It could be considered that the Chinese-type Bronze Daggers also were introduced together.
Ⅱ-2 phase : The Mirrors with minute designs are the biggest in size and the most precise and dense in design. sets of bronze bells(鋼鈴組合) appeared. The date is inferred to be around the end of third century B.C or the early second century B.C.
· Ⅲ phase(the developmental phase Ⅱ) : The iron culture of Chinese Warring States(戰國系 鐵器文化) was introduced. Bronze Slender Daggers cast by new mould appeared. Iron tools(鐵製 工具類) such as iron axes(鐵斧) and iron chisels(鐵鑿) appeared. The date is believed to be around the beginning of the second century B.C. or the end of the cento based on the date of the Lian hua to(蓮花堡) site from which the iron tools were excavated.
· Ⅳ phase (the declining phase) : It is the phase when the Han culture of Nangnang(낙랑계 한문화) was introduced, and it could be subdivided into two phases.
Ⅳ-1 phase : Iron weapons(鐵製 武器類) and iron tools(鐵製 工具類), horse equipments(馬具類), chariot fittings(車輿具), and so on appeared that had not been found before. Han-styled Mirrors(漢鏡) were in vogue instead of the Mirrors with minute designs. The date is believed to be around the early first century B.C. or the beginning of the first century A.D.
Ⅳ-2 phase : The Transformation Bronze Slender Daggers culture(變形細形銅劍文化) remained in some areas including Kim hae(金海). The date is inferred between the middle first century A.D and the early second century A.D.
In conclusion, the development process of Bronze Slender Daggers Culture is examined as follows.
The Bipa-shape Bronze Daggers culture(琵琶形銅劍文化) of Dalinghe-Shenyang area(大凌河-瀋陽地區) In the north-east of China came into the midwest of the Korean Peninsula by sea. And then Bronze Slender Daggers culture was formed there(the formative phase).
The culture began to be diffused into neighbouring areas from the early part of the developmental phase Ⅰ, and then spreaded into the Japanese Archipelago, no to speak of the Korean Peninsula at the end of the phase.
The iron culture of the Chinese warring states(戰國系 鐵器文化) was introduced at the developmental phase Ⅱ. The local colour of Bronze Slender Daggers culture began to appeal according to the acceptance or rejection of the iron culture, and then gradually was deepen in extent.
As the influx of the Nangnang Iron Culture(樂浪系 鐵器文化), Bronze Slender Daggers culture declined and was converted into the full-scale Iron Age at the declining phase.
The local colour(地域性) of Bronze Slender Daggers culture was deepen from the developmental phase Ⅱ, and so political unit-communities(政治體) appeared in each area. Such political unit-communities can be found in historical records. For example, there were subject Political unit- communities to Nangnang-gun(樂浪郡) in the north of the Korean Peninsula, Samhan(三韓) in the mideast of the Korean Peninsula, and Wae(倭) in the Japanese Archipelago.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 目次
• Abstract = ⅰ
• Ⅰ. 緖言 = 1
• 1. 硏究史 = 1
• 2. 問題 提起와 硏究 方向 = 7
• Ⅱ. 細形銅劍 關聯 遺蹟의 分布와 地域圈 設定 = 10
• 1. 細形銅劍 關聯 遺蹟의 分布 = 10
• 1) 韓半島 北部와 沿海州 = 10
• 2) 韓半島 中·南部地域 = 25
• 3) 日本列島 = 53
• 2. 細形銅劍文化의 地域圈 設定 = 58
• Ⅲ. 細形銅劍의 形式分類와 編年 = 64
• 1. 韓半島 出土 細形銅劍의 形式分類와 變遷 = 64
• 1) 分類基準의 設定 = 64
• 2) 細形銅劍의 屬性 = 81
• 3) 形式分類와 變遷 = 88
• 2. 日本列島 出土 細形銅劍의 形式分類와 變遷 = 98
• 1) 細形銅劍의 諸元 = 98
• 2) 屬性과 形成過程 = 103
• 3) 形式分類와 變遷 = 105
• Ⅳ. 細形銅劍文化의 分期 設定과 編年 = 109
• 1. 細形銅劍 出土 埋葬施設의 形式과 變遷 = 109
• 1) 埋葬施設 構造의 變遷와 分布 狀熊 = 109
• 2) 埋葬施設의 長軸方向과 枕向 = 118
• 2. 細形銅劍文化 關聯 遺物의 形式과 變遷 = 129
• 1) 武器類 = 129
• 2) 工具類 = 140
• 3) 儀器類 = 142
• 4) 裝身具類 = 147
• 5) 土器 = 148
• 6) 馬具類와 車輿具 = 151
• 3. 細形銅劍文化 分期 設定와 編年 = 152
• Ⅴ. 細形銅劍文化의 展開過程 = 160
• 1. Ⅰ期 ; 細形銅劍文化의 起源과 成立(B.C. 3초~B.C. 3전반) = 160
• 1) 細形銅劍文化의 流入 背景 = 160
• 2) 細形銅劍文化의 流入과 定型의 成立 = 167
• 2. Ⅱ期 ; 細形銅劍文化의 發展과 擴散(B.C.3 후반~B.C.2 초) = 168
• 1) 새로운 文物의 流入과 細形銅劍文化의 發展 = 168
• 2) 細形銅劍文化의 盛行과 擴散 = 169
• 3) 細形銅劍文化와 土着文化의 接觸 = 170
• 4) 細形銅劍文化의 日本列島 波及 = 171
• 3. Ⅲ期 ; 鐵器文化의 流入과 細形銅劍文化의 變化(B.C. 2초~B.C. 2말) = 174
• 1) 戰國系 鐵器文化의 流入 = 174
• 2) 細形銅劍文化의 地域的 發展 = 175
• 4. Ⅳ期 ; 漢文化의 流入과 細形銅劍文化의 衰退(B.C.1 초~A.D.2 전반) = 178
• 1) 樂浪郡의 設置와細形銅劍文化의 衰退(B.C1 초~A.D.1 전반) = 178
• 2) 變形細形銅劍文化의 殘存(A.D1 후반~A.D.2 전반) = 179
• Ⅵ. 結論 = 181