韓人의 臺灣지역 强制連行과 歸還 = (A) study of Korean's the compulsion taking and the repatriation at Taiwan and abroad

국문 초록 (Abstract)

대만은 중·일 전쟁 이후 일본군의 중국 및 동남아시아 침략의 군수물자 보급기지로 부상하며 전략적 요충지가 되었다. 대만의 군사적 역할이 증대되는 가운데 일제는 대만지역에 거주하던 한인들마저 전선으로 동원하였다. 일제의 강제연행이 극랄해지는 가운데 해방 당시 대만지역 한인의 수는 4천여 명에 이르렀다. 물론 그 가운데는 한반도에서 강제연행 된 사람도 적지 않았다. 그런 점에서 대만지역은 일제가 자행한 강제연행의 실상과 해방 후 한인의 귀환문제를 해명하기 위해 주목되어야 할 연구 대상이다.
한인의 대만지역 이주는 1900년경부터 시작되어 지속적으로 증가하는 가운데 1930년대 후반 무렵 2천명 정도의 규모로 성장해 갔다. 대만에 거주하는 한인들은 청장년층이 주류를 이루었으며, 독신생활자가 다수를 차지하였다. 이들은 집단 거주형태를 취하여 호당 인구수가 높았다. 대만 거주 한인들 중에는 어업, 상업, 화류업에 종사하는 이들이 많았다. 그리고 중계무역상 등 단기체류자도 적지 않았다. 대만 거주 한인의 남녀 성비는 여성의 수가 약 1.5배 정도였는데, 1930년대 초반 대만총독부 통계서에 따르면, 3백여 명에 가까운 사람이 '창기·작부'로 분류된 여성들이었다.
중일전쟁이 막바지로 치닫던 1939-1941년, 일제가 민간인을 통제하는 '渡中制限措置' 아래서도 중국 지역으로 건너간 '군위안소관계' 한인은 7백여 명에 달했다. 이들 가운데는 대만 한인 여성을 비롯, 한반도에서 끌려온 여성도 포함되어 있었다. 그리고 대만의 한인 여성들 가운데는 일본군 '위안부'로 일제침략전선인 해남도 및 싱가포르, 보루네오 등으로 끌려간 경우가 많았다.
1941년 태평양전쟁이 발발하면서, 일제의 '전시동원'은 극에 달하였다. 동남아시아 전선이 갈수록 혼전 양상으로 치닫는 가운데, 일제의 강제연행은 대만지역으로도 확장되었다. 대만지역에 군인·군속, 노무자로 강제연행 된 이는 3천 명을 넘으며, 대만에 주둔하던 육군 제10방면군으로 강제연행 된 한인만도 1천 4백명에 달했다. 또한 대만은 동남아로의 해상관문이라는 지리적 성격으로 전투지가 아님에도 불구하고, 수많은 한인들의 희생터가 되었다.
대만은 일제 패망과 함께 중국 국민정부의 관할에 놓였다. 그러나 중국 본토 내 국공내전에 전력을 집중한 국민정부 정권은 대만지역을 수복 및 치안유지의 차순위로 설정되었다. 이러한 상황에서 1945년 10월까지 패전국 일본은 대만지역 지배력을 유지하고 있었으며, 일본인의 자국 송환에 적극적으로 원조한 미국의 정책에 편승하여 원활한 귀환을 실시할 수 있었다.
대만성행정장관공서의 한인 귀환에 대한 정책은 중국 국민정부의 기조와 크게 다르지 않았다. 국민정부는 한인을 크게 '일반한교'와 '한적사병'으로 구분하여, 「한교한부처리판법」·「韓僑處理暫行辦法」을 적용하였다. 기본적 입장은 한인의 의사에 따라 거류증을 발급하거나, 귀환시키는 것이었으나, 대체로 '집단송환'의 형태로 귀결되었다. 대만지역에서 한인 귀환은 주로 1946년 3·4월에 이루어졌는데 이 시기 한인병사 1천 3백여 명과 일반 한인 1천 8백 여명의 귀환이 전개되었다.
해방 이전 대만 및 인근 지역으로 징용·징병된 한인 병사·군속·노무자 등으로 구성된 '韓籍官兵集訓總隊'는 임정의 영향권 밖에 놓여 중국 국민군의 직접 관리를 받아야 했다. '한적관병집훈총대'는 '親華세력을 양성하여 한반도에서의 권익을 확보'한다는 對韓정책의 기조 속에 시행된 것이었다.
국공내전이 치열해지는 가운데 중국 국민정부는 '韓僑入境處理辦法'을 통해 한인의 중국 내 이동을 제한하였다. 1947년 2·28사건이 일어나고, 대만성정부가 수립된 후, 대만 각 기관은 대만으로 유입하는 한인에 대해 거류증 발급조건을 까다로이 하고, 불충분시 곧 송환시키는 자세를 견지했다.
대만한교협회는 한인의 신원을 보증하고 한교거류상황을 조사, 보고하는 등 주화대표단이 설치되지 않은 상황에서 준국가적 기구로써 역할을 담당해 나갔다. 대부분의 한인이 귀환하는 가운데, 2백여 명의 한인은 현지 정착으로 새삶을 찾아 나갔다. 한교협회는 대한민국 정부가 수립되면서 주대만대한민국 총영사관이 설치될 때까지 현지 한인의 자치적 대표기관으로서 역할했다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study wishes to examine closely Compulsion taking of Korean's Taiwan move and Korean society's personality, China's southern part of Japan imperialism and southeast Asia plunder and Korean in organic relation. And put target to clear China 'Kuomintang(國民黨 ; the nationalist party)' policy about governmental Korean and real facts of Korean's Repatriation, in Taiwan area after Liberation.
It had begun about 1900 that Korean begins to move to Taiwan. But, scale of move was not big at that time. As Korean who is inhabiting in Taiwan that is about the 1910 100 people increases gradually from the 1920s, grew to scale 2 thousand persons 1990s the late time.
These had majority floor membrane prime of life, and there were a lot of these who do single life than family unit. Woman's number was reaching about 1.5 times in man and woman sex ratio, and these were shown group dwelling form. Also, because there were many floating populations, was showing that fixing base was weak.
As Formosan Korean society is expanded, Korean's job also became various and so on 'Prostitute·Barmaid' in commerce, fishery. And did not write transit trade etc.. stopover letter. According to Taiwan government-general statistics three the early 1930s, was women who person is classified as 'Prostitute·barmaid' for 300 person among whole Korean. In connection with, it is truth that was converging around distance that their residential district is Japan mainly, Japan army, port to observe.
As plunder the front line of Japan imperialism is expanded to China's southern part, Hainan Island, southeast Asia like places since the China-Japan war in 1937, Taiwan area converted to facility that support war of aggression in home front. Strategic personality of Taiwan area such as him was same in occasion of compulsion taking. That is, Korean who live in Taiwan was target of compulsion taking. There were a lot of occasions that lead by Hainan Island and Singapore, Boruneo etc.. as Japanese army 'Comfort woman' among women who is the Formosan South Korea.
Among 1939~1941 year that He China-Japan war in 1937 runs to end, 'County comfort station' relation Korean's number reached in 700 people in some data crossing to China area when Japan imperialism controls China change of base of private citizens. Woman who take in South Korea as well as Korean woman which live in Taiwan among these was included thing.
Formosan military role enlargement was connected by Korean's Taiwan area compulsion taking. In 1941, as Pacific War breaks out, 'Time of war, mobilization' of Japan imperialism was reached at climax. Running by mixed-up fight aspect as southeast Asia the front line goes, compulsion taking was extended to Taiwan area.
Compulsion taking Korean reached to 1,400 as Japanese army 'Je10bangmyeongun'(第10方面軍 ; the Tenth Japanese Army in taiwan) who soldier·civilian employee, by workman a compulsion taking person passes over 3,000 people, and stays in Taiwan area. Also Taiwan became war end, great many korean people's sacrifice space in spite of that battle place is not by geographical personality called sea barrier to the Southeast Asia.
Taiwan was put in China Kuomintang(the nationalist party) administration's jurisdiction with defeat of Japan imperialism. But, it comes to October, 1945 middle and was to become that Taiwan area does virtual direct control area of Kuomintang. That the Kuomintang administration which could not stretch out hand in Taiwan area immediately in department·ball internal war circumstance does not recognize the formosan political importance be due to. Taiwan government-general's administration government could be continued too late. That Japan could take charge of administration·public peace etc.. for 67 months in Taiwan after defeat was not unrelated with 'Gukgongnaejeon'(國共內戰 ; the china internal war in 1946) that is spread passionately in China proper at that time. The Kuomintang administration focused military strength to northeast and anger northern region station to occupy superiority in showdown with the Communists administration. Therefore, as is situated on back of the Kuomintang administration, Taiwan area that Communists administration's force does not reach could not but become secondary order in reclamation and maintenance of public peace.
Rule power for Taiwan of the Kuomintang administration was applied late relatively, but could be mobilized firm. Some military groups of Chinese southern area weighed the Kuomintang administration and Communists, but influence that Taiwan is such by relation that was colony of Japan could not exist. Also, Taiwan area was situated outside influential sphere of Communists.
'Collaborating on actively with the United States of America, in the Korea Peninsula training influence that is friendly in the China' interests of the Kuomintang administration security 'Korean (; Korean residents abroad) established in keynote of done Korean policy' policy without external effect in Taiwan apply can .
Policy about repatriation, Korea of 'At Daemanseonghaengjeongjanggwangongseo'(臺灣省行政長官公署 ; A administration minister office building in Taiwan Province), did not differ greatly with basis of the China Kuomintang administration. The Kuomintang administration divides Korean by 'Ordinary people' and 'pre-Japanese army soldier greatly, [한교한부처리판법 ; processing korean prisoner's enforcement law]·[韓僑處理暫行辦法 ; Korean general apply law]. Kuomintang administration's basic entrance was thing which is issued residence certificate according to Korean's intention, or repatriation, but was ended in form of 'Group repatriation' generally.
Repatriation that is the Korean in Taiwan area was achieved for 1946 3·4 month mainly. Can know that 1300 Koreans military affairs and repatriation of general Korean 1800 person were spread if generalize Taiwan and Japan connection an organ's numberical statement.
Because Taiwan does Korean soldiers who was Japanese Army gather, Taiwan makes from November, 1945 'Hanjeokgwanbyeongjiphunchongdae'(韓籍官兵集訓總隊 ; The group of pre-Japanese soldier from Korean), managed. 'Hanjeokgwanbyeongjiphunchongdae' to Taiwan and neighborhood area ago release·that by Korean soldier·civilian employee·workman group in Taipei (臺北 ; Taipei) city neighborhood assemble. These take "Three Principles of the People" and democracy teaching for 3 months, and had military style life under Taiwan county's support generally.
'Hanjeokgwanbyeongjiphunchongdae' is guessed by thing connected with location strengthening plan in Korean Peninsula through Kuomintang administration's 'Friendship influence positivity for the China'. Their repatriation repeats postponement by American loaf, and was achieved over March, 46 twice. 1,777 person of general Korean's repatriation returned to group and appeared in small-scale individual return form after April, 1946.
August, 1946 time, Taiwan Korean's return pause being done return business at people government diplomacy transfer the control of. After this Taiwan Executive Branch's 'Korean residents abroad business' was made efforts in Korean's dwelling investigation and residence symptoms issuance etc. This time, while 'Gukgongnaejeon' all Kuomintang group does not escape consecutive defeats, occasion that korean people of China proper flow in Taiwan was not less. 'Entry into a county recipe that is the Korea' was action that come out in these circumstance. Do residence symptoms issuance condition critically, and adhered to position that is deported soon at imperfection about Korean who Taiwan each institution flows in Taiwan.
This time, 'Daemanhangyohyeophoe'(臺灣韓僑協會 ; Taiwan Korean residents abroad association) took charge of role by utensil the associate enemy in circumstance that 'Coinage delegation' is not placed that warrant Korean people's identity and examines and report Korean's dwelling circumstance. While most Koreans return, about 200 Korean detected new life to local fixing. 'Korean residents abroad association' acted as a representative institution local Korean's self-government enemy until 'Stationed in Taiwan Korean Ambassy' is placed as the Government of the Republic of Korea is established.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 國文抄錄 = ⅰ
• 目次 = ⅲ
• 1. 서론 = 1
• 2. 식민지시기 대만지역 이주와 강제연행 = 5
• 1) 한인의 이주와 생활상 = 5
• 2) 대만지역 한인 여성의 일본군 '위안부' 강제연행 = 17
• 3) 군인·군속의 강제연행과 희생 = 24
• 3. 해방 후 귀환의 실상과 성격 = 29
• 1) 중국 국민정부의 대만 수복과 일본인 송환의 성격 = 29
• 2) 중국 국민정부의 對한인정책과 한인의 귀환 = 36
• (1) 중국 국민정부의 한인 귀환 방침 = 36
• (2) 일본군 출신 '한적관병집훈총대'와 일반 한인의 귀환 = 38
• 3) '대만성정부'의 수립과 한인의 현지 정착 = 44
• 4. 결론 = 47
• 參考文獻 = 51
• Abstract = 55