韓國의 貧困과 家族解體에 關한 硏究 = (A)study on the poverty and family disorganization in Korea

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The poverty is the common issue in any time and any society. Absolute and relative poverties have been raised as the social issue in today's society. Poor families most seriously and quickly suffer from the difficulty and impact caused by the economic crisis. Most of these peoples getting along with low wage in the surrounding labor market are exposed to the matter of unemployment caused by the economic crisis, and these families' disorganization potential is higher than the ones of other families in terms of structure and function. Therefore, we will present the plans of private sector and government to solve the matter of poor families and for the prevention of disorganization of poor families.
1. The plan of private sector and government to solve the matter of poor families
A. Unemployed female family heads and hungry children
As the plans regarding the matter of poverty to be considered by the private sector and government, we may consider the following plans: First, the start-up assistance and employment subsidy for the female family heads in terms of generation and maintenance of jobs. Second, the special job training and increase of employment ratio for the unemployed female family heads and child-care allowance for the female family heads under job training. Third, the unemployment allowance, public and special job offering programs intended to establish the social safety network for the unemployed female family heads by improving the work capacity. Fourth, the supplementation of employment safety network intended to establish the database for the unemployed female heads and inducing the unemployed female family heads to register the job-hunting.
The government's plan for hungry children may be classified into two according to the subject to drive the plan. First, the project of providing the lunch to the hungry children by the ministry of education and food bank project by the ministry of health and welfare.
B. Plan to resolve the matter of poverty
The government should be responsible for the unemployment of low class to the considerable level and generate the jobs for the low class by designating the bottom line for the prevention of falling down to the lower class. It must provide the jobs to the low class with the motivation to work. According to Dr. No, Dae Myong, a health and social researcher, the self-supporting project of providing the jobs to the low class must motivate the work desire of low class through the differentiation between diligent people and lazy people and the skilled people and unskilled people. For the issue of disease, the government should prepare the plan to provide the medical allowance to the low class patients suffering from the chronic disease and paying lots of medical expenses and provide the tax incentive and subsidy to the companies hiring the people of low class and generate the jobs by fostering the small and medium sized companies.
C. Positive support for new low class
The matter of relieving new low class has been raised as the social critical issue as numbers of low class people suicide. New low class means the group of people making 100~120% of minimum living cost (1.02 million won for the household of 4 persons) and more than 3.2 million people correspond to this class. Increase of low class is resulted from the compositive effects of various elements such as income reduced by the economic slump, excessive use of credit card and propensity of consume not suitable for each individual's income. New low class suffering from the bonds, bad credit, low wage and unstable employment may select to suicide or commit the crime, so the government must positively prepare the plan for new low class and drive the strong economic policy focused on the 'growth for the people' and 'growth with sharing'.
We herewith present some ideas to prepare for the reasonable policies. First, the government must prepare the legal system to be with the poor and alienated people by actualizing environmental housing welfare policy and play the role to consolidate and coordinate the egoism and conflict among ministries. Second, the government must expand the supply of medium sized rental house and develop the residential compounds to reflect the local characteristics and residents' demands and consider the harmony between the classes by escaping the uniform small sized rental houses. Third, the government must actualize the environmental housing welfare policy by maximizing the ratio of rental house upon developing the residental compounds.
D. Support for the low class with the earnings generated from the issue of Lottery known as Lotto
The official announced the plan to use some portions of earnings generated from the issue of Lotto in order to assist the low class, making less than 1.22 million Won (basis of the household of 4 persons) monthly basis, not supported by the government in relation to the increased suicide for the reason of difficulty living. The official announced the plan under review to use 50~55 billion Won financed from 5% of total earnings allocated to the social welfare fund and the earnings generated from the Angel Lotto issued on the internet in order to support the low class. The official said to raise the fund soon after deciding the supporting method and amounts and the people to be supported. However, they must make efforts to get more people supported by raising the amounts.
2. Preparation for the plan to prevent the disorganization of poor families
A. Plan for single parent household
The government must introduce the allowance system for children and support the cost required for the fostering of children by paying the allowance for children to the single parent families preferentially.
The government must implement the law of family welfare in timely manner and constitute the supporting law to enable the organized and comprehensive support for the single parent families. We need to constitute the welfare law of mother-child to support the mother-child families and welfare law of single parent family to enable the support for whole single parent families.
Practical improvement plans of social welfare service are as follow: First, providing the emotional service. Second, providing the service to support the housework. We need to develope and make use of the program of dispatching the volunteer to complement the vacancy of housework occurring in single parent household. Third, providing the service to support the children's education. Fourth, we need to eliminate the social prejudice on the single parent house and form the social consensus "Single parent family may play the successful role as a household by means of developing and awarding to the successful cases of single parent family.
B. Development of private social welfare program
Occurrence of single parent family caused by the increased domestic violence and divorce rate is resulted from the mass employments caused by the IMF system and economic slump.
For the successful private social welfare program, first, we need to develop the program to support the household by converting the unit of individual to the unit of household. Second, we need to develop diverse programs regarding the adjustment of anger and change of family role. Third, we need to introduce the program to arrange the intensive service system and manage the cases. Fourth, we need to develop the recruiting information program by type of unemployment using the computerization network. Fifth, we need to develop the program to organize the unemployed household. Sixth, we need to develop the social welfare program for unemployed and homeless people. Seventh, we need to develop the campaign program to diffuse the community spirit. Eighth, we need to develop the specialized program by private social welfare organization in consideration of local condition. Ninth, we need to develop the program to establish the network required for the resolution of unemployment. Organizations such as government, local government, company, union and private organization perform the social welfare service for the unemployed households.
C. Securing of professional manpower
Major roles of private organizations are to satisfy the requirements of people to be supported in psychological and social aspects rather than providing the physical resource. Private organizations are expected to secure some professional manpower by making use of NGO or resource organization to the maximum in order to supplement the lacked fund.
D. Plan to resolve the issue of homeless people
Number of homeless people is considerably increased for the reason of recession. Recent trend of homeless people differ from the one at the time of IMF economic crisis in that young peoples of 20s~30s occupy considerable number. This is the case showing the seriousness of young people's unemployment resulted from the economic slump.
Therefore, we need to think about the plan to resolve the issue of homeless people, and first, the role of government is very important, and the government needs to establish the social safety network (expansion of range of people to be supported for living, access to the maintenance of family relation in terms of welfare and supply of public rental housing) and institutionalize the support for the homeless people (establishment of emergency supporting system and institutionalization of residential welfare). Second, we need to think about the role of local government. The local government needs to support the private organizations in terms of administration and finance (support for the expenses required for providing the meals and convenient facilities and operation of resting place) in order to help the homeless people by means of selecting the people to be supported and providing the meals to the selected people and providing the consultation service. Third, we may consider the role of private organizations basically performing the actual protection activities, conversion of social opinion and consultation, and in addition, the private organizations performs various activities such as installation of network among private social organizations, project regarding the public opinion, development of policies, fabrication of informative date for homeless people, providing the medical, psychological and legal consultation, fund raising and development of volunteer service program. They also operate small scaled feeding facilities to secure the minimum dignity and drive the self-supporting project for homeless people (magazine published and sold by the homeless people and the other projects).
E. Constitution of basic law of fostering healthy family
Constitution of basic law of fostering healthy family is needed to operate the existing facilities or install the home consulting and supporting organizations performing the projects such as the support for the household, improvement of the welfare in the unit of household, performance of education required for the maintenance of healthy household, prevention, consultation and curing of home problems, development of program required for the maintenance of healthy family. This law also regulates the employment of experts specialized in the healthy family required for the performance of project of fostering the healthy families.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차 = ⅰ
• 제1장 서론 = 1
• 제1절 연구의 목적 = 1
• 제2절 연구의 내용과 범위 = 4
• 제3절 연구의 방법 = 5
• 제2장 이론적 배경 = 8
• 제1절 빈곤의 개념과 원인 = 8
• 1. 빈곤의 개념 및 빈곤선 = 8
• 2. 빈곤의 원인과 유형 = 20
• 제2절 가족해체의 개념 및 발생원인 = 45
• 1. 가족해체의 개념 = 47
• 2. 가족해체의 발생원인 = 56
• 제3절 빈곤과 가족해체와의 관계 = 79
• 1. 빈곤을 결정하는 요인 = 79
• 2. 우리나라 빈곤의 일반적 특성 = 85
• 3. 우리나라 가족해체의 일반적 특성 = 97
• 4. 연구내용의 체계 = 108
• 제3장 빈곤과 가족해체의 관계에 대한 사례 분석 = 109
• 제1절 국민기초생활수급자의 실태 = 109
• 1. 일반 특성 = 109
• 2. 생활 실태 = 117
• 3. 수급자 가구의 구조적 특성 = 124
• 4. 수급자 가구의 기능적 특성 = 129
• 5. 빈곤과 가족해체의 관계 = 136
• 제2절 선행연구와 조사결과의 차이 및 특성 = 143
• 1. 가족구성 형태 = 143
• 2. 가구주의 성별 = 144
• 3. 가구원 수 = 144
• 4. 가구주의 연령 구조 = 145
• 5. 가구주의 교육 정도 = 146
• 6. 직업 유무 = 147
• 제3절 빈곤과 가족해체의 관계에 관한 사례분석 = 148
• 1. 빈곤이 가족해체로 이르는 유형 = 148
• 2. 가족해체가 빈곤으로 이르는 유형 = 157
• 3. 기타 유형 = 172
• 제4장 빈곤과 가족해체에 대한 대응방안 = 182
• 제1절 빈곤에 대한 대응방안 = 182
• 1. 이론적 빈곤정책 = 182
• 2. 구체적인 빈곤정책 = 187
• 3. 우리나라 빈곤정책의 과제 = 193
• 제2절 가족해체에 대한 대응방안 = 207
• 1. 가족해체 예방정책 = 210
• 2. 가족해체에 대한 가족기능강화정책 = 217
• 제3절 빈곤과 가족해체에 따른 해결 대안 모색 = 228
• 1. 빈곤가족 해체 방지를 위한 대안 모색 = 228
• 2. 해체가족 복지 관련 조직 및 제도 강화 = 235
• 제5장 결론 = 243
• 제1절 결론 = 243
• 제2절 본 연구의 유의미성 = 253
• 참고문헌 = 263
• 부록 복지대상자통합조사표 = 276
• ABSTRACT = 280