朝鮮後記 極樂九品圖 硏究

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

A Paingting of the Pure Land Nine Grades(極樂九品圖) is the work showing the religious belief of the common people who pray for reborn through the chanting in late Joseon Period. This painting succeeded to the iconography of the Paintings of the Paradise of Amitabha(觀經變相圖) that steadily lasted from Goryo Period to Joseon. Of all the elements inherited iconography, the Nine Grades Pond was specially emphasized in the frame. Also Amitabha triad(阿彌陀三尊) and the Reborn Person(往生者) of the Nine Grades Pond became the central elements composing a Paingting of the Pure Land Nine Grades. This painting is similar to the Paintings of the Paradise of Amitabha in iconography. However, as the iconography extended Nine Grades Pond took firm root, this painting became a unique part of a Buddhist Paintings. So this paingting needs to be grasped as the independent category not category of the Paintings of the Paradise of Amitabha.
This paper is to research the Paingting of the Pure Land Nine Grades by analyzing the unique iconography regarded as the Paintings of the Paradise of Amitabha all the while.
The Painting of the Pure Land Nine Grades is to describe the Pure Land. The chapter two considers the Sutras related to this painting. The sutras relevant to this painting are three kinds of Sutras of Pure Land. In these Sutras the Pure Land and Reborn Action was recorded. The Paingting of the Pure Land Nine Grades has something to do with Amitayurdhyana sutra(觀無量壽經) which is the basic sutra of the Paintings of the Paradise of Amitabha. Furthermore, the Pure Land and Nine Grades Pond connected with Amitabha Sutra(無量壽經) and Sukhavati-vyuha(阿彌陀經). The Paingting of the Pure Land Nine Grades includes not only contents of Amitayurdhyana sutra but also those of Amitabha Sutra and Sukhavati-vyuha.
In order to understand the Paingtings of the Pure Land Nine Grades, to begin with, it is necessary to know the Paintings of the Paradise of Amitabha. Therefore, the chapter three treats the foundation of iconography of the Paingting of the Pure Land Nine Grades. The Paintings of the Paradise of Amitabha in Goryo and Joseon Period have influence on the foundation of the Painting of the Pure Land Nine Grades in iconology. Besides the Painting of Reborn Shortcut(往生捷徑圖) played an important role in foundation of the Paingtings of the Pure Land Nine Grades
As coming to late Joseon Period, the complex iconography of the Paintings of the Paradise of Amitabha became simple. The reason why the iconography became simple is caused by the public character of the contemporary Buddhism. In other words, at that time Joseon people had the religious belief that can reborn by chanting. In late Joseon Period two forms of the Paingting of the Pure Land Nine Grades began to appear.
The chapter four analyzes the characteristic of iconography. The Paingtings of the Pure Land Nine Grades of late Joseon Period can be divided into four according to form. The first form is the composition emphasizing on the Nine Grades Pond. In the middle of frame Amitabha Triad and Reborn Person of the Pond is disposed. The expressions of the emphasis on the Pond appear in the contemporary three kinds of Sutras of Pure Land woodcut print.
The first form is classified into two types. These two types are the modification of the first form.
The second form is to divide frame into nine. In the center of frame there is a Amitabha Pure Land Assembly described Nine Grades Pond. The Paingtings of the Pure Land Nine Grades of Shin Hung sa and that of Hung Guk sa belong to the second form. It is not sure why the frame was divided into nine, however, the composition seems to be suitable to express the Nine Grades. In addition the painting album and the woodcut print seem to have influence on the nonasection of frame.
The chapter five treats the stylistic characteristic of the Painting of Pure Land Nine Grades. This painting has the unique compositional change, the descriptive change, and coloring change. This painting is different from the the Paintings of the Paradise of Amitabha in composition. The Painting of Pure Land Nine Grades has the simple structure that emphasizes on the Nine Pond, while the composition of the Paintings of the Paradise of Amitabha is very complicated. The expression of animal has difference from the the Paintings of the Paradise of Amitabha. The difference of expression seems to be caused by current of the times. Also the elements of folk painting was added to this painting. The coloring became lighter than before, however, the soft color sense lasted.
The Paingtings of the Pure Land Nine Grades of late Joseon Period have the significance in that these paintings accept people's desire on account of unique iconography and clear communication.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 目次 = 0
• Ⅰ. 머리말 = 1
• 1. 연구 목적 = 1
• 2. 연구 내용과 방법 = 3
• Ⅱ. 淨土三部經에 나타나는 極樂九品 = 5
• 1. 無量壽經 = 6
• 2. 觀無量壽經 = 7
• 3. 阿彌陀經 = 15
• Ⅲ. 極樂九品圖像의 成立 = 18
• 1. 高麗時代 觀經變相圖 = 19
• 2. 朝鮮前期 觀經變相圖 = 24
• 3. 往生捷徑圖 = 31
• 4. 朝鮮後期 觀經變相圖 = 34
• Ⅳ. 朝鮮後期 極樂九品圖의 形式 및 圖像 分析 = 43
• 1. 1형식 極樂九品圖 = 44
• 2. 1-1형식 極樂九品圖 = 55
• 3. 1-2형식 極樂九品圖 = 61
• 4. 2형식 極樂九品圖 = 68
• Ⅴ. 朝鮮後期 極樂九品圖의 樣式的 特徵 = 83
• Ⅵ. 맺음말 = 97
• 圖表目錄 = 100
• 附錄 = 101
• 附錄 : 畵記 = 102
• 參考文獻 = 113
• 【ABSTRACT】 = 119
• 圖版目錄 = 122