한국설화에 나타난 山神의 성격 연구 = A Study on the Character of Mountain-God in Korean Folktales

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study is to examine the introduction of Mountain-God with ideal and historical backgrounds. And this study tried to research on Mountain-God's character and relationship between historical figures and Mountain-God in folktales. Moreover, this study tried to carry out comprehensive survey on Mountain-God's character in korean folktales, which had not been surveyed fully before, especially in Hankuk Kubimunhak Deagye(The Great Collection of Korean Oral Tradition Literature).
In chapter II, as the forming background of Mountain-God folktales, ideal and historical backgrounds was examined. In ideal background, the main contents of those were Animism, Shamanism and Totemism. The religious services for Mountain-God as historical background had various aspects. The examples could be divided into three types, which were the services for divine protection and search of happiness, the service for curing diseases, and the services for agriculture--pray for rain, for good weather and for customs.
In chapter III, Mountain-God's character in folktales was surveyed by each type concerned about origin, achievement, salvation, trial, reprimand, and relation. Not only the character as a human being was grasped through man and woman, but also the character as an animal was grasped through bear and tiger. In 62 volumes of 123 volumes, Mountain-God was represented as male figure. Most of male figure in those volumes were aged people but sometimes, Mountain-God was presented as young man or particularly, children. For occupation, most of them had no special job. But in some parts, they were presented as geomancer, slat seller and monk. In volume 2, Mountain-God were presented as the person with disease, leper.
On the other hand, in volume 20, Mountain-God was represented as female figure. For example, there were hostess, pretty wife, young woman, maiden and lady. Particularly, in some cases, Mountain-God was presented as female children. Or Mountain-God was presented as fairy, goddess and Mountain-Goddess whose names showed the direct relation with Mountain-God. Specially, these folktales emphasized that female figures were beautiful except aged woman. Though the standard of beauty was not suggested exactly, these folktales showed that female figures were "smallish and pretty" and "a beauty" which reflected narrators' view of woman.
In the total 10 volumes, Mountain-God was represented as tiger. Tiger of dignity took part in reprimanding men of immoral. Also, tiger helped poor people be rich to do good deeds and carried faithful son and daughter-in-law or virtuous woman at mountain. Sometimes, tiger saved hero from danger of death.
In the consciousness structure of the folktales, humanism, gratitude, filial and virtuous devotion, loyalty, divination by configuration was grasped as Mountain-God's characters. A view of man in folktales of Mountain-God was not aggressive and not active.
In chapter IV, the relation between folktales of Mountain-God and historical figures was surveyed. These content were divided into two parts, which were the relation between Mountain-God and kings, and the relation between Mountain-God and heros. For relation with king, examples were the first king of Chosun Dynasty, Lee Seong Kye, Danjong, and Sookjong. In part of relation with hero, examples were Choi Myung Gil and Bak Moon Soo. In the case of Danjong, who were killed by Sejo, concerning his unjust death, he was defied and was recorded in folktales though he was a real person in history. All of them didn't show the abilities of Mountain-God clearly. Nevertheless they reflected the idea that dead people could become Mountain-God as some folktales presented.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• ABSTRACT = iii
• I. 서론 = 1
• 1. 연구목적 = 1
• 2. 연구사 검토 및 연구 방법 = 3
• II. 산실설화의 형성 배경 = 7
• 1. 사상적 배경 = 7
• 1) 애니미즘 = 7
• 2) 샤머니즘 = 9
• 3) 토테미즘 = 11
• 2. 역사적 배경 = 13
• 1) 고대사회의 산신 = 14
• 2) 통일신라의 산신 = 20
• 3) 고려의 산신 = 21
• 4) 조선의 산신 = 25
• III. 산신설화에 나타난 산신의 성격 = 30
• 1. 역할 유형으로 본 산신의 성격 = 30
• 1) 유래형(由來型) 산신설화 = 31
• 2) 성취형(成就型) 산신설화 = 35
• 3) 구원형(救援型) 산신설화 = 52
• 4) 시험형(試驗型) 산신설화 = 63
• 5) 징치형(懲治型) 산신설화 = 65
• 6) 유대형(紐帶型) 산신설화 = 69
• 2. 인물형상으로 본 산신의 성격 = 70
• 1) 인격신 = 71
• 2) 동물신 = 75
• 3. 사고작용을 통해 본 산신의 성격 = 82
• 1) 인본사상 = 82
• 2) 보은사상 = 83
• 3) 효·열사상 = 85
• 4) 호국사상 = 86
• 5) 풍수사상 = 87
• IV. 산신설화와 역사적 인물과의 관련성 = 90
• 1. 군왕과 사신과의 관계 = 91
• 1) 태조 이성계와 산신 = 91
• 2) 단종대왕과 산신 = 97
• 3) 숙종대왕과 산신 = 101
• 2. 영웅과 산신과의 관계 = 106
• 1) 최명길과 산신 = 107
• 2) 박문수와 산신 = 110
• 3. 역사적 인물의 상징성 = 115
• V. 결론 = 119
• * 참고문헌 = 123
• 부록 1. <한국구비문학대계 소재 산신설화 목록> = 127
• 부록 2. <설화에 나타난 산신의 특징 분류표> = 132