과제수행에서의 유아의 혼잣말과 또래의 역할

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The Purpose of this study was to investigate the relation among cognitive level, private speech and task performance of young children and to examine peer role with relation to private speech in social context of peer collaboration.
To achieve the purpose of this study, 4 specific questions are presented :
1) Are there any significant differences between the experts and the novices in private speech utterances?
2) Is there any correlation between quantity of private speech and improvement of task performance?
3) Can peer collaboration affect private speech and task performance?
4) What are the characteristics of peer collaboration in expert-novice group, and how do these characteristics affect young children's private speech?
Participants were 40 young children of 5 years of age selected from the pretest to assess their ability to copy a police car Lego model ;
twenty experts (copying with accuracy at least 70%) and twenty novices (copying with accuracy less than or equal to 30%) were indentified. After this individual pretest, 10 experts and 10 novices were randomly selected and assigned to the Alone condition. The remaining children were paired to form 10 novice-expert same gender pairs. During the second and third sessions, singleton and pairs copied a fire engine Lego model that consisted of the same structural similarities to the pretest Lego model. After these sessions, children received an individual posttest in which they were asked to copy the pretest Lego model. Each of the four sessions lasted 15 minutes, and all sessions were videotaped and recorded. Young children's task performance and utterances were computed from the videotapes and tape-recorder by the given scoring standard of this study. In order to resolve the questions 1), 2), and 3), one or two way analysis of variance with nested factors and Pearson's correlation were computed, and to examine the question 4), discourse anlaysis was used.
The findings of this study were as follows.
1) Experts produced more private speech than novices. While the frequency of novices' private speech remained unchanged, that of experts' private speech reduced over the sessions.
2) Positive correlations between private speech and immediate task performance were apparent, but it was not so for the subsequent task performance
3) Novices who worked with experts produced more self-regulatory private speech than those who worked alone, but the former didn't show more significant improvement of task performance than the latter.
4) In the characteristics of peer collaboration with relation to the social origins of private speech, experts' social speech affected novices' use of private speech regulating their problem solving. Also the social context of peer collaboration increased both social and private speech of young children.
Consequently it is concluded that young children's private speech has self-regulatory function for the task performance, and peer takes a role both as a other regulator for another's problem solving and as a social context generating another's private speech.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• I. 서론 = 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성과 목적 = 1
• 2. 용어정의 = 7
• II. 이론적 배경
• 1. 혼잣말의 개념 = 8
• 2. Vygotsky의 혼잣말에 관한 이론 = 10
• 3. 혼잣말의 자기조절기능과 과제수행과의 관계 = 14
• 1) Vygotsky의 자기조절이론에서의 혼잣말
• 2) 자기조절의 도구로서 혼잣말과 과제수행과의 관계
• 4. 또래가 유아의 혼잣말에 미치는 영향 = 20
• 1) 사회적 상황으로서의 또래
• 2) 조절자로서의 또래
• III. 연구문제 및 가설 = 26
• IV. 연구방법
• 1. 연구대상 = 34
• 2. 연구설계 = 35
• 3. 연구도구 = 36
• 4. 연구절차 = 42
• 5. 자료처리 및 통계적 분석방법 = 47
• V. 결과 및 해석 = 48
• VI. 논의 및 결론
• 1. 요약 = 77
• 2. 논의 및 결론 = 79
• 3. 제언 = 84
• 참고문헌 = 86
• ABSTRACT = 96
• 부록 = 99

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