분노의 다차원적 특성과 신체 건강간의 관계 = (The) Relations between Multidimensional Aspects of Anger and Physical Symptoms

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Anger has been regarded as the most basic and representative human emotions. It has also been associated with diverse diseases, including cardiovascular disease. Considering the fact that anger is most likely ensued in interpersonal context such as conflictive relationship among people, the majority of previous studies have paid little attention on this interpersonal context in their studies. For example, with few exceptions (e.g., Chon, 1999), there has been little attempt to conduct research in the relations between anger expression and ill health, with a more specified classification of target of anger. Thus the present study was designed to explore the relations between multidimensional aspects of anger and ill health, In addition, whether health behaviors, such as smoking or drinking, are associated with trait anger, and/or ill health were explored. Especially, in view of the fact that Korea has been deeply influenced by collectivism, emphasizing hierarchical structure say, by age, the focus was made on the relations between anger expression for different targets (i e., senior and junior) and ill health.
A questionnaire composed of multidimensional aspects of anger (e.g., trait anger, anger-in, anger-out, anger-control, frequency, intensity, duration), health behaviors, physical symptoms, and social desirability were administered to 440 college students. Before proceeding further, reliabilities and validities of scales were examined, and only reliable and valid items and scales were utilized in further analyses, in which t-test, correlational analyses, and regression analyses were performed among others.
The major findings in the present study Included: (1) As predicted, anger-out was less frequently expressed towards senior than Junior, whereas anger-in and anger-control were more frequently expressed towards senior than junior; (2) There were no significant differences by gender in aspects of anger (i.e., trait anger, anger expression, frequency, intensity, and duration); however, there were gender differences in some of physical symptoms (e.g., digestive symptoms, headache); (3) Trait anger was associated with higher level of anger-in and anger-out, but lower level of anger-control; in addition, trait anger was associated with more physical symptoms; (4) When a serious of t-test were performed for anger expression toward senior vs. anger expression toward junior on physical symptoms, the higher anger-in group compared to the lower anger-in group revealed physical symptoms towards both senior and junior targets. In contrast, the higher anger-out group compared to the lower anger-out group revealed physical symptoms only towards senior target. Meanwhile, the higher anger-control group compared to the lower anger-control group revealed no physical symptoms towards both senior and junior targets. (5) When a regression analysis was performed, anger-in towards senior, frequency of anger, and duration of anger were shown to be significant predictors on physical symptoms. (6) With respect to health behaviors, the frequency of alcohol consumption was significantly associated with trait anger.
The present findings were discussed with previous studies, and the limitations and implications for future studies are suggested.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• 1. 연구의 의의 = 1
• 2. 연구의 목적 및 가설 = 3
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 = 6
• 1. 분노, 적개심, 공격성의 개념 = 6
• 2. 분노와 신체병리 = 8
• 3. 분노 및 적개심과 신체 건강에 관한 모형 = 11
• 1) 정신생리학적 반응성 모형 = 11
• 2) 심리사회적 취약성 모형 = 12
• 3) 상호교섭 모형 = 12
• 4) 건강-행동 모형 = 13
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 = 15
• 1. 조사대상 = 15
• 2. 조사방법 = 15
• 3. 연구도구 = 15
• 1) 특성분노 = 15
• 2) 분노표현 = 16
• 3) 기타 분노경험 = 17
• 4) 건강관련 행동 = 17
• 5) 신체 건강 = 18
• 6) 사회적 바람직성 척도 = 18
• 4. 분석방법 = 18
• Ⅳ. 결과 = 20
• 1. 손윗사람과 손아랫사람에 대한 분노표현 양식의 차이 = 20
• 2. 성별에 따른 분노경험, 분노표현 양식 및 신체증상의 차이 = 21
• 3. 특성분노 수준에 따른 분노경험, 분노표현 양식 및 신체증상의 차이 = 22
• 4. 분노표현 양식에 따른 신체증상의 차이 = 25
• 5. 신체증상에 대한 회귀분석 = 29
• 6. 특성분노와 건강관련 행동과의 상관 = 30
• 7. 건강관련 행동과 신체증상간의 상관 = 31
• Ⅴ. 결론 및 논의 = 33
• 참고문헌 = 38
• 영문초록 = 47
• 부록 Ⅰ. 기타 분노경험 질문지 = 49
• 부록 Ⅱ. 건강관련 행동 질문지 = 50
• 부록 Ⅲ. 신체증상 척도 = 51
• 부록 Ⅳ. 사회적 바람직성 척도 = 52