노인의 건강행위 및 관련 요인 : 성별 차이를 중심으로 = Health behavior of the elderly and related factors : gender-based analysis

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Health promotion is more important than the treatment of illness for elderly people and health promotion can be facilitated by adopting healthy behaviors. Unfortunately, previous studies concerning elderly people did not take into account the influence of gender on health behavior.
Therefore, this study examined the differences of health behavior and related factor in the elderly, in order to clarify the influence of gender. The results of this study can help us to obtain a better understanding of health behavior and to develop a health promotion program for the elderly, which takes gender differences into account.
This study utilized the data from the city of Suwon's health survey of the elderly in 2001. The data consisted of a random sample of 979 (388 males, 591 females) elderly people aged over 65. The data was analyzed using SAS version 8.1. The analytic methods used to study the simple relationship between gender and health behavior were cross table, chi-square, Mantel-Haenszel chi-square and t-test and for the analysis of the determinants of health behavior, simple and multiple logistic analyses were used. The analytic method used for studying the relationship between gender and health behavior was stepwise multiple logistic analysis. The results of this study were as follows.
Firstly, the elderly people's health behaviors which differed by gender.
1. As regards health risk-taking behavior, the frequencies of smoking and drinking were higher in the male than in the female population.
2. In terms of health promotive behavior, the regular exercise rate was higher in the male than in the female population, the eating environment was better in the male than in the female population, while nutritional balancing behavior was better in the female than in the male population.
3. In the realm of health care utilization, the influenza vaccination rate was higher in the female than in the male population, while the health examination rate was higher in the male than in the female population. There were no significant differences between the male and the female populations in terms of visits to the pharmacy or clinic for treatment.
Secondly, the health behavior factors which varied by behavior.
1. The factors that influenced the smoking rate were gender, level of education, previous job and prevalence of cardiovascular disease.
2. The factors that influenced the frequency of drinking were gender, level of education and previous job.
3. The factors that influenced the regular exercise rate were greater in number than those pertaining to other health behaviors. They were gender, level of education, previous job, relationship with friends, relatives and neighbors. functional health status and health self-assessment.
4. The factors that influenced the eating environment were gender, family pattern and health self-assessment.
5. The factors that influenced nutritional balancing behavior were gender and monthly income.
6. The factors that influenced the influenza vaccination rate were gender, emotional support and prevalence of cardiovascular disease.
7. The factors that influenced the health examination rate were monthly income and health self-assessment.
8. The factors that influenced visits to the pharmacy or clinic for treatment were monthly income, prevalence of cardiovascular disease and health self-assessment.
Thirdly, the health behavior factors which differed by gender.
1. The factors that influenced the smoking rate were age and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the male population and level of education, previous job and religion in the female population.
2. The factors that influenced the frequency of drinking were the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the male population and previous job in the female population.
3. The factors that influenced the regular exercise rate were relationship with friends, relatives and neighbors, prevalence of cardiovascular disease and functional health status in the male population and age, level of education, previous job, relationship with friends, relatives and neighbors, functional heath status and health self-assessment in the female population.
4. The factors that influenced the eating environment were family pattern in the male population and family pattern and health self-assessment in the female population.
5. The factor that influenced the nutritional balancing behavior was monthly income in both the male and female populations.
6. The factors that influenced the influenza vaccination rate were relationship with friends, relatives and neighbors in the male population and emotional support and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the female population.
7. The factors that influenced the health examination rate were age, the prevalence of cardiovascular disease and health self-assessment in the male population and the prevalence of cardiovascular disease in the female population.
8. The factors that influenced visits to the pharmacy or clinic for treatment were emotional support, status of religious and cultural activity, prevalence of cardiovascular disease and health self-assessment in the male population and prevalence of cardiovascular disease and health self-assessment in the female population.
Based on these findings, I propose the following health promotion policies for the elderly.
Firstly, the health behavior of the elderly and related factors differed according to gender. Thus a health promotion program that dose not take this into account can only serve to deepen the effect of gender difference in health behavior. Therefore, program priorities need to be modulated in accordance with these gender differences in health behaviors. Moreover, there need to be different program strategies that reflect the gender differences in health behavior determinants.
Secondly, as revealed by the previous study concerning the variation in health behavior among different social strata in Korea, the health behavior of the less educated and poor elderly people was not good. As the less well-off can't participate in health promotion programs because of economic restrictions and lack of time, program that disregards these factors would only serve to aggravate health inequality. Therefore a health promotion program for the low social strata needs to be developed as soon as possible.
Thirdly, in this study the social support network was found to be the major determinant of elderly people's health behavior. However its importance is not sufficiently appreciated and it is therefore not broadly applied in the area of public health. Since social support network interventions can be planned at the level of the individual, family, organization or community, a health promotion program for the elderly needs to be developed in reference to current social welfare programs as well as to foreign health promotion programs.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• I. 서론 = 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 = 1
• 2. 연구의 목적 = 2
• 3. 이론적 고찰 = 3
• 1) 노인의 건강행위 = 3
• 2) 성과 건강 = 7
• II. 연구 방법 = 14
• 1. 분석 틀 = 14
• 2. 연구변수 = 17
• 1) 종속변수 = 17
• 2) 독립변수 = 18
• (1) 사회경제적 특성 = 18
• (2) 사회적지지망 특성 = 18
• (3) 건강상태 = 18
• 3. 연구자료 = 21
• 4. 분석방법 = 22
• III. 연구 결과 = 24
• 1. 조사대상자의 특성 = 24
• 1) 사회경제적 특성 = 24
• 2) 사회적지지망 특성 = 27
• 3) 건강상태 = 28
• (1) 만성질환 유병상태 = 28
• (2) 기능적 건강상태 = 30
• (3) 주관적 건강평가 = 31
• 2. 노인 건강행위의 성별 차이 = 32
• 1) 건강위험행위 = 32
• 2) 건강증진행위 = 34
• 3) 의료이용행위 = 36
• 3. 노인의 건강행위 관련요인 = 37
• 1) 건강위험행위 = 38
• 2) 건강증진행위 = 42
• 3) 의료이용행위 = 49
• 4. 노인건강행위 관련 요인의 성별 차이 = 56
• 1) 건강위험행위 = 57
• 2) 건강증진행위 = 60
• 3) 의료이용행위 = 64
• IV. 고찰 = 68
• 1. 건강행위의 성별 차이 = 68
• 1) 노인의 건강행위 수준 = 68
• 2) 건강위험행위 = 69
• 3) 건강증진행위 = 70
• 4) 의료이용행위 = 71
• 2. 노인의 건강행위 관련 요인 = 72
• 1) 건강위험행위 = 72
• 2) 건강증진행위 = 73
• 3) 의료이용행위 = 74
• 3. 노인 건강행위 관련 요인의 남녀별 차이 = 75
• 1) 건강위험행위 = 75
• 2) 건강증진행위 = 76
• 3) 의료이용행위 = 76
• 4. 연구의 제한점 = 79
• V. 결론 = 80
• 참고 문헌 = 84
• ABSTRCT = 97
• 부록 = 103