@@The development of medicin in Shilla Dynasty has significant relationship with the prosperity of its society, especially with growth of royal authority. The lack of development in non-government made people who were politically in charge to manage t...
@@The development of medicin in Shilla Dynasty has significant relationship with the prosperity of its society, especially with growth of royal authority. The lack of development in non-government made people who were politically in charge to manage the Shillas medical science. During the 5th and middle of 7th century there was enormous growth in medical science in Shilla Dynasty, and it was marked as an epoch in not only Shilla but also in entire Korean history.
First, it is ensured that Shillas own traditional medical system was certified by Kimmou(金武) and the prescription of Shillas Jinmyung(新羅國鎭明方). Pajinchan(波珍 ) Kimmou who was a physician as well as an aristocrat in Shilla, is recorded in {Kojiki(古事記)} and {Nipponjiki(日本書紀)}. They described that he had found way to heal Japanese Emperor Inkyo(允恭帝, reign of 412-453)s chronic leg diseases. Kimmou is identical character to Kim Mou-Al(金武謁) in {Samkukyusa(三國遺事)} and his fact again helps us to confirm the significant process on history of medicine in Shilla Dynasty.
Moreover, the prescription of Shillas Jinmyung from {Taidongyuchuifang(大同類聚方)}, Japanese medical book, which was written in the beginning of 9th century shows the process of development in medication from Han(漢) to Wei(魏) and Chin(晉) china. This implies that Shilla was indirectly influenced by China through the Kory (高麗)s medical science.
However, Jinmyungfang(鎭明方) is Shillas own method of prescription by looking at the mixture and combination of medication, and as well as the period of Shilla, the era which was impossible to interchange directly with China during beginning of the 5th century. The traditional medical manner that dramatically appears around the 8th century, is reflected the traditional medical system in Shilla, which meaningfully occurred around the 5th century. Therefore, it again tells us that 5th century is one of the most important periods for medical development for Shilla Dynasty.
The second period starts with King Muyol(武烈王). It seems that the direction of Shillas medical science was set up after King Muyol, experienced developed medicine of Tang china. The unification war, which was led by King Muyol and his descendant(武烈系) is very important as background of the development of medicine in an absolute monarchy (專制王權) during 7 century.
This war was joined by Shilla(新羅), Kogury (高句麗) and Packje(百濟) in Korean Penisular, and Tang(唐) china with the soldiers of Turk(突厥), Uigur(回紇), Malgal(靺鞨) that were under the control of Tang, and Japan. It was one of the biggest wars in Eastern Asia history, and is considered as an Eastern Asian version of the World war. The battles usually were performed on the Korean peninsula. Enormous foreign soldiers arrived in Korean peninsula, and upon this opportunity, new epidemic appeared in Shillas society. This caused the incensement of medical suppliment.
Shilla got to experience the urbanized medical science of Tang china while they perform the military service as Allied Forces of Shilla and Tang. At the same time, they get to know about the systems of medical science and medical procedures as well while they served the demands of Tang military.
Shilla never experienced these epidemics before. These widespread diseases encouraged Shilla to recognize the significance of medical care. This leads the massive incensement of medical systems after Shilla made conquest of Korean peninsula. One of the most substantial and rapid growths of medical science of Shilla occurred while it was under the war; it was deriving force behind development in Shillas medical science.
After the war, Shillas medical institute for student, Ui-Hak(醫學), had been established. This important establishment helps us to see the significance of Korean medical science, which are, training intellectuals under the governments control, centralizing a term of medical science by selecting the appropriate courses, and most importantly, supplying the certified public institutions to intellectuals. It completely changed the old fashioned recognition that civilians of Shilla used to have towards medical science by unifying, focusing on {Naijing(內經)} and {Nanjing(難經)} from China. This is distinctively different from mid-ancient medical where shaman medicine(巫醫) and monk medicine(僧醫) were the main physicians. In other words, by the mid-era(中代), various recognitions towards the universe and human being were arranged under the governments control.
The Shillas medicine doctors who considered as special intellectual organization were mostly official doctors that government trained. The government try to control the civilians by mediating the medical service and this typical character of mid-era medical systems.
The characteristic of mid century medical system is that, it was formed in order to actualize patriarchal and virtural kingship(家父長的 王道) ideology. To accomplish this purpose, first, government monopolizes intellectuals under their power. Second, King controls civilians and nobility by mediating the medical service. Finally, the governing class-centered medical systems. These policies were settle by King Muyul and his precedents around the end of 7th century and 8th century. The mid-era of Shilla(新羅中代) is one of the most important periods because the foundations of medical systems were settled, and they were organized by king centered absolute monarchy.