학령기 아동의 직업적 포부의 발달 = (The) Development of Vocational Aspirations in Grade School Children

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

This study aimed to examine the trend of career development by analyzing vocational aspirations of grade school children using the qualitative(content analysis) and quantitative approaches(statistical analysis). The objectives of the study were to investigate the developmental patterns of the nature of vocational aspirations, the vocational knowledge on them, and the determinants of them during childhood.
Participants in this study consisted of 502 grade school students(grades 1 to 6) in Pusan, Korea. The students from grades 1 and 2 were administered both interviews and composition assignments on their vocational aspirations, while grades 3 to 6 were given both questionnaires and composition assignments on them. All of the students´ responses from interviews, questionnaires, and compositions regarding their vocational aspirations were put under content analysis before being further sub-categorized or coded to e summarized for statistical analysis.
The results of this study were as follows:
First, the higher the grade, the more specific and diverse the vocational aspirations became, the more preference for professionals, and the more preference for I(investigative) and A(artistic) types. Boys showed more diverse their vocational aspirations than girls, and stronger inclination for R(realistic) and I(investigative) types. Girls demonstrated stronger inclination toward professionals, and more preference for S(social) and A(artistic) types.
Second, children´s vocational knowledge on duties, required education, and vocational preparation of their vocational aspirations was investigated. Lower grades showed a lack of perception of the vocational knowledge, while higher grades showed an increased understanding of professional terminology and descriptions. The higher the grade, the more accurate the description of duties, the more specific educational or training institutions and vocational preparation, and the more influence by media. Girls accurately described duties and vocational preparation. Boys seemed to be more influenced by media, while girls were more influenced by significant others, including their parents.
Third, an examination of the determinants of vocational aspirations revealed a few characteristics: egocentricity, development of vocational self-concept, and job-orientedness. Typical determinants for vocational preferences were categorized into ability, interest, sex-stereotype, reputation, altruism, family influence, the nature of occupation(stability, ease) and egocentric views. As grades went up, ability, interest and gender-stereotype had more influence while altruism and egocentric views had less influence in determining the preference for an occupation. On the other hand, when the grades went up, the non-preference of an occupation was influenced by ability, interest, gender-stereotype and the nature of the occupation while the egocentric view played a lesser role.
These results suggested some implications for career education in the elementary school. First, career education in the elementary school should provide a lot of opportunities to stimulate career exploration by eliminating unnecessary sex-typing of occupations or restricted views of available educational or occupational possibilities. Second, career education programs in the elementary school should emphasize positive attitudes toward self and occupations, and systematic provision of vocational knowledge and skills in consideration of the changing developmental characteristics of grade school children.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 = 1
• 2. 연구문제 = 7
• 3. 용어의 정의 = 8
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 = 9
• 1. 아동의 진로발달에 관한 이론 = 9
• 1) Ginzberg의 진로발달이론 = 10
• 2) Super의 진로발달이론 = 12
• 2. Gottfredson의 직업적 포부의 발달모형 = 16
• 1) 직업적 포부의 개념 = 16
• 2) Gottfredson의 직업적 포부의 발달모형 = 19
• 3. 아동의 직업적 포부에 관한 선행연구 = 25
• 1) 직업적 포부와 성 유형화 = 25
• 2) 직업적 포부와 사회적 명성 = 29
• 3) 아동의 직업적 포부와 부모와의 관계 = 31
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 = 34
• 1. 연구개요 = 34
• 2. 연구대상 = 35
• 3. 자료수집 = 38
• 4. 자료처리 및 분석 방법 = 42
• Ⅳ. 결과 및 논의 = 52
• 1. 직업적 포부의 내용 = 52
• 1) 직업적 포부의 종류 = 53
• 2) 직업적 포부의 속성 = 60
• 3) 직업적 포부의 성취에 대한 확신의 정도 = 70
• 2. 직업적 포부에 관한 지식 = 72
• 1) 직무에 대한 지식 = 72
• 2) 교육 수준에 대한 지식 = 78
• 3) 준비 행동에 대한 지식 = 82
• 4) 직업적 포부에 대한 지식의 원천 = 88
• 3. 직업적 포부의 선택 이유 = 91
• 1) 직업적 포부의 선택 이유 = 91
• 2) 직업적 선호/비선호의 선택 이유 = 101
• Ⅴ. 종합논의 = 114
• 1. 요약 및 결론 = 114
• 2. 시사점 및 제언 = 119
• 참고문헌 = 122
• 부록 = 140
• ABSTRACT = 179