형식논리학적 모순과 변증법적 모순의 관계에 관한 연구 : 헤겔「논리학」에 나타난 모순 개념을 중심으로 = (A) Study on the relation of formal logical contradiction and dialektical contradiction

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

Hegel´s philosophy is the thought of opposition and contradiction which is the most important thought, in his logic and ontology. But Hegel´s thought of opposition and contradiction is highly controversial. Because many critics think his logical thinking system is opposed to ´the law of contradiction´ approved as an ´absolute law of thinking´ in traditional formal logic. In fact, as formal logic insists, he explains in his logic that the contradiction, is not a subjective fallacy coming from the simple thought but ´the origin of life and activity´ existing in all the concretes.
This paper will deal with following questions:
1) Is the contradiction a subjective fallacy limited in thinking area or does it have objectivity and reality in all the areas of being and thinking?
2) How is the logical contradiction related to the dialectical contradiction?
According to Aristotle, the law of contradiction is defined as ˝it is impossible for the same thing both to belong and not to belong to something at the same time˝. This indicates that it´s impossible to affirm and deny the same object at the same time. And this is understood not only as logical thinking law but also as law of being. In Aristotle´s case, the law of contradiction is applied to the area of essential being. But thinking and being can not accept contradiction.
On the contrary, Kant define the law of contradiction as ˝a predicate belongs to nothing that it contradicts˝. This means that the law of contradiction is an absolute law of thinking. But, in fact, it has a different implication. Because Kant doesn´t presuppose the agreement or correspondence between concept and object. Therefore Kant doesn´t accept the law of contradiction as a ´law of being´. Contradiction is also dealt with subjective fallacy of thinking which happens in ´logical opposition´.
Modern logic explains the law of logic as the relation between propositions, criticizing the view of notion in traditional logic. Therefore the theme of formal logic turns out to be the conjunctive relation logic. Therefore the theme of formal logic turns out to be the conjunctive relation between concepts. As a result of that, modern logic does not treat the content of thought and empirical fact depend on the science excluding logic. Therefore formal logic elucidates the depend on the science excluding logic. Therefore formal logic elucidates the logical nature of synthetic proposition from it. Eventually in the position of formal logic, contradiction is not possible in a real world but it is just a subjective fallacy coming from the thought.
On the other hand, Hegel understands contradiction is not only existence in thing itself but also is the root of all movement and vitality. In the law of contradiction, ´concrete identity(subject-A) can not be abstract identity(predicate-A), and it can not be stayed in the only difference(not-A).´ For Hegel, contradiction and dialectic is the basic principle of understanding of the real feature of thing.
From this point of view, it seems that dialectical contradiction and logical contradiction have different nature and they are compatible in their areas. That is ti say, logical contradiction can be understood as s subjective fallacy of thought based on abstract principle which exists in real world.
In the perspective subjective principle which exists in real world.
In the perspective subject, the law of contradiction in formal logic sees world in the viewpoint of relative rest and fixation, whereas dialectical contradiction sees world on the viewpoint of changing, motion, and development.
Consequently when we explore this on the epistemological point of view, the former sees object on the same viewpoint and the latter sees object on the other viewpoint, therefore they are reasonably compatible.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 목차
• Ⅰ. 서론 = 1
• Ⅱ. 형식논리학의 원리와 모순에 관한 전통적 견해 = 5
• 1. 형식논리학의 근본원리(동일률·모순율·배중률) = 5
• 2. 논리의 원리에 대한 아리스토텔레스의 견해 = 7
• 3. 논리적 모순에 관한 칸트의 견해 = 12
• 1) 모순율에 대한 칸트의 견해 = 12
• 2) 칸트에서의 대립과 모순 = 15
• 4. 논리적 모순과 원리에 대한 현대적 견해 = 17
• Ⅲ. 형식논리학의 원리(사유법칙)에 관한 헤겔의 견해 = 22
• 1.『대논리학』과『소논리학』에서의 형식논리적 원리에 대한 분석 = 22
• 1) 동일률에 대한 분석 = 22
• 2) 모순율에 대한 분석 = 26
• 3) 배중률에 대한 분석 = 28
• 2. 헤겔의 형식논리학적 사유법칙의 분석에 나타난 특징 = 29
• 1) 형식논리학의 추상적·형식성 비판 = 29
• 2) 헤겔이 이해하는 형식논리적 원리들 = 32
• Ⅳ. 헤겔 철학에서 ‘대립’과 ‘모순’ = 37
• 1. 모순의 존재론적 성격에 대한 헤겔 이전의 견해 = 37
• 2.『논리학의 반성규정』에서 전개되는 대립과 모순 = 40
• 1) 동일성과 구별 = 41
• 2) 대립 = 42
• 3) 모순 = 45
• 3. 모순 그 자체로서의 운동 = 51
• 1) 모순의 객관성으로서의 운동 = 51
• 2) 제논의 역리에 대한 헤겔의 분석 = 54
• Ⅴ. 논리적 모순과 변증법적 모순의 관계 = 58
• 1. 변증법적 모순 = 58
• 2. 논리적 모순과 변증법적 모순의 양립 가능성 = 62
• 1) ‘논리 외(外)의 전제’에 대한 차이 = 62
• 2) 대립물의 통일로서의 변증법적 모순 = 66
• 3. 전통적 형식논리와 변증법적 논리의 공통성과 차별성 = 68
• 1) 존재의 논리로서의 공통성 = 68
• 2) 내용의 논리로서의 차별성 = 70
• Ⅵ. 결론 = 73
• 참고문헌 = 78
• Abstract = 81