變革的 리더십과 부하의 革新意識이 組織市民行動에 미치는 影響

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 리더십 과정에서 발휘되는 부하들의 영향력을 알아보고, 또 리더/부하 관계가 그 과정에서 어떤 기능을 할 수 있는지 확인해 보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 리더차원에서 변혁적 리더십을, 부하차원에서 부하의 혁신의식을 독립변인으로 설정하였으며, 조직시민행동(OCB)을 종속변인으로 하여 그 관계를 살펴보고자 하였다. 그리고 독립변인과 종속변인을 매개할 수 있는 변인으로 리더/부하 교류관계(LMX)를 투입하여 그 매개효과를 확인하고자 하였다. 이같은 연구목적을 위해 다음과 같은 연구문제와 가설을 설정하였다.
연구문제 Ⅰ. 변혁적 리더십과 OCB․LMX와의 관계는 어떠한가?
Ⅰ-1. 변혁적 리더십과 그 하위요인들이 OCB․LMX에 미치는 영향은 어떠한가?
Ⅰ-2. 변혁적 리더십 하위요인들 각각에 따른 효과의 차이는 어떠한가?
연구문제 Ⅱ. 변혁적 리더십과 OCB․LMX의 관계에 혁신의식이 미치는 영향은 어떠한가?
가설 1. 부하의 혁신의식 정도가 높을수록 변혁적 리더십이 OCB에 미치는 영 향은 증가할 것이다.
가설 2. 부하의 혁신의식 정도가 높을수록 변혁적 리더십이 LMX에 미치는 영 향은 증가할 것이다.
연구문제 Ⅲ. 변혁적 리더십과 OCB의 관계에 LMX가 미치는 영향은 어떠한가?
가설 3. 변혁적 리더십과 OCB의 관계에 LMX가 매개변인으로 작용할 것이다.
위의 연구문제 및 가설을 검증하기 위해, 선행연구들에서 제시된 측정도구를 그대로 사용하거나 일부 수정하여 사용하였다. 변혁적 리더십의 측정을 위한 도구로는 Bass가 개발한 MLQ를 일부 수정․보완하여 사용하였으며, 부하들의 혁신의식을 측정하기 위하여 Ettlie와 O'Keefe의 혁신의식 척도를 사용하였고, 리더/부하 교류관계를 측정하기 위해 Graen과 Uhl-Bien이 제시한 LMX-7에 근거하여 Basu의 연구에서 의미있는 것으로 밝혀진 1개 문항을 추가하여 사용하였다. 그리고 조직시민행동의 측정은 Organ이 제시한 조직시민행동척도를 사용하였다.
본 연구의 피험자는 국내 대기업에 근무하는 대리 이하의 사원들로서, 각 기업들은 국내 기업 순위에서 50위 이내에 포함된 기업들 중에서 7개 기업이 선정되었고, 이 기업들에서 총 140명의 대리 및 사원들로부터 얻어진 자료를 분석에 사용하였다.
자료의 처리는, 각 변인들간의 관계를 알아보기 위해 이들 변인간의 상관관계 분석을 하였으며, 부하의 혁신의식이 변혁적 리더십과 OCB의 관계에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위해 변량분석을 실시하였고, LMX의 매개효과를 검증하기 위해 공변량분석과 위계적 중다회귀분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과는 다음과 같다.
첫째, 변혁적 리더십 및 그 하위요인들과 LMX, OCB와의 상관분석에서 모두 유의한 관계를 보여주었다.
둘째, 변혁적 리더십의 하위요인들 각각의 수준에 따른 OCB와의 변량분석에서 유의한 상호작용 효과가 관찰되었다. 즉, 개인적배려가 높을수록 카리스마나 지적자극이 OCB에 미치는 영향이 증대되는 것으로 나타났다.
셋째, 변혁적 리더십의 하위요인들 각각의 수준에 따른 LMX와의 변량분석에서도 유의한 상호작용 효과가 관찰되었다. 즉, 개인적배려가 높을수록 카리스마가 OCB에 미치는 영향이 증대되는 것으로 나타났다.
넷째, 변혁적 리더십이 OCB에 미치는 영향 관계에서 부하의 혁신의식이 상호작용 효과를 일으키는 것으로 확인되었다. 즉, 부하의 혁신의식이 높을수록 변혁적 리더십이 OCB에 미치는 영향이 증가하였다.
다섯째, 변혁적 리더십이 LMX에 미치는 영향 관계에서도 부하의 혁신의식이 상호작용 효과를 일으키는 것으로 확인되었다. 즉, 부하의 혁신의식이 높을수록 변혁적 리더십이 LMX에 미치는 영향이 증가하였다.
여섯째, LMX의 매개효과를 알아보기 위해 공변량분석과 위계적 중다회귀분석을 실시한 결과, LMX가 변혁적 리더십과 OCB의 관계에 매개변인으로 작용한다는 결과를 확인하였다.
이상과 같은 결과에 의해, 본 연구에서 설정된 가설 1, 가설 2, 가설 3은 모두 지지되는 것으로 확인되었다.

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