高麗 恭愍王代의 改革과 그 性格에 관한 硏究 = (A) Study on a Reform and its Character of King Kong Min's era in Koryo Dynasty

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

There were three large problems to solve in the era of king Kong Min, Koryo dynasty. Firstly, one of them was to be free from foreign force, Won's intervention and to get over the independence of Koryo. Won's intervention made Koryo not only dispirited among international society but also limping from the political, economical, and military point of view for one century.
Secondly, it needed to get rid of most accumulated social abuses since soldier government established. Because the soldier government and Won's intervention continued for a long time, confusion of political management, land system and social order had caused royal authority to be strengthened by depending on the power of a foreign country.
Thirdly, it needed to search for a new system that could accommodate a social change. According to the increase of agricultural products, this era needed to arrange the system for land distribution, in the late period of Koryo. It was also the time to make a new political organization that could adapt the various political power. The reform in the era of king Kong Min might have obtained the fruit if king and his subject had (aced and grasped those problems.
The reform in the era of king Kong Min was accomplished four times.
The government played a leading role for carrying out the promulgated authority was strengthened. This was the result of reform.
The function of this office had been restrained by king's attendants for a Considering the problems that king Kong Min's era should solve, and evaluating this era's result of reform, we are able to guess that recovering independence from the intervention of Won seems to have been somehow sieved. This was done not only by the decline of Won, but by the efforts of Koryo to get independence. The efforts of Koryo were the restoration of Ssang Sung thong Kwan Bu (in the era of Koryo, Mongolians invaded the northern part of Korean peninsula and set up this government office), of other lost land and the removal of pro·Won power.
The problem to remove the social abuses as a second problem given to king Kong Min's era after the establishment of soldier government, could get the result of their efforts through several reforms. First of all, the phenomenon of power monopolization like the period of soldier government was swept away. The abuses of close attendents who had strengthened king's power and monopolized his power were removed in the period of Won's intervention. Though the seizure of power by Shin Don led a phenomenon that concentrated authority, but the fact that the execution of royal authority was thoroughly constrained in the period of soldier government, was considerably different from the period of Won's intervention.
A noticeable thing was the reform of administrative system to solve this problem in the era of king Kong Min. The modified government organization to achieve Won's intervention came to return to normal conditions. Though the complete abolition was not accomplished, Koryo tried to remove the role of Jung Bang not to fall into the crippled operation of personnel administration. These efforts seem to greatly contribute to the recovery of normal administration.
The function of Do pyung Ui Sa Sa (a government office, here serious national matters were discussed in the era of Koryo) was recovered, and its reform bills. Some pending issues were solved whenever they were required to settle.
while. But now Do Pyung Ui Sa Sa had recovered its function.
Planing policy, discussing whole administrative af(airs, and executing the supervision over the administrative affairs, Do Pyung Ui Sa Sa could be the central structure of political management.
Retrieving the land which the higher class snatched from the lower class, returning it to its former owner, and letting the execution of the right of tax imposition return to the former conditions were the results of reform in this era. This reform also brought forth the following results ; it strengthened a principle that one piece of land belonged to a former land owner after the second establishment of Jun Min Byun Do Gam (a government office temporarily established for the arrangement of land and slaves) ; it partially solved the problem of a loan at high interest that caused the public welfare problem.
The era of king Kong Min had limits upon some problem which it should have accepted social changes and have established a new system.
According to the development of agricultural products, Koryo had solved only the problem of tax imposition, in spite that it should have reorganized a system for land distribution. And it could not reach to several reforms, in spite that it should have reorganized the structure of social position in the period of soldier government and of Won's intervention. There were only some reforms on military problems ; Koryo reorganized Pal Ul (in the latter part of Koryo, military organization for capital guard) system ; it converted the imposition of military service into the obligatory military service in some degree , it established and enlarged Dun Jeon for ensuring of military supplies.
So it was estimated that there was the new search for military system with the social change.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• 目次
• Ⅰ. 序論 = 1
• Ⅱ. 恭愍王代 改革案 반포의 배경과 그 내용 = 6
• 1. 改革案 頒布의 배경 = 6
• 2. 恭愍王代 改革案의 내용 = 26
• Ⅲ. 行政體制의 改革 = 52
• 1. 恭愍王代 이전 行政體制 문란의 요인 = 52
• 2. 官制改編의 배경과 그 방향 = 58
• 3. 都評議使司 기능의 확립 = 69
• 4. 人事行政의 改革 = 85
• Ⅳ. 恭愍王代의 民生問題와 社會經濟 改革 = 96
• 1. 恭愍王代의 民生問題 = 96
• 2. 田制改革 = 103
• 3. 高利貸 문제의 改革 = 109
• 4. 流離避役의 현상과 그 방지책 = 113
• Ⅴ. 恭愍王代의 軍政改革 = 118
• 1. 改革論者들의 軍政改革에 대한 입장 = 118
• 2. 軍事組織의 정비 = 124
• 3. 軍役賦課方式의 정비 = 134
• 4. 軍需確保策의 수립 = 141
• Ⅵ. 恭愍王代 改革勢力의 성향 = 148
• 1. 改革勢力의 범주 = 148
• 2. 改革勢力의 改革活動 내용 =159
• 3. 恭愍王代 改革勢力의 성향 = 170
• Ⅶ. 結論 = 177
• 參考文獻 = 184
• SUMMARY = 187