미술치료사의 반응작업 경험에 대한 합의적 질적 연구 = A consensual qualitative research on art therapists' experience in response art

국문 초록 (Abstract)

본 연구는 임상 현장에서 활동하고 있는 미술치료사의 반응작업 경험을 살펴보는 것에 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 연구자는 학위 과정 이후 미술치료 전문가로 활동하고 있는 미술치료사 8인을 대상으로 면담을 실시하였다. 면담자료는 합의적 질적 연구 방법으로 분석하여 결과를 도출하였다. 분석 결과 ‘반응작업의 동기’, ‘반응작업을 통한 자기돌봄’, ‘반응작업을 통한 상호작용’, ‘반응작업 실행에서의 현실적 어려움’, ‘반응작업을 통한 치료사의 전문성 향상’으로 총 5개의 영역과 17개의 범주가 도출되었다. 영역에 따른 범주는 다음과 같다.
첫째, 반응작업의 동기는 미술치료사들이 반응작업의 필요성을 인식하게 된 계기와 관련된 영역이며, ‘역전이 관리’, ‘내담자의 작업 촉진’, ‘사례관리’, ‘내담자를 위한 정서적 지지’로 네 개의 범주가 나타났다. 둘째, 반응작업을 통한 자기돌봄은 반응작업에서 내담자뿐만 아니라 치료사인 자신을 돌볼 수 있었던 경험에 대한 영역으로, ‘치료사의 소진관리’, ‘자기성찰’, ‘유희적 경험’, ‘몰입경험’, ‘안정감 경험’으로 다섯 개의 범주로 분류되었다. 셋째, 반응작업을 통한 상호작용은 반응작업이 치료관계에서 어떠한 작용을 하는가에 대한 영역으로 ‘이미지를 통한 효과적인 의사 표현’, ‘치료 내 관계 증진’, ‘치료관계 형성의 기반’으로 세 가지의 범주로 도출되었다. 넷째, 반응작업 실행에서의 현실적 어려움은 ‘과도한 업무로 인한 시간부족’, ‘모호해지는 치료적 경계’로 두 가지의 범주로 분류되었다. 다섯째, 반응작업을 통한 치료사의 전문성 향상은 반응작업을 통해 미술치료사로서 성장한 부분에 대한 영역이며 ‘치료개입에 대한 깨달음’, ‘내담자에 대한 이해 증진’, ‘세션에 대한 통찰’로 세 가지의 범주로 도출되었다.
이러한 결과를 통해 미술치료사는 실질적으로 반응작업의 필요성을 느끼고, 자신의 내담자와 소통하는 수단으로 사용하거나 자신을 돌보기 위해, 전문 미술치료사로 기능하기 위해 반응작업을 활용하고 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. 이 연구는 미술치료사의 고유한 정체성이 담긴 반응작업에서 미술치료사가 어떠한 경험을 하는지에 대해 고찰함으로써 반응작업이 가지는 가치와 중요성을 강조하는 데 의의가 있다.

다국어 초록 (Multilingual Abstract)

The purpose of this study was to investigate art therapists’ response art experiences in clinical practice. To this end, the researcher conducted interviews with eight art therapists who have been working as art therapy experts after the completion of a degree program. Interview data were analyzed through a consensual qualitative research method. As a result, five domains―“motivation of response art,” “self-care through response art,” “interaction through response art,” “Practical difficulties in response art,” and “improvement in the therapist’s expertise through response art”―and 17 associated categories were derived. The categories for each domain are as follows.
First, motivation of response art is related to the occasion when art therapists recognize the necessity of response art, and the four associated categories are as follows: “countertransference management,” “encouraging the client’s artwork,” “case management,” and “emotional support for clients.” Second, self-care through response art is related to the experience of providing care to not only the client but also the therapist himself/herself through response art, and the five associated categories are as follows: “therapist’s burnout management,” “self-reflection,” “playful experience,” “flow experience,” and “experience a sense of stability.” Third, interaction through response art is the domain of how response art works in a therapeutic relationship, and the three associated categories are as follows: “effective expression of opinions through images,” “promoting relationships in therapy,” and “basis for the formation of therapeutic relationships.” Fourth, Practical difficulties in response art’s two associated categories are as follows: “lack of time due to excessive work,” and “blurred therapeutic boundaries.” Fifth, improvement in the therapist’s expertise through response art is related to the art therapist’s development through response art, and the three associated categories are as follows: “understanding of treatment interventions,” “understanding clients better,” and “insights into therapeutic sessions.”
The finding of this study show that art therapists recognize the need for response art in clinical practice and employ it as a means of communicating with their clients, for self-care, and for professional improvement. The significance of this study lies in emphasizing the value and importance of response art by examining the types of experiences art therapists have through the implementation of response art in clinical practice, which shows the unique identity of individual art therapists.

목차 (Table of Contents)

• Ⅰ. 서론 ··························································································1
• 1. 연구의 필요성 및 목적 ······························································1
• 2. 연구문제 ··················································································5
• Ⅱ. 이론적 배경 ···············································································6
• 1. 미술치료사 ···············································································6
• 2. 반응작업 ··················································································7
• 1) 치료 회기 내에서 사용되는 반응작업 ·······································10
• 2) 치료 이후 미술치료사의 자발적인 반응작업 ······························11
• 3) 미술을 기반으로 하는 수퍼비전에서의 반응작업 ························12
• Ⅲ. 연구방법 ····················································································14
• 1. 합의적 질적 연구 ······································································14
• 2. 연구 참여자 ·············································································15
• 3. 윤리적 고려 ·············································································15
• 4. 연구도구 ··················································································16
• 5. 자료수집 ··················································································17
• 6. 평정자 및 감수자 ······································································18
• 7. 연구 절차 ················································································18
• Ⅳ. 연구결과 ····················································································20
• 1. 반응작업의 동기 ·······································································22
• 1) 역전이 관리 ··········································································22
• 2) 내담자의 작업 촉진 ·······························································23
• 3) 사례관리 ···············································································23
• 4) 내담자를 위한 정서적지지 ······················································· 24
• 2. 반응작업을 통한 자기돌봄 ··························································24
• 1) 치료사의 소진관리 ································································25
• 2) 자기성찰 ·············································································26
• 3) 유희적 경험 ·········································································26
• 4) 몰입경험 ·············································································27
• 5) 안정감 경험 ·········································································27
• 3. 반응작업을 통한 상호작용 ··························································28
• 1) 이미지를 통한 효과적인 의사표현 ············································28
• 2) 치료 내 관계 증진 ································································29
• 3) 치료관계 형성의 기반 ···························································30
• 4. 반응작업 실행에서의 현실적 어려움 ············································30
• 1) 과도한 업무로 인한 시간부족 ················································31
• 2) 모호해지는 치료적 경계 ························································32
• 5. 반응작업을 통한 치료사의 전문성 향상 ·······································32
• 1) 치료개입에 대한 깨달음 ························································33
• 2) 내담자에 대한 이해 증진 ······················································33
• 3) 세션에 대한 통찰 ································································34
• Ⅴ. 결론 및 논의 ··············································································35
• 참고 문헌 ························································································40
• Abstract ·························································································45