Suwon City, the target area of this study, is experiencing a student mobilization phenomenon in which the number of students decreases in schools in the old city area due to the impact of the social population movement due to the decrease in the...
Suwon City, the target area of this study, is experiencing a student mobilization phenomenon in which the number of students decreases in schools in the old city area due to the impact of the social population movement due to the decrease in the fertility rate and the development and expansion of the new city area, while housing site development is taking place on a large scale. As the number of students in new towns increases, there is a demand for new and expanded schools. As a result, the problem of inconsistency between student capacity and the number of students arises, and not only a problem of deteriorating educational finances occurs depending on the factors of school new/expansion and school relocation to solve such problems, but also educational coordination in the old town. Civil complaints from residents are also occurring according to the situation. Based on this problem, this study analyzes and examines the change in the number of elementary school students through the analysis of the low birth rate problem and the change in educational conditions in the Suwon area due to the development of the new city area and the redevelopment of the old city area. It was done to explore.To effectively achieve the purpose of this study, the school establishment theory and related laws were first reviewed, and the change in educational conditions according to the change in population and number of students in the Suwon area was analyzed. Also, the changes in the urban development plan and the urban environment of Suwon city were analyzed. Specifically, the change in the number of students in the last 30 years was analyzed for 99 elementary schools in all areas of Suwon. In this study, with interest in the following matters, we attempted to derive an efficient plan for long-term student placement plans.First, theories of school establishment theory, student placement planning-related systems, and urban planning projects-related development projects were examined. Specifically, school location theory, student placement planning theory, student placement planning index, student placement-related laws and regulations, development projects related to urban planning projects, and school establishment procedure theory were examined.Second, it analyzed the population change in the Suwon area and the change in elementary school education conditions. To analyze the change in school-age population due to the low birth rate problem and the change in educational conditions by region caused by social population movement, the distinct population change in the Suwon region from 1990 to 2019, the distinct future population change by 2035, and as of 2019 The trend of changes in distinguished educational conditions in Suwon region, such as the trend of changes in the school-age population (0-13 years old) and the number of elementary school students (6-11 years old) by distinction in the region, was empirically analyzed through statistical data.Third, the trend of changes in the number of elementary schools, number of elementary school students, number of classes, and number of students per class during the last 30 years in the Suwon area was analyzed. Due to the trend of population concentration in the new city of Suwon City, the education gap between the old districts is widening due to the miniaturization of the old city area and the migration of the population from the old city to the new city area. This is caused by a variety of factors such as distinct regional infrastructure, social environment, and the economic level of residents, so to resolve the educational imbalance, balanced urban development must be given priority.
Fourth, the trend of changes in the number of students in nearby schools due to the establishment of schools in the last 10 years in Suwon was analyzed. Due to the development of housing sites in the new city, the number of students in neighboring schools that were newly established due to civil petitions for new construction is showing a sharp decline.
Fifth, by analyzing the number of currently enrolled students in 99 elementary schools in Suwon in 2019, we sought to find a plan for establishing an appropriate school policy that takes into account the characteristics of the Suwon region.
Based on the above analysis results, four directions of the mid-to long-term elementary school student placement plan according to changes in the number of students were suggested.
First, it is necessary to establish a basic plan for student placement through comprehensive analysis from a long-term perspective of at least 30 years. The student placement plan is as accurate as possible in the long-term through collection and analysis of data on urban development, population movement, changes in the number of children scheduled to attend school, changes in fertility rates, housing conditions, housing penetration rates, and city and population characteristics. It will be said that it is very important to predict student demand. Also, since major matters related to securing the school site, such as the location, size, and time of the school, are already determined during the city planning process, the education support office in a region where development or redevelopment projects are active to carry out appropriate student placement planning work. In this study, it is necessary to utilize expertise by assigning majors related to urban planning to the department in charge of student placement planning for a long time.
Second, it is necessary to promote a school development project of an appropriate size that reflects regional characteristics. In the case of the Suwon area, the overall number of students continues to decrease, so it is urgent to foster an appropriately sized school that reflects this. It is necessary to establish an appropriate school policy that takes into account the characteristics of each distinction in Suwon, rather than applying the national standards for the appropriate size of schools. While considering the characteristics of the distinction, the target school to be fostered as an appropriate size school is selected through linkage with the overall plan of the Suwon region and the impact assessment of the educational environment, and for fostering an appropriate size school, it is about 30 years longer than the establishment of a school and an integrated school. From a perspective, it is necessary to promote school relocation and rearrangement through predicting the number of students, adjust school districts, and promote complex school facilities in consideration of the decrease in the school-age population due to a long-term population decline due to a low birth rate.
Third, the establishment of new schools should be minimized when establishing a student placement plan. The number of students is decreasing year by year due to low fertility in the Suwon area as a whole, and schools in the old city are reduced to small schools, and the influx of the population in the new city development area is increasing. This is because the factor of increasing the number of students in the development area is not a pure increase in the number of students due to the increase in the school-age population, but is caused by the horizontal movement of the population due to housing development. Thus, it is necessary to minimize the vicious cycle of imbalance in the educational environment between the new and old cities.
Fourth, it is necessary to revitalize school relocation and relocation. The relocation and relocation of schools is a plan for student placement to respond flexibly to the decrease in the number of students in the old city area and the temporary increase in the number of students by region due to the development of new areas and apartment houses. Therefore, relocating and relocating existing schools in the vicinity of the new city to a new city where new schools need to be established is a way to make more efficient use of finances under insufficient educational financial conditions.
Fifth, it is necessary to establish a school facility plan through linkage and cooperation with local governments. The direction and plan should be established so that the student placement plan is consistent with the urban master plan through close cooperation and cooperation with the city planning department of the local government.